Internet of Things (IoT) Applications

This assignment delves into the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT), examining its applications in various sectors. It highlights how IoT enables interconnected devices and data exchange, leading to innovations in manufacturing, healthcare, smart cities, and other domains. The assignment also touches upon the challenges and future directions associated with IoT development.

Running Head: IOT: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
Internet of Things (IOT): Security issues and solutions
Student’s name
Name of the Institute

IOT: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
Contents
1 Introduction to Internet of Things (IOT)...............................................................................................3
2 What is IOT and its applications...........................................................................................................4
3 Security and other issues and solutions.................................................................................................5
4 Conclusion............................................................................................................................................8
References...................................................................................................................................................9

IOT: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
1 Introduction to Internet of Things (IOT)
This is the era of new technologies and models, which are not only cost efficient, but
provides a lot of intelligence needed to make the decisions as well as provide convenience.
Internet of things (IOT) is one such popular disruptive technology that received much hype and
attention in the Gartner and other will known research organizations. However, lack of common
standards across devices, unanswered questions about dealing with the security and privacy
issues had slowdown the implementation of this technology. Also, it is the main theme of the
Industry 4.0, which refers to the current automation, and data exchanged processes in the
manufacturing industry. There has been a lot of research going on in this area by technological
giants like Google, IBM, manufacturing giants like Robert Bosch GMBH, General Electric and
other OEMs as well as top universities like Stanford and MIT schools (Liu, & Baiocchi, 2016).
The prime reason for this exhaustive research is that it is the promising technology and everyone
is looking for the unanswered questions before it become a revolution.
The purpose of this report is to discuss about the technologic basics, its application, benefits
and challenges, security issues as well as how these issues can be solved. The next big thing in
Internet of Things is the seamless user interface. Today, people want to minimize the use of
traditional interface like touch. The next generation user interface would be face control. Another
big thing in the Internet of Things infrastructure is voice control. Today people want that their
mobile phones should be unlocked with their voice and they also want to give instructions to
their car with voice. It is important to discuss the Internet of Things and its applications.

IOT: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
2 What is IOT and its applications
IOT is all about communication among the devices by the use of embedded sensors without
human intervention. Vehicle to vehicle communication, machine-to-machine communication,
wearable devices communication, smart televisions, thermostats are all examples of IOT
products. This automation has potential to solve the complex business problems and automate
the routine tasks. It will also provide convenience to people so that they can focus on their
important activities and mundane tasks will be handled by the systems. It has its applications in
almost all the industries from manufacturing to HealthCare to logistics Industry to name a few.
In Healthcare industry, there are few warble devices that can measure the blood pressure, heart
rate on continuous basis and can alert appropriate person whenever the data does not fall within
the limits (Gubbi, et al., 2013). There are smart app locks in which you can lock and unlock your
homes using your mobile phones without carrying any key. There are thermostats that can be
controlled by apps. Google has developed an APP called Google home where you can associate
all the IOT enabled devices together and control them using the app. How about turning the
thermostat from office when you are leaving for the home. There are shoes that can measure our
speed of walking. There are home lightning solutions based on the IOT. There are smart home
kitchens that can trigger a coffee brewing as soon as you had bath based on your daily schedule.
Such level of intelligence will really ease the life as well as solve complex business problems
when devices are intelligent enough to communicate with each other but this increased level of
interaction among the devices without human intervention can be risky also (Dermirkan,
Spohrer, & Welser, 2016). It is predicted by the experts that there will be more than 20 billion
devices IOT enabled by 2020. The most common and basic representation of Internet of Things
can be shown as:

IOT: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
The above diagram shows that different things are interconnected in the model of Internet
of Things. The prime force to connect all the things together is Internet. It is important that
organizations and individuals must have high speed Internet in place so that they can take the
complete benefits of Internet of Things. The key tenet in Internet of Things is connectivity
(Drucker, 2015). The entire concept of Internet of Things would fail in the absence of high speed
Internet.
3 Security and other issues and solutions
There are various benefits of Internet of Things. However, there are various security
concerns also. It is important that organizations must analyze various security concerns before
making any decision. At the same time, it is important that quality must be maintained. There are
two types of quality assurance i.e. internal assurance and external assurance that the project
manager should focus on for effective performance as part of Internet of Things infrastructure.
Internal assurance is for providing the quality report to the quality chief and management while
external quality assurance is providing the quality report to the external customers of the project.
As per quality assurance, there should be ongoing continuous improvements no matter how small
or big these improvements are. Some of the key issues for Internet of Things can be discussed as:

IOT: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
3.1 Data sovereignty: It is a big issue in using the IPT application. This means that data stored
in the digital format should be compliant to the laws and regulations of the country. To better
understand it, take an example of smart TV and thermostat devices that can be operated by
Google Home app. In this case, Google must be storing data about the person as well as various
devices. Now, google is storing its data in various clouds whose copies are stored at various
locations of the world (Jing, et al., 2014). Now, as per the EU (European Union), data generated
within the country and belonging to the people of the country should be stored within the country
and thus IOT device has to ensure it. Such type of data sovereignty issued needs to be solved
before IOT becomes accepted for widespread adoption. This issue can be solved by each vendor
clarifying where they are storing the data, how they are storing the data.
3.2 Data Authentication: IOT devices will have the capability to continuously watch for
incoming data continuously. It is possible that IOT device will come in contact with other IOT
devices as well as other users (Stankovic, 2014). Data authentication refers to the way of
controlling the communication so that IOT devices will communicate only with the authentic
users and devices and not with any other device. Therefore, there must be a setting or control in
place to protect the data from intruders. This issue can be controlled by having the one time
passcode for devices connection.
3.3 Data leakage and loss: Data leakage refers to the export of data by unauthorized users
during transfer between the devices. It is a very serious threat and is a big risk to the
confidentiality and integrity of the data. Data loss refers to loss of data due to failure of hardware
or software or due to natural calamity. Data leakage can be prevented by using DLP (data
leakage prevention) (Sadeghi, Wachsmann, & Waidner, 2015). In case of Data loss, it is not
possible to restore all the devices from backup for example how the IOT enabled shoes and IOT

IOT: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
enabled other devices will be restored unless they are having some internal memory also and if
they are making use of some cloud to store the data, then all the risks associated with the Cloud
adopting like multitenancy structure will be applicable to IOT also.
3.4 Modification of sensitive information: When data is getting transferred between the
sensors, it can be captured, modified and then forwarded to the device. Modification can be of
different types like changing content, changing sequence making message meaningless and time
modification resulting in replay attack. All these can have serious repercussions. To better
understand, think what will happen if IOT enabled medical device is attacked and ECG report of
patient is modified (Perera & Zaslavsky, 2014). It could lead to loss of a life.
3.5 Interoperability challenges/Lack of common standards: Due to lack of commons
standards, there are often compatibility issues and often the IOT enabled device which is using
the Philips Chips is not able connect to the device using Chip of Intel. All such incompatibilities
should be resolved for more sharing and communication among the devices (Sadeghi,
Wachsmann, & Waidner, 2015).
3.6 Lack of infrastructure: It is another challenge. IOT needs high speed Internet that is
available in big cities but what about small to medium cities. There are many things that will not
work or simply fail in absence of fast network. Think what will happen to smart vehicle, which is
using GPRS in area where Internet is very slow. How the vehicle will react in absence of
Internet. This kind of study must be presented to make the use of IOT more convincing (Lee, &
Lee, 2015). Moreover, the slow speed of Internet in rural areas us due to constraint of high cost.
One way to resolve this is to use Satellite application catapult should be used.

IOT: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
The security challenges could be overcome with an effective security policy in place. It is
important that the systems should be protected with antivirus and firewall. There should also be a
provision of two-step authentication system that would ensure that intrusion is not possible. It
would be correct to say that the combination of different security techniques would help the
organizations to take complete benefits of Internet of Things (Da Xu & He, 2014).
4 Conclusion
The above paper discusses various aspects of Internet of Things. With the above discussion
it can be said that there is no doubt IOT is a very promising technology with huge potential but
another truth is that every new technology has lot of issues and problems when it is in nascent
stages and these issues must be resolved for the widespread acceptance of the technology. IOT is
in nascent stages with lot of research going on by big technological giants as well as
manufacturing countries and once these issues are resolved, IOT will become a revolution. Each
new technology faces a huge resistance initially however the only thing constant is change. It is
expected that the penetration of Internet of Things would further increase with time. There could
be further improvements in the quality under Internet of Things. In order to implement quality
controls, it is very important that organization must define a dedicated a quality plan clearly
defining the quality standards that will be applicable to the projects and how the quality
requirements will be achieved the cost, time and other considerations to achieve the quality. One
of the most important and basic premises of quality control is that quality must be built and
planned in the system rather than inspection.

IOT: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
References
Da Xu, L., He, W., & Li, S. (2014). Internet of things in industries: A survey. IEEE Transactions
on industrial informatics, 10(4), 2233-2243.
Demirkan, H., Spohrer, J. C., & Welser, J. J. (2016). Digital Innovation and Strategic
Transformation. IT Professional, 18(6), 14-18.
Drucker, P. F. (2015). Internet of Things. European Commission Information Society and Media.
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision,
architectural elements, and future directions. Future generation computer systems, 29(7),
1645-1660.
Gyrard, A., Datta, S. K., Bonnet, C., & Boudaoud, K. (2015, August). Cross-domain Internet of
Things application development: M3 framework and evaluation. In Future Internet of
Things and Cloud (FiCloud), 2015 3rd International Conference on (pp. 9-16). IEEE.
Jing, Q., Vasilakos, A. V., Wan, J., Lu, J., & Qiu, D. (2014). Security of the internet of things:
Perspectives and challenges. Wireless Networks, 20(8), 2481-2501.
Lee, I., & Lee, K. (2015). The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and
challenges for enterprises. Business Horizons, 58(4), 431-440.
Liu, X., & Baiocchi, O. (2016, October). A comparison of the definitions for smart sensors,
smart objects and Things in IoT. In Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile
Communication Conference (IEMCON), 2016 IEEE 7th Annual (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

IOT: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., & Georgakopoulos, D. (2014). Context aware computing
for the internet of things: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 16(1), 414-
454.
Sadeghi, A. R., Wachsmann, C., & Waidner, M. (2015, June). Security and privacy challenges in
industrial internet of things. In Design Automation Conference (DAC), 2015 52nd
ACM/EDAC/IEEE (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Stankovic, J. A. (2014). Research directions for the internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things
Journal, 1(1), 3-9.