Intervention Program and Group Process

This document discusses the development of an evidence-based intervention program for abused victims suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It explores the ways in which intervention will be conducted and the steps involved in developing the program. The document also discusses the different types of interventions used for PTSD and how they can help in reducing symptoms and improving mental health. The intervention planning, preparation, and execution process are also explained.

INTERVENTION PROGRAM AND
GROUP PROCESS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPIC
INTRODUCTION
TASK 2A
Ways in which intervention will be conducted
Intervention planning, preparation and execution
CONCLUSION
REREFENCES

TOPIC
Post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) amongst abused victims
INTRODUCTION
Intervention can be defined as a kind of action which is taken in order to bring
improvement within someone’s medical condition or disorder. In order to treat a patient with any
kind of medical issue, condition or disorder it is important to select proper and appropriate
intervention so that improvement within an individua’s condition can be brought. Whenever an
individual is suffering from a psychological disorder then it is important to focus on group
intervention (Sanchez & et. al., 2017). Group interventions can be defined as therapies or format
of several individuals taking part in psychological intervention that focuses on helping such
individuals to deal with changes or deal with the long- lasting problems that they have
encountered with the help of guidance provided by therapist, counsellor or practitioners. It has
been observed that whenever a victim is abused then in such case, they most commonly suffer
from post- traumatic stress disorder. In order to treat such individuals group interventions are
required so that their current condition can be improved. These group interventions are different
for children suffering from PTSD and adults who suffer from PTSD.
Aim:
The aim of this assignment is to focus on development of an evidence- based intervention
program so that improvement within abused victims who are suffering from Post- traumatic
stress disorder.
TASK 2A
Possible outcomes
Most of the times anxiety disorder is characterised because of fear of a situation which
normal people do not find threatening. But Post- traumatic stress disorder is completely different
from anxiety disorder. It is a result of response to an experience that causes terror or trauma to
the people (Aydin & et. al., 2016) . People who have suffered any kind of abuse are result
victims and even if them comes out of their traumatic experience they suffer from stress disorder
after their traumatic experience because of which it is known as PTSD (Post- traumatic stress
disorder). In order to bring improvement within such individuals condition psychological
intervention programs should be focused on (Cordova, Riba and Spiegel, 2017). There are
various kinds of group interventions that can help in bringing improvement within their
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psychological condition. Group interventions include various kinds of interventions and many
people participate in it so that improvement within psychological condition of the abused victim
can be brought and impact of PTSD.
Group therapy is one of the most promising psychological treatment which is being
practised within Group interventions can be defined as therapies or format of several individuals
taking part in psychological intervention that focuses on helping such individuals to deal with
changes or deal with the long- lasting problems that they have encountered with the help of
guidance provided by therapist, counsellor or practitioners. I, health and social care settings
especially for individuals who are suffering from any kind of mental disorder or issues. These
group therapies are mostly practised by qualified mental health professionals such as
psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, psychiatric nurses, psychiatric social workers
and occupational therapists specialized in mental health (Shin & et. al., 2017). Within group
intervention program such individuals participate but among these individuals group therapist is
one of the main and active participant who focuses on helping other group members to
understand what is the main issue or problem which is being faced by the individuals so that all
the group members can focus on that particular problem and reduction in negative symptom can
be done, motivational level of such individuals can be enhanced and their disorder can be
reduced and lastly improvement within their overall condition can be bought.
Development of intervention for Post- traumatic stress disorder
In order to develop group intervention for Post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) amongst
abused victims first of all it is important to understand what kind of abuse they have suffered and
how long they were suffering from the abuse (Edmondson and von Känel, 2017). This will help
all the group members of the group intervention to understand level till which the abused victim
is suffer from Post- traumatic stress disorder. This analysis will help in group formation so that
individuals who are required to be included within the intervention program can be selected
(Scott & et. al., 2018). While forming group for an effective intervention following things are
focused on, number of individuals participating in the program, frequency of group sessions,
time period till which this intervention will last, age range of group members as per the
seriousness of the case and order in which therapies, counselling, medical treatment etc
(Liberzon and Abelson, 2016). will be provided to the abused victim suffering from PTSD.
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Steps in which intervention will be developed are:
 Decision of which is required to be done. In this analysis of current condition of the abused
victim will be done so that focus of the intervention can be decided. Like in this case abused
victim is required to be motivated, change within their behaviour is required to be brought,
changes in environment that are required to be brought.
 Usage of measurement system in order to gather information. Using appropriate
measurement system, information about current health condition of the patient can be gained
in order to be analysed that with time such conditions would get doubled or will reduce.
 Involve end users and potential clients of the intervention life close Friends or family of the
patient who can participate within the intervention and focus on enhancing overall condition
of the abused patient.
 Identify and analyse issue. It is required to be analysed that what kind of abuse victim has
suffered. Who were the individuals who were abusing the victim and in what ways?
 Set goals and objectives. On the basis of analysis of above information main goals and
objectives of the group intervention program can be set. So that abused victim can overcome
their Post- traumatic stress disorder.
Interventions used for post-traumatic stress disorder
Various kinds of research have been carried out in this field that clearly explains that stress
hormones enhance memory consolidation because of which abused victim again and again
mentally experience their past abusive experience and it becomes difficult for them to overcome
from their trauma experience. There are two main types of interventions that can be focused on
and provided to the victim who has suffered abuse: first is psychological interventions in which
therapies are provided to the individual so that they can overcome stress disorder (Lehavot & et.
al., 2018). Second is pharmacological intervention in which various kinds of medicines or drugs
are provided to the individuals so that their post- trauma stress disorder symptoms can be
reduced and mental health can be enhanced. Some of the most common types of drugs that are
provided to such patients are: propranolol, morphine, glucocorticoids, and selective serotonin-
reuptake inhibitors (Thabet, Thabet and Vostanis, 2018). These drugs help the individual to relax
their muscles, nervous system blood pressure etc. so that they can cope up with their stress
disorder. Some of the most common type of psychological interventions that can be used for
such individuals are: cognitive- behaviour therapy (CBT), psychological first aid (PFA), critical
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incident stress management (CISM), critical incident stress debriefing (CISD). These are one of
the main therapies that can help an induvial to overcome their negative experience.
Psychological debriefing is an intervention in which abused victim is educated about
normal reaction to any kind of traumatic abuse and encourage them to share their experience.
One of the most common type of Psychological debriefing intervention is CISD. CISD is a
secondary intervention which is developed so that individuals can be indirectly exposed to
traumatic abusive event victim has gone through. It is a three to four hours long session in which
all the team members of group interventions are involved so that they can get familiar with all
the mental health professionals and help the victim to overcome their disorder. CISM is an
expanded version of CISD that majorly focuses on reducing sensitivity of the victim related to
the traumatic stress (Usta & et. al., 2016). This method helps the victim to cope up with the stress
and participate within the intervention. In this process if any kind of psychological service is
required to be provided to the individuals.
PFA is a systematic set of actions that helps in reducing Post- traumatic stress disorder
and also helps in supporting the victim’s adaptive functioning. PFA is based upon few core
actions such as: connection with social support, practical assessment, information on coping
support. It requires clinical assessment, clinical judgement, constraints that are required to be
overcome. It is one of the most important intervention which is essential for such victims who
have survived abusive incident. It is important because it can be delivered anywhere as per the
convenience of the victim. Other than this CBT is another intervention that focuses on coping
skills, cognitive restructuring that helps the victim to cope up with the trauma. Victim is
provided with numerous sessions of CBT therapy so that they can develop skills in order to
overcome within their stress disorder. Other than this, coping skills therapy is another
intervention in which relaxation training is provided to the patient (Usta & et. al., 2016). This
therapy includes education, muscle relaxation training, breathing retraining, role playing and
many more so that coping skills within the victim can be developed so that cope up with any
kind of situation. These therapies can last for 90 minutes and requires at least 14 to 15 sessions.
Ways in which intervention will be conducted
The intervention needs to be conducted properly so that patient needs is fulfilled. For this there
are several ways in which it can be done. But it depends on type of intervention program and its
nature. Also, resources and manpower is required to conduct those. They are described as
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Here, first of all the patient needs will be identified and then they will be segregated on basis of
needs. Then, on daily basis the intervention program will be conducted. There will be particular
time of conduct of those programs that is within 4- 5 hours.
In that different types of activities will be conducted such as learning and development. Here,
focus will be on improving the psychological ability of people. Along with it, this intervention
program will be conducted by expert and social care workers. They will take session on various
days and make interact with patients. Here sessions will be of 2-3 hours per day.
The CISD program will be conducted in session. Here, each member will attend one patient and
analyse their needs. It will be like a interview type in which by asking questions to patient stress
will be reduced.
The CISM intervention will be conducted via physical activity. Here, nurse will allow patient to
participate in physical activity such as role play, watching videos, etc there will be several
sessions held of it where things are done
CBT program will be conducted with help of various therapies given to patient on activity and
task. In that therapy given will be short and solving problems (Olff, 2017). For example, puzzle
and quiz games
The coping skills therapy will be conducted by role play. Here, patient will be asked to do
various role play. Also, yoga and exercise training session will be conducted for it.
So, in these ways intervention program will be conducted. This will depend on type of patients
and their needs. Along with it, the change in program will be made in basis of session. Thus, on
various days both short and long session of program will be conducted. Therefore, both
psychological and pharmacological intervention program will be conducted. It will help in
reducing stress of traumatic patient.
Intervention planning, preparation and execution
It is necessary to do proper planning, preparation and execution of implementing intervention so
that it is properly implemented. This enables in obtaining relevant outcomes as well. Here, CISD
intervention program will be conducted. It is a critical incident stress debriefing. This will help in
the reducing stress within patient suffering from traumatic stress. The Group intervention
program is selected in this. Group interventions can be defined as therapies or format of several
individuals taking part in psychological intervention that focuses on helping such individuals to
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deal with changes or deal with the long- lasting problems that they have encountered with the
help of guidance provided by therapist, counsellor or practitioners. Similarly, for above
intervention they will be executed as below
Planning- in this first of all proper planning will be done of CISD intervention program is to be
conducted and how. Furthermore, what type of process will be followed in it. Moreover, it will
be planned that to what type of patients and how many of them will be included in this program.
An intervention team is formed that consists of health professional, lawyer, police officer,
Counsellor, Psychiatrist, etc these all be called and they are allowed to do planning on it. So,
here social support of patients that is family and friends are included in it. Then, follow up
process will be done to analyse impact of intervention program. Moreover, further planning will
be done on how to conduct CISD session. The sessions will be conducted on alternative days.
Other than this, planning will be done on how to take follow up. For it first of all weekly follow
up is taken. In this intervention team will discuss with patients and their family member. Then,
further planning will be done on what type of intervention is suitable. The member will discuss it
with one another in a meeting. The same plan will be followed with other members as well. If
successful then patient number will be increased to 20.
Preparation- in this preparation is done to conduct the CIST program. For that the above plan is
executed. Now here an intervention team is hired who will be responsible for doing this. In order
to conduct session an open area will be prepared where all necessary equipment are present. For
those patients who are critical session will be held in close room. In that open area it will be
covered and table and chairs is placed. Apart from it, time and date of session will be prepared.
Moreover, the expert and staff will prepare a blue print of what activities will be conducted and
how. Besides that, a check list will be prepared in which what questions are to be asked, how
family and friends will be involved in it. Thus, overall process of CISD is developed in it. On
each alternative day one member of intervention team will conduct session. The process will
remain same and it will allow in making things easy to execute plan. The follow up meeting will
be conducted by team members in room. It will be done in monthly basis.
Execution – At last CISD program will be executed. In this a small group of patients that is 10
will be included. The program will be conducted by intervention team. Here, each team member
will handle 2 patient. The health professional will work with other people like lawyer. There will
be 1 session per day of 2-3 hours. In that nurse and lawyer will ask the patient of what happened,
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they will note down in diary. After taking answer of first question then second will be asked. In
this way entire process is followed. So, each team member will interact with patients in same
way. Furthermore, CISD program will be conducted in step by step phases as mentioned in plan.
Then, data collected by team members will be discussed with doctors or family member.
Besides, information gathered by then will be analysed. After that, team will do a meeting where
they will discuss further planning and now program will be held at patient place.
After the execution of plan its follow up will be taken by intervention team. They will contact
with patients or family members on phone to find out impact of program. With this it will be
easy for them to analyse that whether program was benefit or not. Then, according to it they will
make changes in it or conduct some other intervention program on patient. In this way, by taking
continuous follow up patient stress can be reduced. Group therapy is one of the most promising
psychological treatment which is being practised within Group interventions can be defined as
therapies or format of several individuals taking part in psychological intervention that focuses
on helping such individuals to deal with changes or deal with the long- lasting problems that they
have encountered with the help of guidance provided by therapist,
There are different processes and methods are used by the people to improve their
physical and mental conditions of patient Post traumatic stress disorder amongst abused victims.
The intervention is one of the best effective process which is used by people to improve the
recovery rate in people. there are different processes and methods are used by the health care
providers to increase the recovery rate of the people who are suffering from Post traumatic stress
disorder. In this case various people and authors have provided various views in order to develop
intervention program to avoid health conditions in physical and mental health standards of
people (Shalev, Liberzon & Marmar, 2017). In health and social care organization there are
different people who are suffering from same disease are provided with intervention program in
order to improve their health condition in effective manner. These processes which are used by
the health can social care organization are known as group therapy sessions that can help the
organization to improve the recovery rate of people. There are various process can be used by the
organization to develop better processes in order to provide better support to people(Cordova,
Riba & Spiegel, 2017). the processes which are used by the health care official in order to
develop various processes in order to develop better processes in order to provide better solution
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to the people in order to improve the health conditions of the patients who needs personal care to
the people.
Some of the major process which can be used by the organization to provide different
type of care to the people in order to improve their health condition of people with better health
condition to develop their heath conditions and mental conditions of the people who are suffering
from Post traumatic stress disorder (Edmondson & von Känel, 2017). The intervention program
starts with diagnosis for Post traumatic stress disorder. There are different diagnosis processes
can be used by the organization to analyse the health condition of the people. major diagnosis
process which are used by the people to evaluate their health condition. Some of the major tests
that are suggested by the authors to suggest people to perform health analysis of people. For
example various processes that can be used by the organization are- perform a physical exam, do
a psychological evaluation, Use the criteria in diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
disorder. There are treatment process that can be used in the group processes which can be used
by the people which are- organization can help the people to provide better processes to the
people to address various symptoms of Post traumatic stress disorder. Self improvement
processes also can be used by the organization to develop process that can help the people to
improve their own conditions. People also can be provided with processes to avoid various
symptoms in different conditions. People can be provided with various processes in order to
improve the health condition of the people. Different treatment that can be provided to the people
are psychotherapy and medication (Gong, Kamboj & Curran 2019). These are various processes
that can help the people in Psychological theory. The therapy that are used in the psychotherapy
are- Cognitive Therapy, Exposure Therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and reprocessing.
There are different processes which can be used in the medication process are Antidepressants,
anti anxiety medication and prazosin are used in the medication processes.
These people can be provided with cognitive therapy in order to perform recovery health
of patients of Post traumatic stress disorder. In this process people need to improve the thinking
process of the patients. This process help the patients to recognise the way that can be used by
the patient to come over the issues currently faced by them in condition of Post traumatic stress
disorder (Seriès, 2019). This is most common therapy which is used by the nursing staff for the
intervention of the stress after the trauma. The exposure therapy is also known as behavioural
therapy that can help patient to safely face both conditions and memories that can make a person
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frightening. Through therapy patient learns to face the situation of stress after the trauma
conditions. In this therapy the patients are motivated to fight from the situation to reduce the
level of stress and show faster and effective recovery. By this process without medication
conditions of the patients can be improved. The last process that is used in the recovery and
intervention of the people also known as eye movement process to improve the thinking to react
effectively to the traumatic condition. The other process that is used in the intervention program
is known as medication process. in this case patients of Post traumatic stress disorder are
provided with suitable medicines to improve their health conditions to avoid such issues with
memories and trauma of the accident. Thee medicines which are provided to the people are anti
depression, anti anxiety and prazosin. These processes can help the person to come over the
depression, anxiety and other issues that are related to the Post traumatic stress disorder.
CONCLUSION
This is report is providing critical information regarding Post traumatic stress disorder
and intervention process that is used in the treatment process of people who are suffering from
these conditions. There are different interventions are used by the health and social care
organization to the people who are suffering from Post traumatic stress disorder. There are
various diagnosis processes can be used by the organization to analyse their conditions to select
appropriate methods to treat them effectively. Work of the various people has been analysed in
the report to find various process that can be used to evaluate the treatment or intervention
process to improve the health and mental conditions of the people. All the group intervention
processes that are used for people who are suffering from Post traumatic stress disorder. All the
process has been evaluated in the report.
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