Interprofessional Approaches to Service Delivery in Hospice Care

This report discusses the impact of current health and social care provision on hospice service delivery, models for successful delivery of hospice care, skills and qualities required by practitioners for collaborative care management, and the impact of positive relationship and boundary spanning on promotion of effective practices of hospice care.

Interprofessional Approaches
to Service Delivery

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................4
Impact of current health and social care provision on hospice service delivery.........................4
Models for successful delivery of hospice care...........................................................................4
Skills and qualities required by practitioners for collaborative care management in hospice
care...............................................................................................................................................5
Impact of positive relationship and boundary spanning on promotion of effective practices of
hospice care.................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Hospice care refers to the type of health care which completely focuses the mitigation of a
terminally ill patient's painfulness or evidences and attending to their affective or spiritual
requirements at the end of their life. This specific care precedence appropriate quality and
comfort level of life within the services with the help of reducing the pain and sufferings.
Hospice is designed for special situations in which the patient is unable to cure and even the
patient chooses not to undergo for certain treatments (Ning, 2019). Palliative care is also similar
to the hospice care as these both helps in order to provide comfort. Palliative care starts begin
with diagnosis of the disease or at the similar time of treatment while the Hospice care begins
after treatment of the disease which had been stopped and when the situation is clear that the
person will not go to survive the illness. Thus, palliative care plays a significant part in the
Hospice care as this improves the quality of life of patients as well as their families who are
facing challenging situations that are associated with the life threatening illness in physical,
social, psychological or spiritual manner.
Palliative care supports the patient cared center in collaborative manner and taken place
through team work. Hence, both the care process requires professional partnerships among each
other. This also fulfil the concepts of patient centred approach which is extremely required to
treat people with and preserve, dignity in care settings (Casey, 2019). People who are receiving
palliative care are in one group which have sensitive requirements in context of symptoms,
condition and life expectancy. This report will illustrate the concepts in detailed manner by
explaining current health and social care provision in public, private and voluntary firms along
with the skills and qualities which is required by practitioners for collaborative care
management. Apart from this, the study will also highlight the aspects of enhancement of
positive relationship along with boundaries that span impacts over the promotion of effective
practices.

MAIN BODY
Impact of current health and social care provision on hospice service delivery
Before discussing roles and impact of private, public and voluntary sector in hospice service
delivery, it is important to know hospice service. In regard to this it can be said that it is a type of
health care in which healthcare professionals focus on palliation of terminally ill patients’ pain
and dealing their emotional as well as medical needs.
Private: Hospice care is free and private sector organisations play a vital role in
improving health of patients. They collaborate with NHS and public sector organisations and by
suggesting better ways, they make healthcare professionals able in improving health Finucane &
et.al. (2019). They provide appropriate resources to public and voluntary sector organisations
and support them in providing qualitative services to patients.
Public: Public sector organisations also play a vital role in improving health of patients
by understanding emotional and spiritual needs of patients. Public sector organisations focus on
improving relations with patients as they believe that improved and positive relations can make
them able in improving decision making process. They work in collaboration with other private
sector of organisations and on the basis of recommendations they develop strategies. It improves
relations with all stakeholders including: family members, care givers, hospice staff, physicians
and patients.
Voluntary: As like private and public sector, voluntary sector also plays an important role in
providing qualitative hospice care to patients. NHS and WHO has developed some guidelines
and voluntary sector organisations are encouraged to abide all rules of such policies. It protects
them against lawsuit. By abiding all rules and working in an ethical manner, they can make
patients feel safe and secure. Making patients feel safe and valued is the key of improving health
outcomes in hospice care Singhai & et.al. (2020).
So, on the basis of above discussed all health and care provisions on hospice service, it can
be said that by working collaboratively, they can improve health outcomes.
Models for successful delivery of hospice care
There are number of models that can be used for successful delivery of hospice care such as:

Holistic care: It is an effective model as a practice that has healing the whole person as a
goal. This model plays a vital role as it encourages healthcare providers to treat each patient as
an individual participant in their own care and taking their preference into account instead of
only focusing on their physical ailments Supriyanto, Setyawan & Lestari, (2019). There are 5
main areas on which this model focuses the most while providing and dealing with patients such
as: physical, social, emotional, spiritual and cognitive.
Integrated services: This service model is a team based and client focused approach that
is being used by healthcare professionals in providing qualitative health and social care services.
This model relies on resources reservation mechanism in order to effectively reserve resources in
the network for critical flows. It makes able to healthcare providers to provide continuum of
preventive and curative services. By getting continuous and qualitative care, patients with
holistic care can improve their overall health.
Vanguards: Vanguard programs in healthcare refers a series of attempts by which
healthcare professionals focus on transforming their styles so that they can meet patients’ needs
in an effective manner. It is developed for satisfying emotional as well as financial needs of
patients. The main aim of using this model is to decrease patients’ stay rate in hospital by
providing them qualitative services in a timely manner. by doing so, healthcare professionals can
decrease patients and organisational overall cost. This model makes healthcare professionals able
to coordinate with others so that they can become flexible as well as responsive to the needs of
people with hospice care Bunn & et.al. (2020).
On the basis of above discussed models, it can be said that these should be implemented
for increasing health outcomes and to boost confidence of patients. It can decrease mortality rate
and can make patients feel emotionally strong.
Skills and qualities required by practitioners for collaborative care management in hospice care
Hospice care starts after treatment of the disease is stopped and when healthcare
professionals understand that patient is not going to survive the illness but still they try to
improve overall health. On the basis of this definition or care type, it can be said that patients
need emotional support to the great extent. There are number of skills that are required to possess
by health care professional in order to provide qualitative hospice care to patients such as:

Communication: Communication is one of the main skill that healthcare professionals
needs to possess for dealing with patients of hospice needs. Patients with hospice care, needs to
have someone who can listen to them and can understand their needs Hökkä & et.al. (2020). By
having an active listening skill and an ability to interact with patient, healthcare professional can
make them feel valued. It can help them out in engaging patients in hospice care.
Time management: Dealing with patients of hospice care is not an easy task as
healthcare professionals need to collaborate with multidisciplinary team. For working in a team
in an effective manner and completing all tasks in a timely manner, healthcare professionals need
to have an ability to prioritise tasks and providing care in a timely manner.
Critical thinking: In hospice care, healthcare professionals need to decide critically as
number of ethical dilemmas occur. They need to think in both positive and negative manner in
order to make an effective decision. This thinking helps them out in providing qualitative care by
improving decision while working in multidisciplinary team. This skill helps them out in
accessing the situation and responding accordingly and developing a plan of action. Critical
thinking is not just limited with thinking in positive and negative manner but it consists of
introductory and conclusion justification, distinguish of facts and evaluation of credibility
Kessler & et.al. (2019). So, on the basis of this, it can be said that by having this skill, healthcare
professionals can improve decision and accordingly can develop an effective action plan.
Team working: As it is stated that healthcare professionals need to make complex
decision while dealing with patients of hospice care needs. So, they need to collaborate with
multidisciplinary team, family members of patient and for that they need to have an ability to
work in a team. Some people prefer to work individually but in healthcare, care providers prefer
working in a group. When they work in a team then they are more likely to increase their
knowledge, skills and ways of dealing with patients.
Openness: It is important for healthcare professionals to make patients feel valued and
comfortable and it is possible only when healthcare professionals have openness skill. When
healthcare professionals possess this skill then they are more likely to engage with patients,
embrace new things, fresh ideas and novel experience.
Patience: Caring for ill and sick people require a great deal of patience. It is important
for care providers to remain calm and fulfil needs of patients. Requesting patients and interacting

with them in a calm manner, makes patients feel valued and it gives them a better experience. It
keeps their frustration low and make them able in improving health outcomes.
Professional values: Along with interpersonal skills, care providers need to have an
ability and understanding of professional values. They need to abide all rules of healthcare
policies. By abiding all rules and performing functions in a professional manner, they can protect
themselves against lawsuits Artico & et.al. (2022). They are more likely to accomplish care
needs as well; as positive health outcomes.
Respecting others: Healthcare professionals need to make patients feel valued and
motivated. They need to encourage patients to improve their own health because in hospice care,
patients do not have hopes as they know that there are few chances to recover. But healthcare
professionals can boost their confidence and for that, they need to have an awareness about
different cultures and values.
By having all these skills, hospice care can be improved and healthcare professionals can
increase collaborative care experience.
Impact of positive relationship and boundary spanning on promotion of effective practices of
hospice care
Positive relationship: Positive relationship in healthcare plays a vital role as it refers a
relation between healthcare professionals and patients in which both support, help and encourage
each other practically and emotionally to get positive health outcomes. Positive relations can be
developed between healthcare professionals and patients when care providers have an effective
communication, empathy and shared decision making skills. When patients feel comfortable and
share their views openly with healthcare providers then this relation can be considered as
positive relation in hospice care.
Boundary spanning: Boundary spanning can be defined as an ability to set course,
dedication as well as alignment across boundaries. In other words, it can be said that it refers a
leadership capability that creates direction as well as commitment across organisations to achieve
a higher goal Harkness, (2020). In hospice care, professionals need to align within this sector so
that they can provide qualitative services to patients.
Both of these plays a vital role in healthcare as it makes health care professionals able in
working in a healthcare team in an effective manner and accomplish common health goal.

Nurse and patients’ relations play a vital role in improving practice and health outcomes in
hospice care.
Helps in addressing emotional and spiritual needs: When nurses and healthcare
providers have improved and positive relations with patients then they are more likely to
understand emotional needs of patients. Understanding emotional and spiritual needs is the main
key of improved health outcomes in hospice care. It boosts confidence of patients and increases a
sense of belongingness. It increases hopes among patients for living a healthy life. It makes
patients’ feel valued and motivated and they are more likely to express their feelings.
Increase patients’ engagement: When child care providers have positive and improved
relations with patents in hospice care then it increases patients’ engagement level. Patients are
more likely to become an active participation in treatment and other process Nutbeam & Muscat,
(2021). It boosts their confidence and they help out healthcare providers in successful
implementation of treatment. When patients in hospice care engage then it becomes easier for
healthcare providers to improve health and decreasing patients’ hospital stay rate.
Improve decision making: As it is known that improved nurse-patient’s relations
increase engagement level. When patients engage in treatment process and cooperate healthcare
providers then health care providers find easier in improving decision. They can make decision
regarding providing treatment to patients and improving overall health of patients. By
understanding emotional and spiritual needs of patients, healthcare providers can take better
decision and can provide qualitative care.
It is found that boundary spanning is all about the role of individuals who work in a group
but have ties across boundaries. This boundary spanning can also affect practices of hospice care
such as:
Improves critical analysis skills: When health care providers work in a group then it
increases their knowledge and they are more likely to understand different ways of performing
functions. Group working improves relations of healthcare providers with multidisciplinary team
and they are more likely to improve their decision. It increases their critical analysis ability and
by thinking in a critical manner, they can take better decisions. They are more likely to gather
detailed information and bringing innovation within workplace. This innovation and creative
ideas make them able in improving health outcomes Elkjaer, Lotz & Mossfeldt Nickelsen,
(2021).

On the basis of above discussed effectiveness of boundary spanning and positive relations, it
can clearly be said that care providers need to focus on working in a team. By working in a team
with multidisciplinary team and interacting with patients, they can build positive relations and
can accomplish goals.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it had been concluded that hospice care is significantly improves
the quality of life of patients at their last life stages and also assist to reduce the pain and
effective symptom management. This care provides extra assistance, instruction and support for
the overall family members of the patient. Collaboration between the palliative care and hospice
care helps to support patient centred care and takes place appropriately in team work.
Thus, it requires complete team interactions, broad company issues and environmental
structures which includes quality, safety, efficiency and effectiveness of issues that influence the
overall care model. The above report productively helped to explain current health and social
care provisions with the involvement of private, public as well as voluntary establishments.
Apart from this, the report had also contributed their part in order to illustrate the aspects of
qualities and skills required by practitioners along with enhancement of positive relationship and
boundary spanning impacts over the promotion for specific collaborative care management.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Bunn, F. & et.al. (2020). Setting priorities to inform assessment of care homes’ readiness to
participate in healthcare innovation: a systematic mapping review and consensus
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Casey, D. (2019). Hospice and Palliative Care: What's the Difference? Medsurg Nursing. 28(3).
pp.196-197.
Elkjaer, B., Lotz, M. M., & Mossfeldt Nickelsen, N. C. (2021). Coordination as Integration–The
Dilemmas When Organizing Inter-professional Teams at a Hospice. In Current
Practices in Workplace and Organizational Learning (pp. 37-54). Springer, Cham.
Finucane, A. M. & et.al. (2019). The impact of population ageing on end-of-life care in
Scotland: projections of place of death and recommendations for future service
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adults. Nursing made Incredibly Easy, 18(5), 26-32.
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Ning, X. (2019). Hospice and palliative care research in mainland China: current status and
future
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Supriyanto, S., Setyawan, F. E. B., & Lestari, R. (2019). Enhancing Family Medicine Practice in
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