This report discusses the key milestones that have shaped the travel and tourism industry, including the introduction of holiday packages, transportation acts, and the development of low-cost airlines. It also explores the different elements of the industry, such as accessibility, accommodation, and attractions. The report further examines the factors that affect tourism behavior, including geographical, economic, and cultural factors. Additionally, it discusses the models of motivation that impact buying decisions in the industry. Finally, the report identifies recent and emerging patterns and trends in the travel and tourism industry, with a focus on hygiene and health safety measures and the rise of under tourism.