Introduction to Information Technology

This assignment provides a comprehensive overview of information technology, covering topics such as computer classification, the importance of the internet, the transformative role of social media, ethical and social issues in business, and different types of networking technologies. It uses the example of Hotel Russell to illustrate these concepts.

Introduction to Information
Technology

Contents
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................................3
Classification of computers with their applications in real world.............................................................3
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................................4
Importance of internet in a business context and for an individual...........................................................4
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................................5
Transformation of social media to interact business with customers and its stakeholders........................5
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................................6
 Role of Information Technology in the success and failure of Hotel Russell...................................6
 Ethical and social issues that pertain to running businesses..............................................................7
 Identification and differentiation between different types of networking technologies....................9
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................11
INTRODUCTION
Information technology is the study of design, implementation, support and management
of computer based problems. Information Technology normally known as IT is generally used in
every organization and by almost all individual in today’s era. This use has increased in terms of
expansion of internet. The use of It is explained in this report with the context of Hotel Russell.
Hotel Russell is a five star hotel located in Russell square, Bloomsbury, London. In this report,
classification and application of computer system is discussed. Importance of internet and use of
social media in the business context has also explained in this report. Apart from that, role of IT
in the success and failure of an organization and ethical issues pertain to running business are

also explained. In the end difference between different types of networking technologies is also
explained.
TASK 1
Classification of computers with their applications in real world.
Computer is an electronic machine in which raw data is converted into meaningful and
useful information under program control (Azhar, S., Khalfan, M. and Maqsood, T., 2015).
Computer has increased it used in almost every department of any organization. In the context of
Hotel Russell too, computer plays an important role in the increment of services. The services
offered by computer in the success of Hotel Russell are marketing, HR, Production, Finance and
etc. Therefore there basically six type of computer system used o the basis of size.
 Supercomputer
 Mainframe computer
 Mini computers
 Servers
 Personnel computers
Super computers
These are the most powerful computers in terms of speed and accuracy. These are the
largest in terms of size. They can be feet or hundreds of feet longer.
Application
These computers are used in the field of science, research, technology, military, meteorological
department and in other big projects where analysis and implementation of complex tasks is
done.
Mainframes computers
These are also larger in size but smaller than those of supercomputers. These computers
are capable of holding serious amount of data.
Application
These computers are used to store massive amount of data therefore there main use is in making
servers where data can be in and out simultaneously.
Minicomputers

These are the general purpose computer systems without having expenses like those of
larger systems. This system is below to mainframe but above than personnel computer (Azhar,
S., Khalfan, M. and Maqsood, T., 2015).
Application
These computers are used for graphical designs, control and monitoring of manufacturing
industries etc.
Server
These are the computer systems used to provide services, resources to the client. The
client request for a specific data and server provides that.
Application
These computer systems are used in providing the required amount of data to its client.
Personnel computer
Personnel computer are smallest, least expensive and are commonly used type of computer
systems. They have small memory, less processing power.
Application:
These computers are commonly used in home for calculation and entertainment purposes.
TASK 2
Importance of internet in a business context and for an individual.
Internet is an electronic communication network that connects computers wirelessly
(Bartram, A., El-Bizri, N. and Gittens, D., 2016). Internet is the backbone of today’s industrial
development. The industries of any context are in touch with internet. Internet provides
connectivity from one place to another. Therefore it plays an important role in the development
of an individual and industries. Importance of internet is as follows: Communication: It is the most common facility provided by internet. In this any person
or individual can communicate through email, internet calling, video or voice call etc. In
terms of Hotel Russell customer can also connect itself with hotel through website,
application etc.
 Education/training: It is also an important aspect of internet because an individual take
educate itself with the help of online tutor or classes. In the context of hotel Russell,
organization can train its employees with the latest technology.

 Research: it is also a main importance of internet. A person can research about a
company which is placed thousands of km from it. The same case can be happened with
Hotel Russell. They can identify their clients and customers so as to provide them better
services.
 Financial transactions: A person can send or accept digital money from one place to
another. This is the importance of internet in financial transactions. Russell can also do
it’s transactions from clients to customers.
TASK 3
Transformation of social media to interact business with customers and its stakeholders.
Social media is a platform to make communicate among people and group of people
(Bawden, D. and Robinson, L., 2015). People can be bale to know about the knowledge of
specific timing with each other through social media. In today world, social media has changed
not just for communication purpose but also for marketing and advertisement purpose. This is
the best choice for people because it is mostly used by all individuals. Therefore business also
communicates with their customers through social media.
Social media has transformed with many effects from previous years. This is because of
the expansion of internet in the world. Social media has become a great channel for
communication. In the context of Hotel Russell, customers can be able to know about the recent
activities by just a single click to follow the page of hotel on Instagram or Facebook or twitter.
These are some common channels of social media.
A business like hotel Russell can also interact with its customer’s and stakeholders with
the help of social media. To communicate with its customers and stakeholders, hotel has to just
post an information on social media and the followers of that page will automatically able to
know about the information. This is the revolution of internet that it can also provide information
to its stakeholders with just one click also.
TASK 4
 Role of Information Technology in the success and failure of Hotel Russell.
Adopting innovation and technology is essential for a business from time to time so that
they can compete themselves with their rivals (Brooks, D.C., 2016). It is also essential for a
business because innovation and technology also help a company in fulfilling the advanced
needs of a customer. Information Technology is the biggest innovation in terms of technology
because it helps a company to provide better goods and services to its customers. In the context
of Hotel Russell, information technology provides a range of benefits to this five star hotel giant.
It has become capable to serve better services in all over the world with just information
technology. Here the role of information technology is explained in terms of hotel Russell.

Decision making
To make right decision in a business speed and accuracy are the important factor to play a
part. This speed and accuracy is also important feature of information technology. Hotel Russell
has to go through right market research before going to make decision in favor of organization.
The research of market can be done through many ways such as online surveys, forums, group
discussion, and blogs and with the use of World Wide Web. To extract particular information
Google is the main tool and component for Hotel Russell. These are the online tools which
provide clear and accurate information and thus reduce the course of human errors. With the help
of these tools, Hotel Russell is capable of finding the requirements of its customers and thus IT
helps them in decision making.
Marketing and business growth
It is another role of information technology to help a business to grow in competitive
market (Goldin, C. and Katz, L. F., 2018). Online marketing is an essential tool for any company
to advertise its products so that it will be available to its customers. The success of every
business lies in the success of marketing, the better the marketing better the product or services
be delivered. The overall factors which are covered in marketing are advertisement, public
relation, promotion, sales etc. from the different types of marketing tools digital marketing is one
of the best technology which can be used by Hotel Russell. Digital marketing is best to Hotel
Russell because it does not require the use of excessive money human resource etc. The main
benefit of digital marketing is that it advertises the product and services with a rapid speed so
that it can be in the hands of each customer within a few days. Hotel Russell should digitize the
marketing so that its customers who are living abroad capable of knowing everything about the
services provided in hotel.
Customer Support and satisfaction
If customers are satisfied with the services of any organization than its success guarantee can be
given. Higher the satisfied customers, higher the chance of succession of business. To satisfy the
needs, wants and preferences of a customer, effective communication is required. Effective
communication is available with the use of internet. Therefore to communicate with the
customer, effective communication is the important key. There are many channels through which
communication can be established such as email, webinar social media etc. After getting to know
about the needs, wants and preferences of a customer, Hotel Russell can satisfy its customer to
provide the services they require to need. This all can happen with the use of Information
Technology.
Resource Management and Globalization
This is very complex for the large organizations to manage their resources efficiently (Lloyd, I.,
2017). The resources of large organizations could be human resource, finance, tangible etc. The

organization such as Hotel Russell should use Information Technology to handle this issue of
resource management. A decade ago most of the resources are handled by table which requires a
lot of time and money to handle that. With the help of Information Technology, larger
organizations can handle these resources with just the use of their laptops. This is what
information technology has begun revolution. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is introduces
by software engineers to handle such resources. This concept has introduced the idea of
globalization in this connected world.
 Ethical and social issues that pertain to running businesses.
Following is the list of social and ethical issues that pertain to a running business;
Ethical issues
Ethics are the regulations and rules which are followed to work in a business environment
so that work can be efficiently done. Ethics are not a law formed by government or other body;
these are just some rules to be followed in business area. Issues related to ethics in Hotel; Russell
are as follows:
Fundamental issues
This is the basic issue of trust and honesty (Marangunić, N. and Granić, A., 2015). In the
context of hotel Russell, since it is a hospitality industry therefore trusts and honesty is most
important issue to that sector. Hospitality sector are mostly customer centric. Their business runs
to serve the customer better and better. If Russell is not providing accurate information to its
customers or it is providing fake information than the trust among customers and hotel will not
remain longer. These are the issues related with fundamental of ethics.
Decision making issue
This is also an ethical issue which is related to the employees and customers of an
organization. In this issue if Hotel Russell is taking a decision in favor of its business but the
decision is not in favor of its employees than it would be an issue for hotel. Each and every
organization should preserve the rights of its employees so that they feel comfortable and work
for the organization with full potential. Hotel Russell should also focus on employees and
customers.
Employee behavior and legal issues
This is a common ethical issue which can happen in any organization. It is a type of issue
with an employee when they are discriminated on the basis of its caste, religion, gender and
color. In case of Hotel Russell, it should stop all this discrimination to run its business effectively
and smoothly.
Social media use:

Some ethical knowledge person are not stable to say that it is an ethical issue but as a
practical it has been adopted that it is a serious issue with the organization. In this issue
employee is engaged to use social media although social media an essential part of marketing of
a company. Instead of that it hinders the concentration of an employee. Therefore Hotel Russell
should make some policies to control the use of social media in business premise.
Social issues
Social issues are the issues related with the gender, taste, perception etc. of customer and
employee in workplace (Milgrom, J. and Gemmill, A. W., 2015). There some issue also with this
which are stated as below:
Labor
Every organization needs to keep an eye over the rights of an employee. They should be
given proper wages with time so that they can maintain their lifestyle with that. The employee
should think itself as an important asset for the organization. Sometimes, to cut the labor cost
companies often used to use the local labor. Local labor often is not capable of optimizing full
potential from them with politics that they have. Therefore Hotel Russell should also keep an eye
over this issue.
Environment
It is also an important issue related to social factors which affect the business. In this
issue government set some rules and regulations for the manufacturers and service providers so
that they should not pollute the local environment with air, water or land. To solve this issue
companies often import the raw material so that they should follow the basic rule of the
government to save the environment. In the context of Hotel Russell, they should follow the
environmental policies so that they can run their business with ease.
 Identification and differentiation between different types of networking
technologies
Network technologies are used to connect the systems which are required to connect.
Networking technologies are of basically three types, their identification and differentiation is a
follows.
LAN: It is commonly known as Local Area Network. This is the module in which network is set
between two or more computers locally (Rajaraman, V., 2018). The range of these computers to
connect is locally i.e. in building, office or room. An example of LAN can be given such as there
is only a single printer in an office of having five computer systems. To use this printer they have
to connect with that printer. The connection here set is known as Local Area Network. Local
Area Network can be set by wireless or wired. A connection with wired local area network is set

with cables connected with hub which is connected with that printer and hence allotted the
printing tasks according to its schedule.
The different topologies which can be used to connect LAN are:
 Bus Topology
 Ring Topology
 Star Topology
There are some examples also of Local area network such as:
 Networking in Home and Office
 Networking between two computers
 Wi-Fi (When wireless LAN is required)
MAN: It is commonly known as Metropolitan Area Network. In this network two or more
computers are connected in a city or particular kilometers area (Ricci, F., Rokach, L. and
Shapira, B., 2015). This type of network is bigger than LAN but smaller than WAN which is also
known as Wide Area Network. This type of network can also be used within city. Another
example of Metropolitan Area network is its use in Military services to communicate between
soldiers. This connection can be set with wireless or wired. The wireless connection can be set
with routers and other amplifiers which are used to extend the signal.
Examples of Metropolitan Area Network area as follows:
 The most important example of MAN is the use of networking within banks of same
branch in a city. When same banks have to communicate between them in a city then this
technology is used a lot.
 Another example of MAN is the use of it in air reservation system.
WAN: It is commonly known as Wide Area Network. This type of networking technology is
used in world. The basic example of this network technology is World Wide Web (Voogt, J., and
et. al., 2017). In this technology, a person can connect its personnel computer anywhere in the
world. This type of connections is set wireless. Therefore it can be said that these are largest
network in the world. The main use of WAN is to connect the different LANs. There are many
protocols also which are used to connect to internet on WAN.
 FTP: This type of protocol is commonly known as file transfer protocol. This type of
protocol is used to send and receive files on internet with secure connections.
 HTTP: This is a type of protocol which is used to open a URL (Uniform resource
locator). The abbreviation of this protocol is hyper text transfer protocol.

From the above networking technologies explained, Hotel Russell can use Local Area
Network Topology because it is used for a small space and can be connected a wired or
wirelessly. This type of topology is faster than that of all explained.
Difference between these networks
Basis of comparison LAN MAN WAN
Meaning It is the connection of
networks in a small
geographical area.
It is a connection
between systems in a
area of city or
campus.
It is connected on a
large area anywhere
in the world.
Network ownership Private Private or public Private or public
Speed High Moderate Low
Used for School, colleges City or campus Country or continent
Propagation delay Short Moderate Low
CONCLUSION
In this report it can be concluded that information technology plays an important role in
the succession of any organization. It provides help in almost all the department of an
organization. In this report, classification of computer with its applications and importance of
internet is explained in the context of individual and business organization. Apart from that
transformation of social media in the context of business environment is also explained. In
addition to the above tasks, role of information technology in the success or failure of
organization and ethical and social issues that pertain to running business are explained. In the
end different types of networking technologies are also explained.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Goldin, C. and Katz, L. F., 2018. The race between education and technology. In Inequality in
the 21st Century (pp. 49-54). Routledge.
Lloyd, I., 2017. Information technology law. Oxford University Press.
Marangunić, N. and Granić, A., 2015. Technology acceptance model: a literature review from
1986 to 2013. Universal Access in the Information Society. 14(1). pp.81-95.
Milgrom, J. and Gemmill, A. W., 2015. Introduction.
Rajaraman, V., 2018. Introduction to information Technology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..
Ricci, F., Rokach, L. and Shapira, B., 2015. Recommender systems: introduction and challenges.
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