Internet of Things in Healthcare

This research discusses the impact of Internet of Things (IoT) in the healthcare industry. It explores the general use of IoT in healthcare, its benefits, and future possibilities. The aim is to understand how IoT devices can improve patient care and make healthcare more convenient and accessible. The literature review highlights authentication protocols and the use of IoT in medical devices.

Running head: INTERNET OF THINGS IN HEALTHCARE
INTERNET OF THINGS IN HEALTHCARE
[Name of the Student]
[Name of the University]
[Author note]

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Table of Contents
Background................................................................................................................................2
Internet of Things and Healthcare..........................................................................................2
General use of IoT in the Healthcare:....................................................................................4
Aim and Objectives....................................................................................................................6
Literature review:.......................................................................................................................7
Hypothesis................................................................................................................................10
Variance in the standards and Protocols:.............................................................................11
Security and Privacy:...........................................................................................................12
Data overload:......................................................................................................................12
Methodology............................................................................................................................15
Research Philosophy:...........................................................................................................15
Research approach:..............................................................................................................16
Research Design:..................................................................................................................17
Process of data collection:....................................................................................................17
Sampling:.............................................................................................................................18
Data Analysis Method..........................................................................................................19
Expected outcomes...................................................................................................................19
Future work..............................................................................................................................20
PROGRAM OF WORK...........................................................................................................20
Bibliography:............................................................................................................................22

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Background
Health is considered to be the global challenge which is faced by humanity. The
constitutions of the World Health Organization or the WHO has been associated with stating
the fact that the highest standard which is attainable is the fundamental right of every
individual. In order to keep the individuals in a healthy condition there exists a need of
having effective as well as readily available modern healthcare systems1. The healthcare
system which are modernized are associated with providing of an better healthcare services to
the people anytime and anywhere in a manner which is along with being patient friendly is
also economic in nature. Besides all this the recent advancements in the design of the IoT
technologies have been associated with spurring the process of system development for the
purpose of providing support as well as for improving the healthcare as well as biomedical
related processes.
The process of healthcare monitoring system is having an essential need of constant
monitoring of the patients as well as their physiological parameters2. One such example in
case if pregnant women, parameters such as the blood pressure heart rate and many other
parameters needs to be monitored continuously so as to control their health conditions.
Internet of Things and Healthcare
Internet of Things is defined as an arrangement of interrelated gadgets, mechanical
and advanced machines, items, creatures or individuals that are given special identifiers
(UIDs) and the capacity to exchange information over a network which can be both human-
to-human or human-to-PC communications3. The IoT or the Internet of things is an Emerging
technology which is also defined as an internetworking of physical devices, buildings,
vehicles and items which are generally embedded with the electronics, sensors, actuators, and
the network connectivity which is associated with enabling of the objects to collect and
exchange the data.
1 Babu, B. Sobhan, K. Srikanth, T. Ramanjaneyulu, and I. Lakshmi Narayana. "IoT for
healthcare." International Journal of Science and Research 5, no. 2 (2016): 322-326.
2 Ali, Farman, SM Riazul Islam, Daehan Kwak, Pervez Khan, Niamat Ullah, Sang-jo Yoo, and Kyung Sup
Kwak. "Type-2 fuzzy ontology–aided recommendation systems for IoT–based healthcare." Computer
Communications 119 (2018): 138-155.
3 Gelogo, Yvette E., Ha Jin Hwang, and Haeng-Kon Kim. "Internet of Things (IoT) framework for u-healthcare
system." International Journal of Smart Home 9, no. 11 (2015): 323-330.

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IoT is also referred to as the integrated information network of the future internet
which is associated with including the physical as well as the virtual things associated with
having their own identities along with physical attributes and intelligent interfaces as well
and all this in turn are connected with one another in a seamless manner4. Besides this it is
also associated with connecting a huge number of information as well as communication
systems which are used by peoples so as to interact with the information and the
communication technologies which are responsible for providing support to the entire
business processes.
IoT might be a hot topic in the industry however it is not a new concept and has
recently become very popular in the field of communication technology. Technology which
has now been seen to be dependent upon the IoT has been associated with working in its own
4 Yuehong, Y. I. N., Yan Zeng, Xing Chen, and Yuanjie Fan. "The internet of things in healthcare: An
overview." Journal of Industrial Information Integration 1 (2016): 3-13.

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way onto many devices of the consumers. Besides this many people are also associated with
expecting it to crossover to healthcare, IoT technology has been associated with transforming
the way in which human beings live and work5. Besides this it is also having the possibility of
changing many aspects of human life including the healthcare as well. In today’s world there
exists various healthcare system which are seen to be available and are associated with
allowing the patients in scheduling of the appointments by usage of the applications present
in their mobile phones, smart devices and many more, without any kind of need of calling the
hospital and wait for longer time so as to get an appointment.
General use of IoT in the Healthcare:
IoT is generally associated with transforming the medical data so as to gain insights
related to providing of smarter patient care. Healthcare has now been associated with
becoming much more advanced in terms of technology usage and is entire related to
connecting things together. For this reason the IoT has seen to have become very important
for the healthcare sector6. Leveraging of the connected sensors along with the other type of
things which can be worn by people, would be helping in placing all the information in the
clouds and it can be used by the doctors or care givers so as to have a real-time monitoring of
the patients. IoTs are also capable of supporting potentially lifesaving applications which are
present in the healthcare industry by collection of the data from the devices such as the
bedside devices, patient information viewing and real-time diagnosis of the entire system
associated with providing patient care. Besides this there are many healthcare devices which
are seen to be operating throughout the entire world which in turn is seen to be turning out
into a major issue due to risks related to data loss mistakes in the process of diagnosis7. In
addition to this the caregivers or the doctors are also having the capability of do easy
monitoring along with management of the patients health condition which in turn is
associated with making them capable of saving each and every precious moments. This
would be done without any kind of manual visit to the patients and the caregiver or the expert
would become capable of providing a remote diagnosis along with tracking of the medical
5 Yang, Yang, Xianghan Zheng, Wenzhong Guo, Ximeng Liu, and Victor Chang. "Privacy-preserving smart
IoT-based healthcare big data storage and self-adaptive access control system." Information Sciences 479
(2019): 567-592.
6 Tao, Hai, Md Zakirul Alam Bhuiyan, Ahmed N. Abdalla, Mohammad Mehedi Hassan, Jasni Mohamad Zain,
and Thaier Hayajneh. "Secured data collection with hardware-based ciphers for iot-based healthcare." IEEE
Internet of Things Journal 6, no. 1 (2019): 410-420.
7 Yeole, Anjali S., and D. R. Kalbande. "Use of internet of things (iot) in healthcare: A survey." In Proceedings
of the ACM Symposium on Women in Research 2016, pp. 71-76. ACM, 2016.

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assets. Usage of the sensors along with the Wi-Fi it is possible to determine the right
department’s location so as to retrieve the sensual information.
Internet of Things has widely achieved a large amount of recognition in the various
field which has made human life easier. The eye opener has been in the field of medicine
which has enormous benefits8. It is one of most intense and significant fields to be created
and improved by smart environment intended to help human life to be predictable and react
in a faster way possible. It not only saves many lives but also helps in low power utilization
and which is also economical that can provide constant evaluation and feedback.
Smart devices in the field of medicine such as Fitbit and Apple watch which are easily
available in the market are being used extensively to have track on the activity and heart rate
which improve both physical and mental health if necessary actions are taken9. We can also
find many app on our own smart phone which will give us step count and gives advises
accordingly.
8 Hou, Jia-Li, and Kuo-Hui Yeh. "Novel authentication schemes for IoT based healthcare
systems." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 11, no. 11 (2015): 183659.
9 Darshan, K. R., and K. R. Anandakumar. "A comprehensive review on usage of Internet of Things (IoT) in
healthcare system." In 2015 International Conference on Emerging Research in Electronics, Computer Science
and Technology (ICERECT), pp. 132-136. IEEE, 2015.

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Many known examples for Smart devices which help in improving human health are
Treatment for cancer, the device is called Cycore in this process a Bluetooth enabled device
with tracking of blood pressure hand gear is attached to the patient’s body which combines
sends the information on to patients’ doctor on a tracking app which allows doctors to know
about the evidence and reactions to the medicines every week. Another such example is the
continuous glucose monitoring system and insulin pens10. The smart devices like Ever sense
which allows the patients to have a wearable which sends information to the app that can be
downloaded on the smart phone which gives reading on several time in a day. Insulin pen is a
major improvement in the field of medicine. This wearable devices allows diabetic patients to
continuously monitor the blood pressure and allow to inject certain amount of dosage at the
right time.
Aim and Objectives
The main idea of this research is to discuss the brief understanding on how a smart device can
help in the field of medicine and make life easier and convenient. Specifically the devices
which will help doctors to monitor the patients’ health and benefit patients by not travelling
to the clinic or to the doctor’s office every now and then. Wearable devices have made
medical treatments so much easy that it is made to help to screen patient’s wellbeing
10 Mutlag, Ammar Awad, Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani, Net al Arunkumar, Mazin Abed Mohamed, and Othman
Mohd. "Enabling technologies for fog computing in healthcare IoT systems." Future Generation Computer
Systems 90 (2019): 62-78.

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remotely with the help of actuators, sensors and analyzers11. These devices can bring changes
in the society with the decrease in the death rate, diminished facility visits, medical clinic
confirmation, reduce the problem with number of beds in the hospital, length of remain in
emergency clinic. This research can also give brief idea about how devices work. Finally we
can see that tech giants are targeting the medical field in terms of smart devices like Apple
watch and Google fit which are commercially available with many benefits in such a small
devices. It's not difficult to have a vision of future in which iOS or Android applications
cooperate with quite a bit of our intensity in the field of medicine. Further in this research
IOT devices in medical field will be discussed in terms of benefits and how it will add the
value to human life.
Literature review:
According to YANG, Hao and ZHANG (2013), in the environment of IoT there have
been proposed a raised authentication model. As said by Rhee et al. (2005), some
improvements have been proposed in the algorithm for authentication protocol of RFID based
on Challenge-response for the environment of distributed database. In the system
environment of IoT control is made more suitable. There are three main steps in their
approach: for all the terminal device those are needed for the purpose of controlling backup is
to be added and in the case of monitoring, monitor device is to be added for following and
monitoring all the devices of the terminal and after that it is required to add a mechanism of
pushed alarm in case of failing of any authentication process.
As said by Batina et al. (2007) in case of Application protocol that is distributed
which is of non-wired sensor networks for the authentication protocol that is of two phases.
The protocol mentioned here is approach based on certificate. Both the control station and the
IOT devices are allowed by authentication and they can recognize each other, thus this helps
in a secured connection and all the data are transferred with enough security. Considering the
scalability and the heterogeneity of the network and uses the sensor networks for the support
of protocol. In case of issuing certificate authority is used. After getting their own certificates
all the existing nodes are able to change and even move. CA can also perform sensor identity
besides it is also possible of communicating with other network entities12. For initialising any
11 Milovanovic, D. R. A. G. O. R. A. D., and Z. O. R. A. N. Bojkovic. "Cloud based IoT healthcare applications:
Requirements and recommendations." International Journal of Internet of Things and Web Services 2 (2017):
60-65.
12 Mishra, Ayaskanta, Akanksha Kumari, Pooja Sajit, and Pranjal Pandey. "Remote web based ECG Monitoring
using MQTT Protocol for IoT in Healthcare." Development 5, no. 04 (2018).

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connection network members firstly can connect to the CA for destination identity
confirmation. As it is also dependent on the security features of the lower layers and it
provides authentication in the end to end layer of application.
As said by Kalra and Sood, (2015), there have been proposed for the security of
authentication for the cloud servers and the IoT. This is the scheme which is dependent on the
cryptography of the elliptic curve that serves better solutions of security than any other
algorithms of Public Key Cryptography (PKC), as said by Batina et al. (2007), this happens
because its key size is small. In case of embedded devices the authentication protocol over
there uses EEC that uses the HTTP protocol. Using HTTP cookies for smart device
authentication is recognized as novel approach 13. TCP/IP configuration is required in these
devices. Due to the purpose of fitting of the embedded devices which have restricted
environment and that can be controlled with cloud servers the authentication protocol that is
specified here is designed for using HTTP cookies. The protocol prop [used over here is of
two phases, namely, login and authentication phase, recomputed phase and registration phase.
Embedded devices of the registration phase registers themselves with cloud server which in
turn dispatches a cookie back, which thereafter gets stored into embedded devices. According
to Liu, Xiao and Prasad, (2014), it is said that in the phase of Login and in the phase of Pre-
computation all the devices needs to send a request for login in case of a connection with the
server. Right after this with the usage of EEC by reading all raw sensors mutually gets
authenticated to each other in the server of cloud and also the server of embedded devices14.
After any sensor resource is observed the number of messages is reduced by the proposed
option that results in consumption of energy and also increases the device’s lifetime.
13 Jimenez, Freddy, and Romina Torres. "Building an IoT-aware healthcare monitoring system." In 2015 34th
International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society (SCCC), pp. 1-4. IEEE, 2015.
14 Gill, Sukhpal Singh, Rajesh Chand Arya, Gurpreet Singh Wander, and Rajkumar Buyya. "Fog-Based Smart
Healthcare as a Big Data and Cloud Service for Heart Patients Using IoT." In International Conference on
Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things, pp. 1376-1383. Springer, Cham, 2018.

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CoRE in the working group of which IETF is present that is a designed working
group of CoAP. Networks that are highly constrained of the sensor nodes, the CoRE provides
efficient architecture. For the purpose of IoT communication the constrained nodes are
provided by the CoAP. HTTP and CoAP differs in various aspects. In case of CoAP the
machines can be client and also server at the same. The messages can also be transferred in a
protocol that is datagram oriented, that can be like UDP. There is a Request or a Response
layer that is optional is added to CoAP which helps in providing better connection as in TCP.
Thus the optional layer which is discussed over here can be sued for dealing with UDP
interactions and UDP interactions 15. A 4 byte of header file is enforced for over heading the
packets. There are certain HTTP methods such as PUT, GET,POST and DELETE which are
also provided by CoAP. CoAP can be described as a web based transfer protocol that is
meant for the purpose of fitting constrained devices and networks. In between the endpoint
application an interaction of request or an interaction of response is implemented by CoAP.
Key concepts are included by CoAP taken from Web that includes types of internet media
and also URI’s. In the environment of IOT CoAP is very common and besides it is reliable
15 Hassan, Mahbub, Wen Hu, Guohao Lan, Sara Khalifa, Aruna Seneviratne, and Sajal K. Das. "Kinetic-
powered wearable iot for healthcare: Challenges and opportunities." IEEE Comput. (2018).

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too. Whereas a cryptographic system which is asymmetric is EEC and it also provides
security similar to RSA and which is of smaller size of key16. As higher level security is
provided by ECC and it also uses smaller size of key. In the IoT environment it is EEC that
maintains the requirements that should be into constrained devices. EEC also helps in
providing better encryption and the overhead is also minimized. The mechanism of
authentication is passed in multiple stages.
Stage 1- This the phase of initialization where private key is generated by the control system
and for the communication purpose public key is used by EEC.
Stage 2- In the phase of device registration over CoAP pre authentication process is included
and besides which the IoT devices are checked that whether they are authenticated or else not
authenticated. The device ID is checked by the control station and helps in finding out
corresponding entry. If the above mentioned condition fails the ID is used with all the private
key control that creates a password that is already encrypted and right after it is stored back
into the device of IoT.
Hypothesis
The following content will be discussed in the research
 IOT devices in the field of medicine to track, monitor and for treatments.
 Security and privacy concerns which occurs in the development of IOT devices.
 Differentiate between the uses of smart devices in medicine with comparing to the
present methods.
There are certain challenges which comes along the development of these smart devices
like size of the wearable’s and how comfortable the patient is when the device has to be on
his body the whole time.
How is it managed if the device has battery and need to be on the patients body which will
have some reactions or side effects?
How often are patients comfortable in sharing their personal information and questions the
security of the device even though he is knowledgeable about the benefits of the devices?
16 Laplante, Phillip A., and Nancy Laplante. "The internet of things in healthcare: Potential applications and
challenges." It Professional 18, no. 3 (2016): 2-4.

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The patients should be made sure that the data which is shared is secured and private.
Another example of the IoT solution for healthcare is the Moodables, these is a head mounted
smart device which is possible to wear throughout the day for the purpose of enhancing the
mood. Besides this the moodable device is also capable of sending out low intensity pulses to
the brain which is associated with helping in elevating the mood of the wearers17. Besides this
the device is also associated with acting as a boon for the people who is dependent upon the
anti-depressants as this devices is possible to wear throughout the day and would not be
having the usual side effects which are generally seen to be accompanies with the usage of
the antidepressant drugs. Another example is the hearables, this is one of the newest hearing
aid which is associated with enhancing the life quality of the people who are seen to having
hearing loss18. Hearables are generally synchronized with an application of the smartphone of
the people who is wearing it which would be associated with allowing the person become
capable of controlling and enhancing the real-world sound by making use of the equalizer,
filter and other features as well.
Despite of the benefits which are received because of the usage of the IoT enabled
devices, there exists several challenges which are put forward because of the usage of the
new technology and this is associated with including the following:
Variance in the standards and Protocols:
There exists numerous devices which are generally used for the purpose of providing of
healthcare services and this devices are seen to be IoT enabled. Besides this there also exists
different type of devices which are generally integrated with one another for the purpose of
monitoring a single patient at certain times19. This type of variance in the standards and
protocols of the different kind of devices is associated with making it very difficult to
integrate and interpret the data collected.
17 Farahani, Bahar, Farshad Firouzi, Victor Chang, Mustafa Badaroglu, Nicholas Constant, and Kunal
Mankodiya. "Towards fog-driven IoT eHealth: Promises and challenges of IoT in medicine and
healthcare." Future Generation Computer Systems 78 (2018): 659-676.
18 Catarinucci, Luca, Danilo De Donno, Luca Mainetti, Luca Palano, Luigi Patrono, Maria Laura Stefanizzi, and
Luciano Tarricone. "An IoT-aware architecture for smart healthcare systems." IEEE Internet of Things
Journal 2, no. 6 (2015): 515-526.
19 Bhatt, Chintan, Nilanjan Dey, and Amira S. Ashour, eds. "Internet of things and big data technologies for next
generation healthcare." (2017): 978-3.

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Security and Privacy:
It is well known that the data which is seen to be existing between the doctor and the patient
is bounded by the doctor patient confidentiality. For this reason the easy accessibility and the
availability of the data is associated with leading to the compromise of the security of the
personal health information of the patient as well doctor20. There is always seen to be existing
the risk of data misuse by the cybercriminals for the purpose of creating fake IDs so as to get
access to the drugs which can be used by them for later use so as to sell them or use the data
for filing of fraudulent insurance claims.
Data overload:
This is another challenge which is faced by the IoT enabled devices in medical sector because
of the existence of different devices which are used with the technology and all of which
might not be having the same communication protocols or standards21. This in turn would be
leading to the tremendous amount of data which would be aggregated and amongst this all of
this might not be effective while being interpreted in a sensible manner.
IoT has been associated with bringing of a new level of quality in the working for the
healthcare institution by means of enhancement of the health monitoring along with getting
access to the medical data. Despite of the dependency upon the internet it can act as a
downside at times of network outages which would be bringing more amount of benefits
which it offers because of the fast and the immediate responses. The usage of the IoT has
been associated with reduction of the cost of the manpower as most of the devices are
automated and are capable of reducing the expenses which is incurred by the patient for the
purpose of staying at the hospital as the patient can come back home and would still be
monitored remotely by the medical team22. The scope along with the popularity of the IoT is
seen to be increasing at a rapid rate and it has been associated with finding out of the ways
into each and every field helping in the reduction of the need related to manpower and
20 Mahmud, Redowan, Fernando Luiz Koch, and Rajkumar Buyya. "Cloud-fog interoperability in IoT-enabled
healthcare solutions." In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Distributed Computing and
Networking, p. 32. ACM, 2018.
21 Luo, Entao, Md Zakirul Alam Bhuiyan, Guojun Wang, Md Arafatur Rahman, Jie Wu, and Mohammed
Atiquzzaman. "Privacyprotector: Privacy-protected patient data collection in IoT-based healthcare
systems." IEEE Communications Magazine 56, no. 2 (2018): 163-168.
22 Tyagi, Sapna, Amit Agarwal, and Piyush Maheshwari. "A conceptual framework for IoT-based healthcare
system using cloud computing." In 2016 6th International Conference-Cloud System and Big Data Engineering
(Confluence), pp. 503-507. IEEE, 2016.

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enhancement of the automation in every step. The Intercommunicating devices are associated
with enhancement of the efficiency by means of reduction of the possibilities related to the
errors made by human beings which in turn also helps a lot in saving of time which can be
utilized for a different purpose23. Due to all this reasons the usage of the IoT in healthcare
applications is becoming must now a days.
Considering a huge amount of data which is collected by the IoT clouds of the
patients with various illness, is associated with depicting the fact that the data which is
collected can be used in an effective manner so as to conduct a statistical study which in turn
is responsible for providing support to the medical research. Besides this numerous studies
has been conducted in last few years for the purpose of collecting the data which can be used
completed easily by means of extraction of the information which are derived from the IoT
cloud. This is not only associate with helping in saving of time but is also associated with
helping in saving a lot of money as well which would have been required for conducting the
study24. This in turn would be largely having an impact upon the field of medical research and
would also be associated with allowing the introduction of a great and better medical
treatment. The IoT implementation has been done in different kind of devices for the purpose
23 Moosavi, Sanaz Rahimi, Tuan Nguyen Gia, Amir-Mohammad Rahmani, Ethiopia Nigussie, Seppo Virtanen,
Jouni Isoaho, and Hannu Tenhunen. "SEA: a secure and efficient authentication and authorization architecture
for IoT-based healthcare using smart gateways." Procedia Computer Science 52 (2015): 452-459.
24 Yeh, Kuo-Hui. "A secure IoT-based healthcare system with body sensor networks." IEEE Access 4 (2016):
10288-10299.

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of enhancing the care which are received by the patients. Besides this the already existing
devices are also being upgraded by usage of the IoT which are associated with the embedding
of the chips which is a new generation of smart devices that has been introduced and is
having the capability of enhancing the care as well as assistance which is required by the
patients.
Besides this the constant automated monitoring of the patients is associated with
allowing the accurate collection of the data without the existence of any kind of possibility of
errors. This in turn is associated with enhancing the study related to the patient’s condition
which in turn is associated with leading to have a proper diagnosis as well as precise
treatment. This data in turn can be stored for using as a future reference. In case if the doctor
is associated with referring to the case history of the patient then the doctor would become
capable of accessing the data by making use of the IoT clouds so as to have a better
understanding of the condition of the patient25. This is also seen to be very useful in cases of
emergency as well whenever there is a need of immediate assistance and there might not exist
25 Subramaniyaswamy, V., Gunasekaran Manogaran, R. Logesh, V. Vijayakumar, Naveen Chilamkurti, D.
Malathi, and N. Senthilselvan. "An ontology-driven personalized food recommendation in IoT-based healthcare
system." The Journal of Supercomputing 75, no. 6 (2019): 3184-3216.

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enough time for contacting with the family so as to get past medical history of the patient.
Access to the IoT data is associated with making it possible to provide the data immediately
which in turn enhances the medical attention which is required by the patient. Besides this the
Iot is also associated with helping in making of charts for the patients which in absence of the
IoT solutions is going to take a lot of time. However the usage of the new technology it is
possible to complete this within hours by just simple voice commands.
Methodology
There has been a thorough reading and research on the topic to collect information
and understanding from the papers and journals which have been discussed and written on the
same topic. IOT medical devices like Apple watch and Fitbit was examined to see the
working and idea put to built those devices. Through this, the investigation was conducted
through various papers and journals to understand on how the security and privacy is
maintained26. The main concern of general IOT devices is security and privacy. The data
collected in medical field should be well maintained and confidential which is a great
challenge in terms of devices connected to internet. There has been many idea which are
implemented to avoid these kind of risk which will not only delay the procedure but also
cause serious issues related to the health risks.
Research Philosophy:
Research philosophy can be categorized into two different types, first one is
associated with including the positivism and the second one is associated with including
interpretivism. The entire interprtisvism theory is mainly associated with dealing with the
process of conducting an analysis of the entire process of research by following the data
which is obtained scientifically. Besides this in this type of philosophy any kind of
involvement of human is generally not described or defined. Research methods are of two
types which are associated with being prominent for conducting and leading the scholastic
research study. The positivism theory is the theory which is seen to be associated with
viewing each and every certified affirmations along with perceiving them along with the
clarifications and this in turn is associated with helping in separating the enquiry problems
26 Wu, Taiyang, Fan Wu, Jean-Michel Redouté, and Mehmet Rasit Yuce. "An autonomous wireless body area
network implementation towards IoT connected healthcare applications." Ieee Access 5 (2017): 11413-11422.

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which are seen to be associated with them27. Many researchers have been associated with
achieving the positivism theory by means of appraising all the information which are
available along with being associated with breaking down all the examination problems
which in turn is indicated by the truths or the verification recorded along with the bona fide
realties as well. It can be stated that the interpritivism theory is very much similar to the
positivism theory and the reason behind this is that it is associated with drawing up of the
problems from the perception of the peoples along with their determinations related to a
specific condition or a scene. All this operations would be operated by means of considering
the positivism in which the logical methods would be used as an important section of the
entire social research process.
Research approach:
Research is conducted generally by making use of two type of research approaches
and this includes the inductive and deductive approach. The deductive approach is considered
to be a very important approach for proceeding with the entire research and the reason behind
this is the profits which it achieves from the various kind of information associated with the
usage of the top-based approach along with being associated with involving someone who
would be responsible for reviewing the entire work done in the research. Besides this the
inductive approach which is used in the work for conducting the entire research is considered
to be superior and the reason behind this is the involvement of the processes which helps in
development of the innovative theories and the layout28. Besides this it is also associated with
enhancement of the examinations which are included in the fundamental period of
investigation by having certain objectives related to the increment of the information which
are sensitive in nature. The requirements are associated with the development of the
imperative theory in such a manner which is associated with helping in the enhancement of
the other speculation. For this particular type of scenario it is best to apply the deductive
approach which would be including the different type of truths along with implementation of
the technology along with the finding of the related problems. This type of research approach
is used as the project would not be associated with the development of any kind of new
layout or theories.
27 Thota, Chandu, Revathi Sundarasekar, Gunasekaran Manogaran, R. Varatharajan, and M. K. Priyan.
"Centralized fog computing security platform for IoT and cloud in healthcare system." In Fog Computing:
Breakthroughs in Research and Practice, pp. 365-378. IGI Global, 2018.
28 Elhoseny, Mohamed, Gustavo Ramírez-González, Osama M. Abu-Elnasr, Shihab A. Shawkat, N. Arunkumar,
and Ahmed Farouk. "Secure medical data transmission model for IoT-based healthcare systems." IEEE Access 6
(2018): 20596-20608.

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Research Design:
The research work is generally consisting of three different type of designs which are
associated with including the descriptive, exploratory and lastly the explanatory research
design. The exploratory design is generally seen to be associated with dealing with the
process of engagement of the researchers in the process of creating information for the topic
that is “IoT in detection of diseases and providing of treatment”. Followed by this is the
expressive outline which is considered to be one of the predominant frameworks in cases
when the objectives of the research are understood clearly at the researches beginning29.
Besides this the likelihood of risk occurrence along with the insights about the risks are
understood in a clear way. Contrarily there also exists few who are associated with
suggesting the usage of the spell bounding outline so as to finish the entire process of
research work. For this particular research the descriptive research design would be used
where some of the existing theories would be used along with conducting an analysis of the
literatures so as to conduct the entire research analysis.
Process of data collection:
The process of collecting the data can be classified into two different types which is
associated with including the secondary and primary data research technique. Information is
seen to be associated with playing a very vital role in the process of completing a project in a
successful manner. This data which are used by proceeding with the entire work might be
collected from the people or from the region which is being examined or from any other
sources. Auxiliary data is something which is generally defined as the data which is collected
from the reports which are published yearly or diaries or from the newspapers. For this
particular project plan the information which are required would be collected for the purpose
of satisfying the various objectives which the entire research work is having30. Besides this
the information is possible to be classified into two different forms based upon the form of
the accessibility along with the nature of the information that if it is subjective or quantitative.
For this particular project the collection of the primary data would be done form those
peoples who are associated with the usage of the different IoT devices so as to deal with
different kind of medical conditions. This research would be needing two type of data which
are namely the quantitative and the qualitative data. The quantitative data are generally
29 Gope, Prosanta, and Tzonelih Hwang. "BSN-Care: A secure IoT-based modern healthcare system using body
sensor network." IEEE sensors journal 16, no. 5 (2015): 1368-1376.
30 Salunke, Prashant, and Rasika Nerkar. "IoT driven healthcare system for remote monitoring of
patients." J. Modern Trend Sci. Technol 3, no. 06 (2017): 100-103.

18INTERNET OF THINGS IN HEALTHCARE
gathered by means of conducting surveys which are to be answered or responded by those
people who are associated with the usage of this particular technology31. However in this
research work the qualitative data would be used which is gathered from different scholarly
work done by others and form other sources such as government websites and newspapers.
Sampling:
This is generally considered to be technique which is associated with including the
process of selecting an appropriate objective for the purpose of gathering the data which ate
used for the research contemplates. The inspection method which is to be used is likely to be
classified into two different types which is associated with including the likelihood testing
technique and the non-likelihood research technique32. The likelihood research technique is
associated with including the achieving of same level of requirements which is to be chosen
in a proper way. However, it is possible to choose the populace of the objective in different
ways however for this particular case the analyst technique would be used for the purpose of
determining the populace of the objectives.
For this particular research both the sampling techniques would be used which means
the likelihood research technique would be used for the arbitrary determination of the
methods which would be used for the purpose of choosing the populace objective33. Besides
this the non-likelihood technique would be used for the purpose of choosing the chiefs for the
meetings and the specialists would be associated with choosing the administrators based upon
the skills and experiences related to leading the entire process of discussion.
Data Analysis Method
The entire research work would be conducted by making use of the qualitative data as
well as the quantitative data which would be done by making use of the data collection
methods that is by surveys and analysis of the scholarly works related to this particular
technology in the particular field. The data which are collected are analyzed critically along
31 Gupta, Punit, Deepika Agrawal, Jasmeet Chhabra, and Pulkit Kumar Dhir. "IoT based smart
healthcare kit." In 2016 International Conference on Computational Techniques in Information and
Communication Technologies (ICCTICT), pp. 237-242. IEEE, 2016.
32 Salahuddin, Mohammad A., Ala Al-Fuqaha, Mohsen Guizani, Khaled Shuaib, and Farag Sallabi.
"Softwarization of Internet of Things infrastructure for secure and smart healthcare." arXiv preprint
arXiv:1805.11011 (2018).
33 Jabbar, Sohail, Farhan Ullah, Shehzad Khalid, Murad Khan, and Kijun Han. "Semantic
interoperability in heterogeneous IoT infrastructure for healthcare." Wireless Communications and
Mobile Computing 2017 (2017).

19INTERNET OF THINGS IN HEALTHCARE
with being compared deeply with the data that are gathered form the surveys or the meeting
with the data that are collected from literary sources34. The conclusion of the interviews or the
results will also be analyzed and the data which are collected en researcher will locate that the
research objective is met or not The quantitative data will be analyzed using the Microsoft
Excel software which help the researcher to locate the differences between the qualitative and
quantitative data.
Expected outcomes
This research will give me a perception on how IOT devices have been useful in the
field of medicine and how it has made human life easier with all the sensors and smart
devices which are connected to the internet. The results which are generally expected from
this research would be associated with dealing with the various kind of issues which are
generally faced by the entire healthcare organizations which are associated with the usage of
the IoT devices for dealing with the different kind of healthcare conditions35. The literature of
research would be associated with enhancing the entire process of understanding of the
possible challenges which are to be faced by the IoT technology and the data analysis method
and would be helping in enhancement of the understanding of the present situation of the
research work. The outcomes of the research will help to make the city smarter by
implementing IoT devices
Enormous changes in the field of medicine with help of IOT devices such as Apple
watch, Fitbit, Cycore, Glucose monitoring devices and Insulin pens is so effective and has
made life easier with respect to managing and monitoring the needs36. It has not only helped
in monitoring but also collecting data and sending it to the doctors who will have a regular
check on their app or devices to see the patients conditions which saves time and energy in
many ways. Limitation and issues was understood with many readings of papers and journals
34 Lee, Carman Ka Man, Mei Na Cheng, and Chun Kit Ng. "IoT-based asset management system for
healthcare-related industries." International Journal of Engineering Business Management 7, no.
Godište 2015 (2015): 7-19.
35 Kumar, Priyan Malarvizhi, S. Lokesh, R. Varatharajan, Gokulnath Chandra Babu, and P.
Parthasarathy. "Cloud and IoT based disease prediction and diagnosis system for healthcare using
Fuzzy neural classifier." Future Generation Computer Systems 86 (2018): 527-534.
36 Kodali, Ravi Kishore, Govinda Swamy, and Boppana Lakshmi. "An implementation of IoT for
healthcare." In 2015 IEEE Recent Advances in Intelligent Computational Systems (RAICS), pp. 411-
416. IEEE, 2015.

20INTERNET OF THINGS IN HEALTHCARE
and will be reflecting the same in the final report with brief discussion and solutions to such
issues. Security and privacy concerns will also be discussed upon more research on the topic
with proper analysis and reading on the same.
Future work
Future work includes further research and reading on the topic, focusing on planning
and analysis with proper definition given for the security and privacy concerns, with some
investigation on the how device works and how the data is transferred. With the wider usage
of the internet the works related to usage of IoT in healthcare would be getting more focused
upon the implementation of the internet technology for the purpose of establishing the
systems which would be helping in communicating by making use of the internet so as to
have a better health. IoT or the Internet of Things is expected to be associated with ruling the
entire world in different kind of fields but would be associated with providing of more
benefits for the healthcare sector. Hence there is need of doing work with the designing of the
IoT based Smart healthcare systems so as to detect disease and provide immediate care.
PROGRAM OF WORK
Task Name Duration Start Finish
Project Summary 97 days Fri 3/1/19 Mon 7/15/19
project initiation 21 days Fri 3/1/19 Fri 3/29/19
Identification of the Topic 4 days Fri 3/1/19 Wed 3/6/19
Finalization of the Topic 6 days Thu 3/7/19 Thu 3/14/19
Finding of supervisor 6 days Fri 3/15/19 Fri 3/22/19
Registration and Signature 5 days Mon 3/25/19 Fri 3/29/19
Planning 25 days Mon 4/1/19 Fri 5/3/19
Conducting of Literature review 10 days Mon 4/1/19 Fri 4/12/19
Discussion with the Supervisor 5 days Mon 4/15/19 Fri 4/19/19
Development of project proposal 10 days Mon 4/22/19 Fri 5/3/19
Proposal 10 days Mon 5/6/19 Fri 5/17/19
Conduting of discussion with the supervisor 5 days Mon 5/6/19 Fri 5/10/19
Submission of the project proposal 5 days Mon 5/13/19 Fri 5/17/19
Analysis 11 days Mon 5/20/19 Mon 6/3/19
Conducting of Furthur analysis 5 days Mon 5/20/19 Fri 5/24/19
Research work 3 days Mon 5/27/19 Wed 5/29/19
Future work 2 days Thu 5/30/19 Fri 5/31/19
Discussion with the supervisor 1 day Mon 6/3/19 Mon 6/3/19

21INTERNET OF THINGS IN HEALTHCARE
Development Phase 29 days Tue 6/4/19 Fri 7/12/19
Development of a Sample project report 4 days Tue 6/4/19 Fri 6/7/19
Submission of the Sample project report 6 days Mon 6/10/19 Mon 6/17/19
Discussion with supervisor 12 days Tue 6/18/19 Wed 7/3/19
Final report development 7 days Thu 7/4/19 Fri 7/12/19
finalization and Submission 1 day Mon 7/15/19 Mon 7/15/19
Submission of the final report 1 day Mon 7/15/19 Mon 7/15/19

22INTERNET OF THINGS IN HEALTHCARE
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