1 INTERNET CENSORSHIP Introduction This essay aims to discuss the topic internet censorship. An explanation of the topic is provided in this essay along with the benefits of internet censorship for the society is discussed in this essay. The operation of internet censorship is described briefly in this essay. The people who are benefitted and the people who are negatively affected from the internet censorship is briefly discussed in this essay. The process by which the society need to deal with the internet censorship in the future is briefly discussed in this essay. Some of the particular challenges that are faced by the professionals of information systems is discussed in this essay. Lastly, this essay concludes with an appropriate conclusion for this essay. Internet censorship is the implementation of control in the publishing, viewing or the accessing of the explicit on the internet that are permitted by regulators or several other initiatives (Ensafi et al. 2014). Discussion The process of implementing preventive control on the websites or on any content that is accessible in the internet is referred as the internet censorship. This restriction is deployed in form of the law, edit or any kind of regulation that is placed by the particular government (Khattak et al. 2016). The reach of the internet censorship is discovered to be varying from country to country on the basis of the rules and the regulations that are imposed in various countries. Operation of internet censorship The controls of internet censorship at the most basic level is the restricting of the access to the explicit content on the internet from any organisation or any entity of the government that can impact negatively on the viewers or the society (Crete-Nishihata, Deibert and Senft
2 INTERNET CENSORSHIP 2013). It might be blocking access to the restricting the utilisation of the complete platform, copyrightedinformation,oranysensitivecontent.Theusersofcomputerrequiresa connection to the internet. The ISPs are the major internet providers that cluster together the users of internet and then serve as the gateway to internet. They can effectively work as the censor or totally take out internet if the government requires them to. Once the internet is shutdown by the ISP, the physical system of internet seems to be decentralised but if the individual is still connected to the internet, the services needs to be bought from the ISP and then use any university system or corporate system and they act as the central location of routing and a choke point to the content (Dalek et al. 2013). This mechanism is commonly applied in the countries where the government want to restrict the information that is received by the citizens of the country. Some of the methods that are commonly used for restricting the contents on internet are as follows: Packet filtering: terminates the transmission of the information when the strings of the keywords are discovered. IP address blocking: blocks the access to particular addresses URL filtering: the scanning of the URL for keywords are done and if alarming content is discovered then the address is blocked DNS blocking: blocks the access to the domain name of the website Computer network attacks: The DoS attacks are used for preventing the access to several services when it is discovered to be a potential attack and it can block more than just any marked location. Connection reset: if any connection was blocked by the filter, any other sites would be blocked for significant time even if it is an accepted communication.
3 INTERNET CENSORSHIP Portal censorship: simple removal and the exclusion of the results from the search engines. Benefits of internet censorship to society Withthehelpofinternetcensorship,thecontrolsof protectioncanbeeasily implemented (Soengas-Pérez 2013). Due to the fact that the internet is considered to be open and comprehensive, the quality and the authenticity of all information, which is available on internet is comparatively unconvinced. Internet censorship can help the children by providing protection from the abusive contents on the internet like child pornography, sexual violence and several other content about crimes or drug abuse. Women can also be protected from the explicit contents of internet by the implementation of internet censorship. The websites that are promoting violence against women can be blocked and any violence against women can be prevented (Wang, Juffermans and Du 2016). It is considered that the deployment of internet censorship would be helpful in protecting various kinds of disturbing email spams. The disturbance caused by the spam emails are rising significantly disturbing. In several instances, it has been observed that the spam emails contains malware that creates the threat of data theft as this malware can damage the system. Majority of the junk emails consists of malware that are intended to execute the task of phishing which is commonly used for stealing the identity of users on the internet (Leung and Lee 2014). Negative impact of internet censorship Even though the restriction can be placed on the fake information using the internet censorship, the real information can also be restricted and the people would be deprived of the information. As the restrictions are placed on the contents of the internet, it can affect the businesses and it would block the information that might be required by the businesses for effective operations. If the promotion of the businesses would be hampered on internet or they cannot sell their products on any e-commerce platform, then the state of the business would deteriorate in comparison to the businesses that are allowed to sell their products on
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4 INTERNET CENSORSHIP the internet platform (Wright 2014). The major aspect of free internet offers the individuals with the opportunity of posting anything they wish to. This provides the individuals a chance of expressing the thoughts, views, and the opinions freely. The laws might already exist in several jurisdictions, which would allow the prosecution of several individuals who take part in the illegal content like the child pornography and therefore the implementation of an extra layer of restrictions would create a new layer of bureaucracy. Internet censorship in the future In several ways, internet can be the victim of its own prevailing success. By the creation of speechandthecommunicationeasierforthepeople,itcreatestheopportunityof communications among the organisation a lot easier. The censorship technology is actually growing to be better and more sophisticated. Even though the technical censorship would increase, the human factor must not be underestimated (Lim 2013). With the help of sheer workforce for increasing the schemes of censorship, it would increase like the trending topics, shifting the circumvention tools, and innovative web proxies. Implementing extensive legal penalties on the access of the prohibited material is one of the non-technological method of completing a job (Kou, Semaan and Nardi 2017). Even though, it is considered that the censorship of internet has several negative impacts on the use of internet, it does provide some additional benefits to the people and it can be proved by the fact that the company, Google is now more visible and it has increased the vocal proponent of any open market. It is considered that in the near future there would be an increase in the attempts of curbing freedom of speech on the internet platform. In the countries, where the freedom of speech is considered to be a political or existential threat by the government of the country, the technical censorship would increase to become more ubiquitous but still it will be mixed with severallegalattackontheanonymity.Therewouldbeasignificantincreaseinthe requirement of registering the websites and the web users in the future.
5 INTERNET CENSORSHIP Challenges to the IT professionals due to internet censorship The IT professionals who work in the multinational companies or even in the small companies can be severely affected due to the internet censorship as it might restrict the valuable information from accessing (Clark et al. 2017). The IT department of the companies cannot get the recent updates about the developments in the sector of IT and the functioning of the businesses might be affected. The aspect of surveillance of the systems of the organisation would be hampered due to the implementation of the restrictions on internet as these surveillance methods are essential for preventing the systems of the organisations from any kind of network attacks or data theft attacks (Warf2013). Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that the aspect of internet censorship has several advantages and it also lacks in several fields. Internet censorship is the implementation of control in the publishing, viewing or the accessing of the explicit on the internet that are permitted by regulators or several other initiatives. The process of implementing preventive control on the websites or on any content that is accessible in the internet is referred as the internet censorship. This restriction is deployed in form of the law, edit or any kind of regulation that is placed by the particular government. Due to the fact that the internet is considered to be open and comprehensive, the quality and the authenticity of all information, which is available on internet is comparatively unconvinced. As the restrictions are placed on the contents of the internet, it can affect the businesses and it would block the information that might be required by the businesses for effective operations.
6 INTERNET CENSORSHIP References Clark, J.D., Faris, R.M., Morrison-Westphal, R.J., Noman, H., Tilton, C.B. and Zittrain, J.L., 2017. The shifting landscape of global internet censorship. Crete-Nishihata, M., Deibert, R. and Senft, A., 2013. Not by technical means alone: the multidisciplinary challenge of studying information controls. Dalek, J., Haselton, B., Noman, H., Senft, A., Crete-Nishihata, M., Gill, P. and Deibert, R.J., 2013, October. A method for identifying and confirming the use of URL filtering products for censorship. InProceedings of the 2013 conference on Internet measurement conference(pp. 23-30). ACM. Ensafi, R., Knockel, J., Alexander, G. and Crandall, J.R., 2014, March. Detecting intentional packet drops on the Internet via TCP/IP side channels. InInternational Conference on Passive and Active Network Measurement(pp. 109-118). Springer, Cham. Khattak, S., Elahi, T., Simon, L., Swanson, C.M., Murdoch, S.J. and Goldberg, I., 2016. Sok: Makingsenseofcensorshipresistancesystems.ProceedingsonPrivacyEnhancing Technologies,2016(4), pp.37-61. Kou, Y., Semaan, B. and Nardi, B., 2017, September. A Confucian look at Internet censorship in China. InIFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction(pp. 377-398). Springer, Cham. Leung, D.K. and Lee, F.L., 2014. Cultivating an active online counterpublic: Examining usageand politicalimpactof Internetalternativemedia.The InternationalJournal of Press/Politics,19(3), pp.340-359. Lim, M., 2013. Framing Bouazizi:‘White lies’, hybrid network, and collective/connective action in the 2010–11 Tunisian uprising.Journalism,14(7), pp.921-941.
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