A cross-sectional study design to conduct a multi-level exposure control experiment

Running Head: INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGY
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

Running Head: INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGY
Table of Contents
Answer 1:.........................................................................................................................................3
Answer 2:.........................................................................................................................................6
Answer 3:.........................................................................................................................................8
Answer 4:.......................................................................................................................................10
References:....................................................................................................................................12

Running Head: INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGY
Answer 1:
(a)
This paper follows a cross-sectional study design to conduct its study. This study design
measures the exposure and results of the participants studied at the same time (Vo et al., 2019).
The sample size in this study was calculated by following the sampsi command inside
STATA 13.0 (Software for Statistics and Data Sciences). Data collection tools used WHO
questionnaire for domestic violence which is useful in a cross-sectional study. Statistical tables
did the calculation of the data with significance and confidence intervals. The above-stated
factors prove that the methodological characteristics support the above-stated study design.
(b)
The primary exposures of the study include interviewing the participants and checking
the exposure to domestic violence. Standard deviation and Mean was calculated from the
affected population. The study was divided into four parts- Domestic, Emotional, Sexual and
Physical violence. Percentage and Frequencies of the participants affected by all the violence
were tabulated. The percentages of the relation of domestic violence with the age group and
educational background of women were calculated.
The outcomes of this study involve a statistical idea about the exposure of women to
domestic violence. This data is further related to the association of domestic violence with lower
birth weights.

Running Head: INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGY
(c)
The risk of selection bias is low in this study. Selection bias stands for the selection of
individuals for a study where proper randomisation during data collection and result calculation
is not achieved (Munafò et al., 2017). Ten districts were selected at random out of 24 districts,
and the study was performed. Age group also covered a vast range (18 to above 40 years).
(d)
SLOT Case Control
Exposure
Yes
54 203
Exposure
No
106 736
Crude Odd ratio for domestic violence= [(54)/(106)]/[(203)/(736)] = 1.85
Therefore, the crude odds ratio is calculated to be 1.85
(e)
The adjusted value of odd ration in the table was found to be 1.44. The calculated value
was 1.85. This difference occurred due to other variables along with domestic violence, that was
taken for the study. According to table 4, other variables that were included are the age group of
wives, occupation, housing status, economic status and husbands personality. These variables are
called confounder variables ().