Leadership and Management Functions

This assignment delves into the distinct yet interconnected roles of leaders and managers within an organization. It examines how leadership styles influence employee guidance and goal achievement. The document emphasizes the impact of decision-making on various operational management functions, ultimately contributing to organizational growth and profitability. It also discusses different models of leadership and approaches used by organizations for maximizing employee performance.

MANAGEMENT
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
PROJECT 2......................................................................................................................................3
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P4 Key approaches to operations management and the role of leaders and manager's of
Starbucks.....................................................................................................................................3
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives.............5
P6 Impact of internal factors upon operational management and decision making....................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
.........................................................................................................................................9

PROJECT 2
Introduction
Operation management help in designing and regulating all process of manufacture for
achieving desired goals and objectives in effective manner. The main aim of this procedures is to
transfer raw material into finished products and services. This report is based on Starbucks which
is largest coffee company of UK.
TASK 1
P4 Key approaches to operations management and the role of leaders and manager's of Starbucks
Operations management is concerned with controlling the production process and
business operations to optimum utilisation of its resources in the most efficient manner (Dennis,
2016). It involves certain responsibilities. The operation manager must ensures that the business
operates in efficient manner. Operations management involves managing the raw materials,
labour and energy because finally it converted into goods and services. These raw materials are
acquired by the company by paying some value in money, thus any wastage of resources means
wastage of money. For the success of operations of the company, people skills, creativity,
rational analysis and technological knowledge is required.
In past many companies and manufacturing operations benefited in their productivity
through division of labour and advancements in technologies. But modern operations
management has adopted four effective approaches which are business process redesign (BPR),
reconfigurable manufacturing systems, six sigma and lean manufacturing. These approaches are
explained below:
 Business process redesign (BPR): It was formulated in 1993, it mainly focuses on
analysing and designing work flow and business process within operational department
(Maskell, Baggaley and Grasso, 2011). The aim of BPR is to support companies in
restructuring their organisation by designing the process of operations in a proper
manner. This approach is become the business management strategy of every company.
Every company has a main objectives of improving their internal performance through
increase return on investment, cost reduction and quality improvement. Besides all this
qualities, BPR is still facing these two criticisms:
◦ It may involve large number of job lay-offs

◦ It assumes faulty business process are the main reason behind company's poor
performance.
 Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS): These systems are the production
process which is designed to incorporate accelerated change in structure as well as
hardware and software components. Reconfigurable manufacturing systems allows
process to adjust rapidly according to the capacity by which it can continue production. It
ensures about how efficiently business function responses to market process changes. The
best RMS has following characteristics: Modularity, integrability, customized flexibility,
scalability, convertibility and diagnosability. A RMS having these six characteristics can
increase the speed of responsiveness of manufacturing process at that time when
suddenly the market changes or when unexpectedly machine fails. It facilitates quick
production by launching new products immediately. It also allows adjustments of
production quantities that varies with market demand. RMS has various components such
as CNC machines, reconfigurable tools of machines, reconfigurable machines for
inspection and material transport systems. These components links and joins the
machines to form a set process.
 Six Sigma: It is the latest approach adopted by most of the companies who are quality
conscious and wants to reduce their costs by minimising the wastages. Six Sigma was
primarily developed during 1985 to 1987 at Motorola. This company was the inventor of
six sigma. Hence six sigma can be understood by breaking it down into two words which
is Six And Sigma. Six refereed to control the limits and sigma means standard deviations.
Both together mean controlling the limit of standard deviations or variances in the quality
of production. Every six sigma of a company has a defined step to increases its profits
and reducing the costs of production.
 Lean Manufacturing: It is a systematic approach of eliminating waste within
manufacturing systems (Myerson, 2012). Six sigma is somehow similar to lean
manufacturing due to their common objectives of reducing the waste to minimise the cost
of production. This approach explains that a waste can be exerted due to overburdening
or unequal workloads. Lean manufacturing takes all the resources which is not creating
any values for the customers as a wastage and it also gives various measures by which
these wastage can be eliminated to save the cost.

Roles of leader's and managers of STARBUCKS are given below:
 He understands and interpret the environment to the employees
 He plays the major role in developing the winning strategies for the company
 Without a leader and manager, Starbucks can't execute their strategies brilliantly
 There role doesn't end here, a leader takes the responsibilities to measure the impact of
strategies systematically. And some adjustments accordingly in it.
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
Operations management challenges are dominant, that's why Starbucks is facing the issue
of balancing its vision of uniqueness. Because of variances in the quality coffee it serves. As the
current price of its coffee is $5 which makes it unaffordable luxury for most of the people. So
lean techniques were balanced with quality improvement. It increases the speed of drink
preparation by baristas model through which it can produced drinks as many as possible but due
to declined in customer experience, it reduces the speed of service and focused on highest client
value experiences. Thus through the support of operations management, Starbucks get success in
improving quality of the product which matches customers preferences. Therefore below is some
importance of operations management in achieving Starbucks Objectives:
 It encompasses processes in services and manufacturing organisation: Operations
management holds the processes by reducing the costs and improving the quality of
services (Womack and Jones, 2010). It has a major role in controlling the wastage in
particular process. Operations management uses several techniques like six sigma, lean
manufacturing, Kaizen techniques, etc. to improve production process. In past it was
mainly uses by production department but after invention of six sigma, it is adopted by
every functional department to reduce their variances.
 It is important in effectively and efficiently managing productivity: Operations
management is become widely used techniques. Because it helps Starbucks in effectively
and efficiently manage the productivity of coffee. Starbucks have certain estimation for
demand and production of coffee. Customers positive feedback is also important for the
company. Hence it can put all this informations as a input in operation process and finally
operational department will tell the estimated budget it requires to fulfil its objectives. So
it is very important for managing productivity of Starbucks.

 It plays a strategic role in an organisation's competitive success: Starbucks can only
defeat its competitors when it succeeds in reducing the cost of production and increasing
the profits. This objectives can only be fulfilled through effective operations process of
the company.
 Scheduling of tasks and jobs: Operation management is important to scheduling all
assigned tasks and the time period within which task has to be completed (Vinodh and
Chintha, 2011). Here Starbucks can used Gantt charts, in which it can put all the activities
which has to be completed in given time. Through Gantt chart and EOQ (Economic order
quantity) model, it can manage its inventory by deciding how much to order, when to
order and how much to produce. It also list all types of jobs which is to be filled with
appropriate persons, who is expert in that field. If the person is not suitable for given role
than it will directly impacts the quality of services.
 Provides internal strength to the company: If a company doesn't have sound
manufacturing process than it can't deliver product on time with quality services. In case
of Starbucks it was failed to give quality services to their customers because of their poor
operation systems. But they improved it by reducing the services of coffee to increase its
quality.
P6 Impact of internal factors upon operational management and decision making
Operational establishment are related with different abilities and capabilities which
required during working for achieving desired goals and objectives of the firm. There are various
dynamic points which are always change with the modify in business situations. Planning is an
important function of every organisation in which manager will advanced planning for future
activities which are required to performed within an enterprise (DeAnna and et. al., 2010). The
top management approach help in requesting customers for purchasing products from
marketplace. Starbucks is the multinational company which is based ion united kingdom.
Decision making is a process that include entire behaviour procedures which will
enhancing company growth and success for accomplishing desired targets and goals. Operation
administration manage those activities that will assist firm for proper functioning of task or work
in an effective manner. They will also try to work on supply chain management. Starbucks is the
largest coffee making firm of America which operates in different locations. They face many
problems and issue which are related to business operations and actions that will consistently

decreases profitability and productivity cost of company. This is essential for enterprise is to
recognised different barriers that are directly affect on business management and operations.
Also they will try to remove these factors in given time period.
Starbucks is the coffee service firm which serve various types of products and services to
their potential buyers at reasonable price. At the time of lack of performance and dissatisfaction
in employees within an organisation and also they are able to take correct decision for achieving
higher growth and success of the firm. These activities are directly affects on all business
operations and management (Eyaland Haim and Clarizen Ltd, 2014). It is the responsibility of
company manager is to manage and maintain reputation in better manner. They also recognised
various threats which occurs through internal and external factors that will create barriers within
an organisation. This will directly effect on different developing strategies.
Starbucks is the largest coffee company which is based in United kingdom. They are
provide different flavoured coffee to their potential customers and also identify their demand and
try to satisfied them. They cover approx. 23,768 locations in all over the world. They mainly
target those customers who highly interested to drinking different types of products. They
provide hot and cold coffee, coffee beans, instant coffee etc. They also offer snacks, chips,
crackers and some other. Decision always taken by company manager for analysing both factors
that is external and internal for increasing goodwill in the large market place. Firm will also
adopt effective strategies for improving employees performance in better manner. Still there are
different elements which affect on business operations and management functions and help in
taking appropriate decision for achieving potential goals and objectives.
Quality should be strong and effective in each manner and also it will assist in gaining
attention of customers by providing best products and services in proper manner. Developing of
poor goods are affect business growth and success and also create bad impact in the mind of
buyers. They try to make innovative products which attracts ideal customers (Bahn, 2013). These
are certain factors which create both impact such as positive and negative such as lack of
performance, scarcity of skilled employees etc. the main duty of human resource manager is to
appoint talented and skilled employees who have ability and capability for handle work in
effective manner. It will assist in accomplishing desired goals and objectives.
Egoistic workers can maintain growth and success of firm. Employees have confidence
for achieving goals and objectives in effective manner. There are certain conflicts which occurs

among employees and employers in the firm. Worker and manager should maintain behaviour
and attitude which create negative impact on environment and this will automatically reduces
profitability and productivity of the company (Bahmani-Firouzi, Azizipanah-Abarghooee, 2014).
Leader can not bias at the time of making decision for developing any strategy.
Starbucks culture will directly affects various operational functions which help in making
accurate decision for the growth of firm. Enterprise will integrate all mission, vision and
objectives for the betterment of employees growth and development. So the decision making
affect all operation management functions in the particular organisation.
CONCLUSION
As per the above described report it can be concluded that leaders and manger functions
and activities are almost different but still they play an important role within an organisation. A
leader provide proper guidance to employees for achieving desired goals and objectives in
effective manner. The duty of leaders is to manage and control all functions and activities of
firm. There are various model of market that include traits, system, behavioural, contingency and
some approaches. An organisation use different approach for high performance employees and
also investigate their work in proper manner. This will assist in maximization of company
profitability and productivity.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bahmani-Firouzi, B and Azizipanah-Abarghooee, R., 2014. Optimal sizing of battery energy
storage for micro-grid operation management using a new improved bat algorithm.
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems.56. pp.42-54.
Bahn, S., 2013. Workplace hazard identification and management: The case of an underground
mining operation. Safety science.57. pp.129-137.
DeAnna, R and et. al., 2010. System for development, management and operation of distributed
clients and servers. U.S. Patent 7,730,111.
Eyal, P.O.S.T and Haim, R., Clarizen Ltd., 2014. System and method for project management
system operation using electronic messaging. U.S. Patent 8,856,246.
Dennis, P., 2016. Lean Production simplified: A plain-language guide to the world's most
powerful production system. Crc press.
Maskell, B.H., Baggaley, B. and Grasso, L., 2011. Practical lean accounting: a proven system
for measuring and managing the lean enterprise. CRC Press.
Myerson, P., 2012. Lean supply chain and logistics management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Womack, J.P. and Jones, D.T., 2010. Lean thinking: banish waste and create wealth in your
corporation. Simon and Schuster.
Vinodh, S. and Chintha, S.K., 2011. Leanness assessment using multi-grade fuzzy approach.
International Journal of Production Research. 49(2). pp.431-445.
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