Enterprise Architecture Program: Doc
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Added on 2019-10-18
Enterprise Architecture Program: Doc
Added on 2019-10-18
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IntroductionEnterprise Architecture program has become one of the most popular and efficient ways that enables organizations to use all technology and IT capabilities to support organization’s businessgoals and objectives. Enterprise Architecture is a solution to standardize Information Technologyenvironment, reduce cost, and increase agility. For many years, Enterprise Architecture has helped organizations, businesses, and companies through necessary changes in process and technology to execute their strategies. Today, Enterprise Architecture is getting more attention, and it is achieving higher levels of influence within many companies and businesses. Many organizations, companies, and businesses have realized the importance of Enterprise Architecture in generating business values. EA is the process of aligning business goals and objectives with information technology. In other words, enterprise architecture helps an organization to select and implement proper technologies to improve its processes and reach its business goals. Enterprise Architecture (EA)In general, “enterprise architecture can be considered as a structured and aligned collection of plans for the integrated representation of the business and information technology (IT) landscapeof the enterprise, in past, current, and future states” (Niemann, 2006). Enterprise Architecture program guide organizations to transform from baseline state to target state. The baseline state reflects the organization’s current processes and technologies. After analyzing the baseline state, Enterprise Architecture program applies disciplines, policies, and projects to direct organization toward the target state. The target state is known as the “To-Be” state. This is the future or end-state enterprise which has been defined based on the organization’s business goals and objectives. Many enterprise architecture frameworks have been developed to create and use an 1
enterprise architecture. The enterprise architecture framework contains require roles, standards and principle to develop and use an enterprise architecture. Zachman Framework, the Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF), DoD Architecture Framework (DODAF), and Treasury Enterprise Architecture Framework (TEAF) are some examples of enterprise architecture frameworks that are available to organizations. In addition, based on the organization’s business needs and culture, an enterprise system can be selected. Organizations can chose between different types on enterprise systems such as enterprise resources planning (ERP) systems, enterprise planning systems, and customer relationship management software to improve their processes. EAs can be used to support a widevariety of information technology management processes. In addition, a well-defined and implemented EA contributes significantly to each of the phases of the systems development life cycle (SDLC). Initiation/Planning/Concept phaseInitiation phase starts when an organization management realized that a business process needs to be improved though an Information Technology (IT) project. Then a comprehensive project planning is require in order to complete the project successfully. This planning is necessary to detect and unify all the project activities. After planning, a project proposal with the proper budget, time, and performance will be developed. Enterprise architecture plays a significant role in this phase. EA ensures that the business need which is identified in this phase is aligned with business goals. In the lack of enterprise architecture, an organization might spend great amount of money in an IT project which might not be necessary and might not be aligned with the organization’s business goals and objectives. So EA checks the alignment between business 2
needs and business goals to make sure the proposed IT project is the right one for the organization. Requirements Analysis PhaseAll the documentation related to user requirement from the previous phase will be used in requirement analysis phase. In this phase all the project requirements will be discovered, analyzed, defined, and documented. This process includes measuring the process requirement, technical, and transitional requirements. According to Maryland’s Information Technology Department: “The purpose of the Requirements Analysis Phase is to transform the needs and high-level requirements specified in earlier phases into unambiguous (measurable and testable), traceable, complete, consistent, and stakeholder approved requirements” (doit.marylan.gov). Enterprise architecture in this phase ensures that the project requirements provide enough bases for the project. In addition, the technologies that are used in the project should be consistent withenterprise architecture. Design PhaseAccording to the National Institutes of Health: “The Design Phase seeks to develop detailed specifications that emphasize the physical solution to the end user's information technology needs. The system requirements and logical description of the entities, relationships, and attributes of the data that were documented during the Requirements Analysis Phase are further refined and allocated into system and database design specifications that are organized in a way suitable for implementation within the constraints of a physical environment” (nih.gov). Enterprise architecture ensures that the system is well designed to improve business processes and also the new system is compatible with the target architecture of the enterprise.3
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