Introduction to Information Technology: Software, Ethics, Networking, AI, and SDLC

This course covers various aspects of Information Technology, including different types of software, ethical and social issues, networking technologies, impact of AI, and stages of software development life cycle. The course also discusses the use of technology in businesses, with examples from Morrisons. Subject: Information Technology, Course Code: IT101, College/University: Not mentioned.

Introduction to Information Technology

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................3
Main Body ................................................................................................................3
Discuss different types of software that are essential for businesses to provide
and maintain their operations................................................................................3
Ethical and social issues are increasingly becoming important in the digital
world. Identify and discuss the importance of them to run businesses.................4
Identify and differentiate between different types of networking technologies....5
Discuss the impact of Artificial Intelligence in enhancing the business
operations...............................................................................................................6
List and explain the different stages of software development life cycle.............7
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................7
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Information technology has a major and vital role in the organisation as well
as in today's world. In today's century, the digital has become an important and
necessary part of doing any sort of work. The information technology provides us
with the information about all the data which helps in evaluating, and examining
the information by using the well-equipped software and equipment These are used
to protect the data from their competitors. With regards to Morrisons, the
organisation was established in 1899 and its headquarters lies in Bradford United
Kingdom. It is the fourth largest supermarket. They encompass various products
for instance food and drink petrol and magazines (McLaren and Jandric,
2020).The technology benefits the organisation but it also affects the organisation
in numerous forms. The encompassing of the progressive technology in business
has the enterprise economical powerful and their profit margin has also shown the
growth.
Main Body
Discuss different types of software that are essential for businesses to provide and
maintain their operations.
The organisation needs the advance technology and the professional software to
keep the pace in the competitive world. The business which are huge they need the
advance and high quality of software and technology equipment. The software is
distinct and different in every industry and field. There is the few software
mentioned below:
Accounting software: this computer software serves best for the accounting and
finance department and makes their work efficient and effective as well the
calculation is quick and rapid (Ratwani, Reider and Singh, 2019) . The small-

scale business can also use this software and their business will be cost efficient
and the data record and operation will be done speedy.
 Payroll software: this software mainly serves the small-scale enterprises.
The usage of software less complexed, easy and simple to use. The functions
and operations run smoothly without facing any barrier. It has its own
advantage as it is very time saving as well as it provides the accurate
calculations and the data is quite safe and secure.
 Project management software: This software mostly takes care the
logistics. In this the computer possess the capacity and the ability to
organise, examine and analyse the complex and hard data to understand as it
breaks down into a segment form. It has its own pros as it keeps the
collaboration this project management makes the effective and efficient
project collaboration.
 Website business software: This software is needed by each and every
organisation as it tells about the enterprise standing for what the organisation
stands for what are the features and qualities as well as what does this
organisation sell and how it contributes in society all this are systematically
can be noticed from the website.
The organisation Morrison has incorporated the Retalix software which will
enhance the operational effectiveness and the experience of consumer. Earlier the
organisation used to use the distinctive functional areas but now they have
incorporated the one system for directing and functioning. While examining the
store process and system the Morrisons has encompassed the Retalix store line
POS. The organisation will also the Retalix software to automate the back-office
cash management process(Schneider and Leyer, 2019).The organisation to provide
and reach to the top they need to use advance technology and software the
organisation needs were catered by Retalix as it provides the single store

installation which caters all the requirement of all the functions. The Retalix
system has given the malleability and innumerability as it assists to the stores at
large sizes with this it also has the distinctive features and functionality.
Ethical and social issues are increasingly becoming important in the digital world.
Identify and discuss the importance of them to run businesses
The business ethics plays the necessary and vital role in organisational
institution as the brand and image of the organisation in the economy. It also has
major other part to play also as it helps in making the environment safe and secure
to functions. It is important for an employee to have ethnics which can smoothly
function in the organisation as well in the technology world the functioning has
become smooth and easy (McGee, 2018). The business is taking out the time for
technology and strategies for making and taking the business to height and
achieving the success and profit. The major objective of business is to be loyal and
integrated towards work and provide the high quality of products and services. In
the context of Morrison, the organisation focal point is to serve people.
 First are the people: In their priority list giving the efficient and efficient
work to the consumer is their major purpose and their supply chain.
 Environment: The organisation has been awarded for the protecting the
environment and not making it toxic. They have taken numerous initiatives
one of this is eradicating and declining the tonnes of plastics. They are first
business which has started using the reusable paper bags. They have
included the loose fruit and veggies and getting rid of black plastic.
The Morrisons has the approaches which are discussed below:
 Deontology: In this approach the theory states that the actions are
considered good or bad all by understanding the set of rules and regulations.

The Morrisons has the strong belief in that the consumer should be treated in
a way how we want us to be accoladed and treated.
 The utilitarianism approach: In this the moral and ethics of the
organisation objectives are used for maintain the commercial and trading
activities. The business organisation uses this to hold and keep the bond
intact between their supplier in order to make the honour and class in the
economy.
The social aspect is also essential part for the organisation to grow in the
economy and broaden their horizon in terms of the success (Martynov, Shavaleeva
and Zaytseva, 2019) . As the United Kingdom the consumer behaviour has shown
the significant amount of changes for instance now the consumer prefers to do the
bulk shopping at one stop instead of going to different spots. For seeing the
changes in taste, the organisation has stated adding the other products which does
not fall in groceries and this has highly influenced and resulted in the social
changes. In the Morrison organisation the company has the friendly environment to
grow and learn (Wilkin and Chenhall, 2020). To achieve their objectives, they have
stared providing the training and keeping the track of their employee development
by all these it will assists the business to a capture the sizeable amount in the
economy.
Identify and differentiate between different types of networking technologies.
The organisation uses the different networks and technology to send the data
digitally. The network technology which is used to exchange the data between the
small and medium information.
There is the numerous network technology on the basis of scale. They are
discussed below:
LAN: the local area network is used by the laptops, computers at very small range.

MAN: The metropolitan network which are made by joining the more than LAN
networks then it is made.
VPN: the virtual private network it is for transmitting data from sender to receiver.
It has its own advantages such as it is flexible and nonrigid, it enhances and shows
the improvement in information. The sharing of files is easily as well it does not
cost much (Madon and Krishna, 201) .The enterprise Morrisons has said yes to the
multimillion-pound voice and managing the data services. Another wireless
operating MSP network assists the company with the highly efficient bandwidth
quality and the delivering time will be quicker and fast. The MPs also has the
advantage of new range of applications and the services. The deal has also
encompassed the cable and wireless application performance management suite-
the organisation will use that for monitoring the its estate and provides the
overview to it.
The organisation was the major as the company requires it for the margin growth
and achieving their business objects and aims. The company aims for integrating
the oracle retail its infrastructure.
Discuss the impact of Artificial Intelligence in enhancing the business operations.
Today's many organisation uses artificial intelligence to decrease their
operational cost and enhance their efficiency level and their major goal is to
provide a better experience to their consumer(Lloyd, 2020). The organisation has
included machines and a natural language processor. Artificial intelligence has a
significant impact on the business and to grow. It helps the organisation to save
time by automating and optimising the regular process of the task. It helps the
organisation to conclude their decision faster and quicker by considering the
cognitive technologies. Artificial intelligence helps in eradicating the error of

human and artificial intelligence are set up properly and errorless. It also assists the
organisation in predicting the customer preferences and offering them a great
personalised experience in shopping(Lecerf and Omrani, 2020). It generates the
quality needs to grow their business. The business organisation can analyse and
examine by taking the support and help of intelligence devices. The major aim of
the business to use ai has given the edge in competition whereas the artificial
intelligence also lacks in few and has its diasdvant6ages as the ai does not always
performs at their best level these technologies are great at reducing the errors,
continuous repetitive task or replacing the repeated task where the business is
always benefited and achieve their goals when the machines and humans work
together. Artificial intelligence has a high potential in it and makes the business
achieve its highest potential level. In the context of a company, the Morrisons are
using artificial intelligence to0 increase its efficiency and effectiveness level. The
organisation uses the ai and new advanced technology for predicting and keeping
the eye on the stock level at the number of stores they have opened. The
organisation has provided the blue yonder with their sales data. The organisation
has seen significant sales at Christmas which showed the patterns accurately and
by this, they used artificial intelligence at various times. As the inclusion of
algorithm, it has removed the need for pen and paper traditionally and this has
helped the organisation by reducing the gaps by thirty per cent .
List and explain the different stages of software development life cycle.
The software development has the stages in which the applications performs the
business software practices. The phase is divided in to steps which includes the
planning, requirements, design, build, document, test, deploy and maintain.
The software development life cycle is the method to enhance the development
process. It also assists and eradicate the waste and increases the efficiency level of

a development process. The companies are divided and segmented (Galanek,
Gierdowski and Brooks, 2018). The company has divided the stages of
development stages:
 Planning: in this the company evaluates, examine and analyse the various
terms of a project. The planning has the he inclusion from the feedbacks.
The planning should include the scope and the aims, purpose of the
application. It helps in creating the effective way of creating the software.
The business analysts have the interaction with the stakeholder and proper
discussion about the required document the entire planning is done proper
and structural ways every possible way and the cases are well written. the
major aim and objective are to check all the requirement and quality
assuring and the technical feasibility.
 Requirements: the requirements can be defined as the part of planning. The
inventory program the advancement group will then investigate the
necessities of remembering the plan and code of the product. The principal
objective of this stage is that everybody sees even the detail of the operating
Equipment, working frameworks, programming.
 Design: in this phase design is tested and the technologically, practically and
financially once all the design is tested the and selected the programming
language is selected for instance oracle. the design document specification is
there where the detailed specification is added and the new transaction are
defined an explained.

 Implementation: in this the design has now the time to implement the
computer language in this stage the task is divided and segmented into parts
units and they are given to developers. this stage is one of the longest stages
and take the time in implementation.
 Testing: when the software is gone for testing the particular team testes the
functionality and direction. The entire work and application are done
according to the needs of consumer. the all the testing is functional which
encompasses all the unit testing, integration testing acceptance testing and
there is the non-functional proper testing to the work. the main objective of
test is to test the and finding out the gaps and the defects and the system is
also checked properly is it working in a systematic and proper ways.
 Deployment: when all the process testing is done then it is release for
deployment where it finalised for the consumer to use it. the size of the
project shows the complexity of a work and deployment. Further the user is
provided all the documents and follow up by looking at those guidelines the
consumer can operate the software. whereas the one more of testing is don
lastly to ensure that there is no any other issue or the environmental issue in
a work. the work is deployed and the client is properly trained.
 Maintained: the major problem arises when the consumer starts using the
product while the minor or the major occurs and shows the strength and life
cycle of a product whereas it the last phase of software development life
cycle in which the developed product is properly taken care of. the software
is timely upgraded and updated according to the change of environment or
any incorporation of technology. further in the post production the software

environment the system is maintenance mode. The nature of software with
manging data and the integration and the security (Chae, Koh and Park,
2018) . the access of knowledgeable and the reliable support are the essential
resources and the upgrades are the routine maintenance.
CONCLUSION
From the report it can concluded as the information technology plays the
essential and significant role in business and in different sector of work. Due to this
the organisation has shown the great amount of growth. The technology also
encompasses the ethical and social values as these are infused to make the business
cost efficient and economical (Al-Sartawi, 2020). The artificial intelligence
incorporation has made the task for company easier and quicker as the Morrison
company which has been undertaken uses the artificial intelligence which assists in
their work. By using all these the organisation is able to satisfy to their consumer
and this has led to enhance of productivity and increment in their profit margin
which is sky rocketing in the businesses. The stages and phases of developing the
software has been briefly evaluated and analysed and explained. the report also
tells the importance of the technology and the vital role in plays in the economy.
Moreover, how technology give the boost to the organisation in a economy as well
as the edge in the, market regarding to the advancement of high advance
technology and this has assists the organisation in achieving the higher success and
able to utilise the technology sufficiently and giving the amazing and smooth
experience to their customer. it has helped the organisation to broaden the horizon.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Al-Sartawi, A.M.M., 2020. Information technology governance and cybersecurity
at the board level. International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, 16(2), pp.150-
161.
Chae, H.C., Koh, C.E. and Park, K.O., 2018. Information technology capability
and firm performance: Role of industry. Information & Management, 55(5),
pp.525-546.
Galanek, J.D., Gierdowski, D.C. and Brooks, D.C., 2018. ECAR Study of
Undergraduate Students and Information Technology, 2018. EDUCAUSE.
Lecerf, M. and Omrani, N., 2020. SME internationalization: The impact of
information technology and innovation. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 11(2),
pp.805-824.
Lloyd, I., 2020. Information technology law. Oxford University Press.
Madon, S. and Krishna, S., 2018. The digital challenge: information technology in
the development context: Information technology in the development context.
Routledge.
Martynov, V.V., Shavaleeva, D.N. and Zaytseva, A.A., 2019, September.
Information technology as the basis for transformation into a digital society and
industry 5.0. In 2019 International Conference" Quality Management, Transport
and Information Security, Information Technologies"(IT&QM&IS) (pp. 539-543).
IEEE.
McGee, K., 2018. The influence of gender, and race/ethnicity on advancement in
information technology (IT). Information and Organization, 28(1), pp.1-36.
McLaren, P. and Jandric, P., 2020. Postdigital dialogues on critical pedagogy,
liberation theology and information technology. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Ratwani, R.M., Reider, J. and Singh, H., 2019. A decade of health information
technology usability challenges and the path forward. Jama, 321(8), pp.743-744.
Schneider, S. and Leyer, M., 2019. Me or information technology? Adoption of
artificial intelligence in the delegation of personal strategic decisions. Managerial
and Decision Economics, 40(3), pp.223-231.
Wilkin, C.L. and Chenhall, R.H., 2020. Information technology governance:
Reflections on the past and future directions. Journal of Information
Systems, 34(2), pp.257-292.