The Impact of Moore's Law on Technology

This assignment delves into the concept of Moore's Law, which observes the doubling of transistors on integrated circuits every two years. It examines how this law has driven technological progress and influenced industries like computing and communication. The assignment also discusses the implications of Moore's Law, including its limitations and potential future directions.

Running head: INTERNET OF THINGS
Internet of Things
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note:

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Table of Contents
Question 1........................................................................................................................................2
Question 2........................................................................................................................................3
Question 3........................................................................................................................................4
Question 4........................................................................................................................................7
Question 5........................................................................................................................................8
Question 6........................................................................................................................................9
References......................................................................................................................................12

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Question 1
What does the statement "the best interface for a system is no User Interface"? When might
this apply and provide two examples.
Solution
Embracing of the no user’s interface has always been the case in modern world where the
users consider the systems of the computer with the principal interface are those, which utilizes
no user’s interface. The statement that is mentioned above has been boosted in the voice user
interface or VUIs is the greatest interface because the interface of the system in comparison to
the graphical user interface or GUI (Cui, 2016). Interfacing amongst each other is definitely
different from the way intercommunication is done with the GUI or graphical interfaces.
There are several principles, which are meant for depicting no user interface for seizing
typical procedure. Two examples of the above mentioned statement are the locking and
unlocking a car. The instruction of the examples is that one have to walk to the location,
wherever the car is kept, then he or she has to redeem the car keys from the pocket, and then
push the unlock button and finally unlock the car (Da Xu, 2014). The steps two and three in
unlocking the car lock can be kept together using a digital interface.
An application from the phone is utilized by the user to conduct the above examples.
However, it is perceived that the application from the phone utilized for managing the locks is
digital interface but often, it may go out of date or sometimes one may forget a phone. The above
examples thus clearly define the statement that the best interface is the no user interface.

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Question 2
Compare the bandwidth, distance, interference rating, cost and security of a) twisted pair
cable, b) coaxial cable and 3) fiber optic cable. Use current data, give specific details for at
least 3 types of cable within each category, these should have different specifications, rather
than simply different brands of the same type.
Solution
TWISTED PAIR CABLE COAXIAL CABLE FIBRE OPTIC CABLE
It gives the lowest bandwidth
of about 1.5mb/s for a distance
of about 2.5 km.
Coaxial cables are made for
transmission of signals
especially for sending tv
signals, cctv cameras, and also
for accepting videos and
audios.
It gives greater bandwidth than the
twisted pair and the coaxial cable,
which is up to the range of 10Gbps.
Transmission is almost 250km with
a higher bandwidth of 2.5Gbps for
more than 32,000. The attenuation
of fibre does not depend on the
bandwidth..
The security for Twisted Pair
Cable is much less compared
to other two and it can be
easily trapped (Jullien, 2013).
The security of coaxial cable is
3% more than the twisted pair
cable. Therefore, even this can
be termed as unsecure.
Fibre optical cable is most secured
cable compared to the twisted pair
cable and the coaxial cable.
This is the cheapest cable and
mainly utilized in smaller
organizations as the installation
This is more expensive
compared to the twisted pair
cable and because of its cost, it
The installation cost is less as
compared to the coaxial cable in
fibre optical cable. However, the

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charges are cheap. is less popular. equipments needed for this cable are
very expensive (Miller, 2012).
The distance covered by
twisted pair cable is up to 2.5
km
The distance covered by
coaxial cable is up to 100m
The distance covered by this cable
is up to 250km.
Question 3
The three common ways to obtain information from IoT devices are sensors, RFID and Video
tracking. Compare the three technologies by addressing the advantages, disadvantages, key
requirements for the things. Provide two applications of each (these applications should NOT
be sourced from the textbook). You may use a table to present the material if you wish.
Solution
TASKS RADIO
FREQUENCY
IDENTIFICATION
SENSORS VIDEO TRACKING
ADVANTAGES i) A distinct and
simple way of
recognition is easier
when executing with
RFID
i) They have very high
capability of current
and the cost is
extremely less.
ii) The photoelectric
i) Comprehensive data is
tracked and all he footage
with seconds is followed.
ii) It intensified in such a
manner that it is able to

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ii) Tags are read
simultaneously
(Dobkin, 2012).
iii) It is an
amalgamation of
RFID tags with
sensors
iv) The tags utilized in
RFID the sensitivity is
lesser in the adverse
conditions
sensors can sense all
types of materials and
have extremely long
life with faster
response time.
iii) Sensors for
example the inductive
sensors are much
resistant to harsh
environments (Bao &
Chen, 2012).
provide all the necessary
information as far as it was
recorded and tracked.
iii) It is not very easy to
manipulate video tracking
iv) It provides assurance
that there is much security
as everything can be
tracked (Wang et al., 2015)
DISADVANTAGES The main
disadvantage of RFID
is that it is extremely
costly. Another
disadvantage is that
the tags can be
damaged during the
usage.
The main disadvantage
is that the sensors
require physical
contact. Another
disadvantage is that
the response is
extremely slow.
The main disadvantage is
that the storage capacity is
extremely high. Another
disadvantage is that it is
extremely expensive.
KEY
REQUIREMENTS
a) Power a) Reliability a) Public or the private

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b) Auto identification
c) Unique identity
requirements
b) Automatic driving
c) Safety requirements
-
access
b) Work flow should be
customizable
c) Ease of use and
capabilities of multi user.
-
APPLICATION -It is utilized for
identifying instances
where a db. is
controlled in the
background to provide
or receive information
needed. It is applied
by organization that
provides logistics
solution are such us
UPS, FedEx and
USPS
-Other application of
RFID in
manufacturing and
distribution where in
Applied in
1.Basic End of travel
sensing
2.material handling
and parts detection
3.Level sensing
It is applied in.
-Tracking cargo trucks that
go for long distances.
-for shriveling of animal in
game reserves.
-For tracking events in
games as the happen like
football matches.

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picking and system for
sorting in the
warehouse.
Question 4
Discuss the issues associated with security and privacy in the context of the Internet of
Things.
Solution
The security depends on the number of factors, how information is sensitive and the cost
of alleviating vulnerability of the security. As part in producing and manufacturing this IOT the
company should implement design process for security as follows.
(1.) The firm should conduct an assessment for security risk.
(2.) Retaining and minimizing the data gathered (Da Xu, 2014).
Secondly the company should offer training to its employee in making this sensible and
reasonable security. The company should be monitoring the IOT all through their life cycle and
hence identifying the patches that may make the IOT products vulnerable.
Some of the IoT devices may presents potential privacy and security risks that could be
implemented and bring harm to the consumers. Some of the risk of security that can bring harm
are

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(1) enablement of access that is not authorized
(2) personal information misuse.
(3) facilitation of been attacked by other systems
(4.) Safety risks for security must be created.
Privacy risks flowing must be identified in the IoT as they act as an addition to risks of
security (Cui, 2016). The risks involved in privacy maybe direct collection of personal
information that is sensitive, account numbers in finance, commerce through the mobile etc.
Some of the privacy and security risks are perceived that they may not be realized, may also
undermine the confidence of the consumer that necessitate the technologies to meet the
objectives. “As one participant stated, “promoting privacy and data protection principles remains
paramount to ensure societal acceptance of IoT services.”
Question 5
An IoT water level monitoring application requires updates from a sensor periodically, using
the command/response paradigm. The application triggers a request every 1 s. The round-trip
propagation delay between the application and the sensor is 12 ms. On average the sensor
consumes 3 ms to process each request. The application consumes 2 ms to send or receive any
message. If the application blocks on every request to the sensor, how much of its time budget
can be saved by redesigning the application to use the publish/subscribe communication model
in lieu of the command/response approach?

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Solution
The provided information to us:
The application triggers a request every 1 s.
The round-trip propagation delay between the application and the sensor is 12 ms.
On average the sensor consumes 3 ms to process each request.
The application consumes 2 ms to send or receive any message
Hence, the total time used by the application is 1+ 12 + 3 + 2 ms = 18 ms.
Hence if the application blocks all the requests the application would be saving 18 ms for the
system. The designed application would be much more efficient than the present model.
Question 6
Describe Nielson's Law. How does it relate to Moore's Law? What are the implications for the
Internet of Thing?
Solution
Jacob Nielsen law is explained as principles referred to as the “10 usability heuristics for
user interface design” which were released by early 1994.The principles that brings in the law
are as follows:
(1) The user should be informed by the system to what is going on by the system giving
time appropriate feedback with a given time that is realistic.

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(2)The system should be compatible with the user language and there should be some
matching on the real world and the system itself that is in use.
(3) it should allow one to redo and undo.
(4) the system should show its consistency and the required standards.
(5) the system should be built in that it prevents errors before they occur (Zhao et al.,
2013).
(6) Mr Nielsen considers recognition to be better that to recall.
(7) the system should be ease to use and efficient and much more flexible (8) the
dialogues or the system contain information that is relevant to user only.
(9) the system should be set in a way that it can correct from errors recognize them and
diagnose them.
(10) a system should produce a help function and documentation giving all guidelines on
how to use the system.
Moore law was named after its founder Gordon E. Moore which is the observation in
computing history of the hardware’s, that the transistors numbers on the circuits that are
integrated doubles every two years but ranging for about 18 months. Many gadgets that are
electronic and digital links to Moore’s Law. Moore’s Law says that there is a driving force in
technology and social changes in the 20th and 21st centuries.

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Moore’s second law states that the cost used by producers or manufacturers in order to
satisfy Moore’s law follows an opposite trend as the computer power cost to the consumer falls
(Waldrop, 2016)
Some of the reason to why the Moore law exist are such as producers in need of the law,
manufacturers who are competing, provision of better design tools by technology that is
successful, also in demand of customers. The existence of Moore’s law has led to reducing the
robustness structure of device to handy to devices used by hands over the past number of years.