Health and Social Care Assessment

This report analyzes health and social care issues in the London Borough of Southwark, focusing on cardiovascular disease (CVD). It examines demographic profiles, health inequalities, social determinants of health, policy issues, and public health provisions. The report highlights the impact of social determinants on CVD prevalence and explores the effectiveness of existing policies and public health initiatives in addressing these challenges.

Introducing Health and Social
Care Assessment

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Demographic Profile of London Borough..................................................................................1
Health issues London Borough...................................................................................................1
Health inequalities.......................................................................................................................2
Social determinants of health......................................................................................................2
Policy issues................................................................................................................................3
Public Health Provisions in Borough..........................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Health and social care is a term which is related to the services which are particular
available from health and social care providers. Present report is based up the health issues which
are present in the society and how this social impacts on people’s health in the chosen area
(Baldwin, 2016). There are various social determinants which determine circumstances in which
individuals are grow, live and die. All these will be shaped according to allocation of resources,
power and money at regional, international and global level.
MAIN BODY
Demographic Profile of London Borough
London, Borough of Southwark is amongst highly populated areas in south London
forming part of inner London as compared to other areas of London and has the population of
more than 244,866 in a given area as per the 2001 census (London Borough Profiles and Atlas,
2019). London, Borough has got the geographical ethnicity of 8% of black Caribbean and 63%
of Black African. According to the census of 2011 the male and female ratio is 43:57.London,
Borough of Southwark consists mostly of young population as compared to other areas, the area
has got the median age of 32.9 years as compared to other parts of London.
About 92% of Southwark population is under the age of 65 years which is considered
much higher population as compared to the national average of 82%. Births are exceeding the
number of deaths in Southwark wards, premature mortality rate deaths in <75 years which is due
to circulatory disease is higher at the rate of 74 per 1000. The unemployment ratio of London,
Borough is 6.5% which is the fourth highest rate in London. The poverty rate of Southwark
London approximately 31% and the rate of housing affordability is 67% which in 2017 and there
are 8/32 evictions in 2017 and about 1.3 million people is diagnosed with CVD in England in
which 46% are men and 48% are women. .
Health issues London Borough
There are various health issues that exist in London, Borough but the most crucial health
issue that prevails in Borough is Cardio Vesicular Disease (Mason, A and et.., 2015.). It is also
called the circular disease and it is one of the most common deaths causing in the area. The
deaths as consequences of circular disease accounts to the deaths annually 542 deaths which is
29% of deaths in the 3 year period 2015-2017. Cardiovascular disease refers to the condition
when the blood vessels of the heart is blocked which leads to the heart attack, or chest pain or a
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stroke. As per the Quality Outcome Framework (QOF) records 2,032 patients of age 30-74 are
diagnosed with CVD in London, Borough 2017/18.
Health inequalities
It is included as the difference in status of health or also in scattering of health causes that
exists in the different population groups. Health inequalities are also called to as unavoidable gap
between specified group of population or one specified population (Shardlow, 2016). The main
reason of health inequalities in UK is unfair adjustment of health status between people or
groups. Thus this is due to unequal distribution of social and economic condition within society
leading to risk of illness and decreasing chance of prevention of illness. According to Marmot
review the health inequalities are based on addressing the conditions of people born or grow.
There are many cases of increasing premature death in UK every year which is due to health
inequalities which is very important matter of social justice and fairness into UK. There are
various social gradients in health like person's lower social position, lower economic status, etc.
actions should be taken in order to reduce the gradients in health in the UK societies (Glynos,
Speed and West, 2015). Health in equalities is most commonly from the result of social
inequalities and also actions need to be taken in order to reduce such inequalities. By reducing
the health inequalities this will require the actions on the following objectives such as giving
every child best start for its life, creating a fair employment and also the good working
conditions, ensuring healthy standards of living, preventing of ill-health, developing healthy
communities, maximising the capabilities to have control over their lives.
Social determinants of health
The determinants of health are the economic conditions and social conditions which have
a certain influence on various individuals and group differences in the status of health (Zeanah,
2018.). These are the conditions, people get come to life, start working, live and age and die. It
sets a systems and shapes the conditions of daily life. Force and systems includes norms of the
society, economic policies, agendas as well as political system. In Borough, people suffer from
four common mental disorders like depression personality disorder, post-traumatic stress and
anxiety out of which depression is most common which result in CVD of the people of London,
Borough. London, Borough is the 4th largest unemployed in UK which also gives rise to CVD in
the area (Social determinants of health, 2019). About 31% of the total population in London,
Borough are poor which the huge number is and because this poverty rate people suffer from
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CVD as poverty give rise to many health issues (Foley and Timonen, 2015). Poor housing is the
determinant of this health issue in the area which result in the poor living and lifestyles and there
is a 16% eviction London Borough and 23% of people cannot afford houses for themselves.
Policy issues
This section discusses about the policies which relates to the health and socialcare what is
the meaning of the policy. This section also discusses about the national and local policies which
relate to CVD. The age group of 35 to 70 suffer from the CVD whih is mainly due to smoking
which leads to 14% of CVD according WHO, another reason is alcohol and unbalanced diet
which are the major contributors of CVD. Policy may be defined as a deliberate system of
principles which guide the decision in order to achieve the rational outcomes. Policy can also be
defined as the set of ideas or plan which is used as the basis of making a particular decision.
Policies can also be defined as the statement of intent which is implement as a protocol or a
procedure. Polices is a set of document with a certain guideline which provide a direction or path
which are framed in order to achieve a particular goal or an objective (Betancourt and et.al.,
2016). There are various government policies that have influences on cardiovascular diseases,
and set the precedence for acts on nutrition, obesity, bodily activities and tobacco control. These
policies are supported by the delivering different plans on food, physical activities, alcoholism,
etc which includes the provisions of NHS. Various policy documents that are published which
include a smoke free future which come in a comprehensive smoking, be active be healthy a
commissioning framework for health and well-being, decreasing the health inequalities, putting
the prevention first such as vascular checks, risk assessment and management. Care quality
Commission comes under the Care Act of 2014 and health and socialcare act of 2008. CQC
provides the set of policies and procedures which provides social care, provides housing care and
learning disability services in order to manage their regulative obligations with respect to Care
Quality Commission requirements. CQC care procedures and policies are the foundation for the
each care organisations which provide them guidelines how to provide care services. It is the UK
dietary policy which helps in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and it intends to decrease
the mortality rate which is caused due the CVD. As this disease affects around 7 million people
in UK it is considered as the significant cause of deaths and disabilities in UK. Policies uses
several approaches in order to prevent CVD like providing the health care financing, providing
medical products and technologies which can help in diagnosing and preventing cardiovascular
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disease, providing information and research which will help in providing solutions for preventing
the disease, providing effective health care service to patients, making the work force available
and providing finance in order to treat cardiovascular disease. Such policies provide
recommendations of preventing cardiovascular disease which is provided through Scientific
Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN). They have been recommending to stop smoking,
stop drinking alcohol, etc. Dietary advice in the UK has recently revised their recommendations
and has advised to intake fibre and free sugar, salt, fruits, vegetables, etc (Sabin, Riskind and
Nosek, 2015). yes, they consider wider determinants of health which have an impact on the
cardiovascular disease like stress, hypertension, low economic level, poverty, etc also they do
consider the individual behaviour choices like intake of food rich in fats, oily food, alcoholism,
smoking, etc. According to the authors the quality of acute care for CVD is very good in UK and
UK has made intensified efforts to improve quality care but more can be done by reducing the
risk factors which result CVD. UK is increasing the focus on promoting quality improvements
and yes it is realistic in real life solutions for such health care issue. This policy also addresses
the Social health determinates which helps in achieving health equity and this policy also lays
provisions for various social determinants like lack of education, poverty, racsim, stigma which
contribute health inequalities.
Public Health Provisions in Borough
This part discusses about health provisions of public in Borough and also defines what
public health means and its background and its aim. This section also discusses about various
provisions of public health.
Public health may be defined as a science of protecting the safety and rising the health of
people in different sects of community with the help of education, injury prevention and policy
making and research on prevention of diseases (London Borough of Southwark: a Health in All
Policies approach. 2018). The focus of health provisions in Borough is to prevent the people
from disease, injuries and any other health issues through the promotion of healthy behaviours,
healthy environments and healthy communities. These provisions have a significant role in
disease prevention efforts for under developing and developed countries which can be achieved
through local health systems and through NGOs. WHO is the agency which is responsible for
coordinating the activities on global public issues. Different nations have got their own public
health agencies which is often called the ministry of health are they are responsible for the
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domestic health issues in a particular country. Public health have a significant part in shaping the
health of various communities and societies which can help in improving the health of citizens of
the country. The aim of public health agencies is to monitor the status of health in a community,
investigate and diagnose various health problems in the society (Davies and Challis, 2018).
Public health is a science which deals with the dangers of public health of a population in
order to improve the quality of health and life by the process of detection and prevention of
disease and improving physical and mental conditions of the people. It also helps in promoting
health behaviours within the society. But the topology of the actions can also help in reducing
the health inequalities which is based on underlying the fact that actions can bring the desired
change within the individual. Another aim of the public health is to develop and plan to support
individuals and community health efforts. There are many provisions in the public health some
of them are to develop hospitals and clinics in London, Borough which will treat the
Cardiovascular patients with equality, to provide specialised care centres for the patients who are
suffering from CVD. The outcomes are very satisfactory as these provisions have been
successful in decreasing the rate CVD in London, Borough and patients are treated without any
discrimination, which have helped in decreasing the rate of CVD with in Borough. Yes, these
provisions tackle the social determinants of the health which has been focused on. These policies
have decreased the inequalities and are treating the people with justice. These provisions have
been successful in ignoring the differences in social level, income level, ethnic difference, etc.
No, they do not relate to any groups and yes there are some gaps in the provisions which need to
be fulfilled making divisions in the provisions.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that there are various health and social care issues which is prevailing
in London, Borough which is the place of diverse demographic profile. It is concluded from the
report that health inequalities have an impact on providing adequate health service to the people
who are suffering for cardiovascular diseases. There various social determinant which result in
the health inequalities which needs to be addressed by the UK government. Present report also
concludes that it is important to frame policies which can help in improving the health of people
and there are various public health provisions which can help providing affective health and
social care services.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Baldwin, M., 2016. Social work, critical reflection and the learning organization. Routledge.
Betancourt, J.R and et.al., 2016. Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for
addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public health reports.
Davies, B. and Challis, D., 2018. Matching resources to needs in community care: An evaluated
demonstration of a long-term care model. Routledge.
Foley, G. and Timonen, V., 2015. Using grounded theory method to capture and analyze health
care experiences. Health services research. 50(4). pp.1195-1210.
Glynos, J., Speed, E. and West, K., 2015. Logics of marginalisation in health and social care
reform: Integration, choice, and provider-blind provision. Critical Social Policy.35(1).
pp.45-68.
Mason, A., Goddard, M., Weatherly, H. and Chalkley, M., 2015. Integrating funds for health and
social care: an evidence review. Journal of health services research & policy. 20(3).
pp.177-188.
Sabin, J. A., Riskind, R. G. and Nosek, B. A., 2015. Health care providers’ implicit and explicit
attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men. American Journal of Public
Health.105(9). pp.1831-1841.
Shardlow, S. M., 2016. Educating professionals: Practice learning in health and social care.
Routledge.
Zeanah, C. H. ed., 2018. Handbook of infant mental health. Guilford Publications.
Online
London Borough of Southwark: a Health in All Policies approach. 2018. [Online]. Available
Through: <https://www.local.gov.uk/london-borough-southwark-health-all-policies-
approach>.
London Borough Profiles and Atlas. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/london-borough-profiles>.
Social determinants of health. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/>.
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