Introduction to Information Technology

This report discusses the role of information technology in an organization, ethical and social issues, networking technologies, importance of intranet and internet, and stages of system development life cycle. The case study of Tesco is used to explain the concepts.

Introduction To
information and
technology

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
Literature Review.............................................................................................................................3
Identification of role of IT within organisation...........................................................................3
Ethical and social issues .............................................................................................................4
Networking technologies............................................................................................................6
Importance of intranet and internet.............................................................................................7
Stages of system development life cycle....................................................................................8
Analysis and Discussion.............................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Information technology means study based upon development and management related to
computer based information system that has been used by an individual or an organization
helping in developing personal and professional perspective of an organization. The main aspect
of such technology is to help an individual for carrying out work with productiveness making
goals and objectives achieved more effectively. Through using information and technology the
core focus of IT gets fulfilled without any problem. The organization that has been taken is
Tesco which is an popular British multinational groceries and general merchandise. The
organisation was founded by jack Cohen in the year of 1919. Further the report deals upon role
of information technology within an organization. Also social and ethical issues has been
discussed while running business. Then networking technology and importance of internet within
business has been covered. The stages for development life cycle has been discussed.
Literature Review
Identification of role of IT within organisation
According to(Gaimon, and et.al., 2017) through IT an organization able to work upon
various task which has helped in making task completed more effectively. Through the
technology business has been preforming over various kinds of research and marketing criteria
making organization uplift more effectively(Information Technology & Its Role in the Modern
Organization, 2019). In this efficient decision making has been developed which makes
organization attain success and its role over business success discussed as follows:
 Real Time Customer Satisfaction: The customer has been discussion over making
satisfaction in order to solve the issues with real time making customer satisfaction
created through product and services of an organization. This make growth and profit
generation possible with positive approach.
 Global Reach: This helps Information Technology of an organization by increasing span
of working limited over particular location. It make global reach to be identified over
making organization growth done with various aspects covered.
Role of Information Technology in Failure of a Business:

Information Technology has made organizations grow but it leads upon falling of
organization due to its failure for an organization, This makes negative approach formed in
relation over information and technology. Reason in relation to it has been explained as follows:
 Improper Utilization: Technology means those needs which is used in proper manner
making failure caused over business growth. Proper technical development is important
for an organization which protects form negative impact of improper utilization of IT.
 Technology Enhancement: This is based upon making analysis formed through
surviving technology within market. Since technology keeps on changing frequently
which makes organization face difficulties in coping with new technology making
organization's growth hinder for an organization. Also it makes organization performance
impacted within an organization making task not completed on time.
 Complexity: The technology has been adopting complex perspective making it hard to
understand about factors impacting productivity which makes barriers created upon
making organization face difficulty in working over it process in smooth and effective
manner causing failure within business on large perspective. It make low profit
generation.
Ethical and social issues
According to(Harati and et.al., 2019)it has been marked out that question mark has been
rising upon ethical conduct within working of an organization making its internal process
impacted with business environment. It has become very challenging over maintaining
organization which makes good brand image developed within market for surviving. Also it
makes ethical code of conduct to be followed within an organization which makes good brand
image formed as per market standards (Ethics and Information and Communication Technology,
2020). In relation over IT, the ethical issues that has been raised makes effectiveness developed
with proper accessibility. The issues has lead upon making big disturbance over needs helping in
making legal intervention allowed. Some of the ethical issue has been given as follows:
 Access Issue: In this an organization like TESCO it is hard for maintaining data or
information based over products and customer manually. Thus the organization using IT
over managing business practices in more effective way. This helps in managing
business practices in more effective way. In relation over major issues various aspects has
been faced over making effective access of IT that is big and hard for managing. If an

issue takes place within an organization causing loss of brand image of an organization
over improving technology enhancement. This makes issue occurred within an
organization making loss of brand image within an organization over unaffordable issues
in relation upon technology enhancement. Through networking on internet secured
authorization loss of brand image makes accessing possible within an organization.
Networking on internet cannot be made over making secured and authorised access for an
organization. This is required by Tesco for taking care over accessing internet with
customers and organization which makes organizations durability developed within an
organization.
 Harmful Actions: Through making harmful and negative consequences of IT causing
impact upon loss of property like important information, undesirable substantial impact
etc. In this theft of data has been included with ownership loss(Krisdiyanto, and et.al.,
2018). Also IT has tendency to get infected with virus present in computer system of an
organization. This is mainly done with the help of experienced hacker in order to know
about secrets of an organization. Tesco for dealing with such issues should make
protection developed over various systems restricting an organization in relation over
companies information. Through ethical conduct can be followed more effectively
creating protection against sensitive information of an organization like Tesco.
Social issues
Social Issues are based over those issues which has been affecting society and people
living within country. Through such issues feeling and sentiments of general people gets
disturbed in relation to ethics. In relation over IT negative impact has been created over society
which has not been accepted by individuals living in an country. The biggest challenge for an
organization makes acceptance created within same time. Different kinds of social issues has
been faced by Tesco explained as follows:
 Patent: The biggest issue within information of Technology is based over Patent Rights.
These ethical issues are challenging for an organization since in modern world securing
of patents becomes challenging for an organization. In this an organization like Tesco
faces most difficulties. This happens when needs of an organization gets disclosed over
various details based upon making software program over misusing programs in more
effective way.

 Literacy Level: This is another important issue which has been based over highlighting
literacy over information technology. The organizations helps in making needs to deal
with different persons gaining information about technology employees or customers
within an organization. This makes social issue of TESCO solved with sensible way
making emotions of people understood more effectively.
Networking technologies
In the world of information technology different networking technologies has been
developed which makes organizations develop various perspectives in relation over strong
network formation(La, 2018). Through using various kinds of networking technologies different
process related to information technology covered in more effective manner. In relation to Tesco
various aspects has been explained as follows:
LAN(Local Area Network)
These are those group of computers which has been connected to each other within small
area which makes building of office possible. Also it is used over making connection developed
over two or more personal computers making communication possible. In this less costly built
has been developed over making inexpensive hardware making hubs and network adapters. It is
used by an organization like Tesco for making security created within an organization.
PAN(Personal Area Network)
This type of network is used for making arrangement done over individual persons or an
organization with range of 10 meters. Also it has been used for connecting computer device of
person within the range of 30 feet. It is used by an organization like Tesco for making better
facilities created in its working environment.
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
The network area has been covering large geographic area through interconnecting over
large area network(Mozaffar, and et.al., 2017). This is based upon making various LAN's get
connected over telephone exchange line and most commonly used MAN are RS-232, Frame
Relay, ATM, ISDN, OC-3, ADSL, etc.. It is helpful for an organization like Tesco as it makes
strong online gateway developed making payment done more effectively.
WAN(Wide Area Network)

This is one of the most commonly used network which covers large geographical across
countries. It has no limits for single location since it is set up with telephone line, fibre optic
cable or satellite links. The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world which helps an
organization like Tesco to develop better online delivery portal making product reach customers
directly.
Importance of intranet and internet
Internet is an global network which has been providing different information and
communication platforms making interconnection developed over networks which is used for
making communication protocols helping in interconnected with computer through computer
network and devices(Noble, 2017). It includes various high bandwidth data lines which
encompasses the backbone of Internet.
Uses of Internet
According to() this 1.8 billion has been using internet worldwide making importance of
business marked out with benefits of internet making competitive advantage achieved over
competitors (11 undeniable benefits of an intranet, 2020). Further, internet of business has been
explained as follows:
 Research Competition and Clients- This makes data available over internet and
businesses by making research in relation over clients making organizations compare
itself with competitors.
 Buy and Sell- It is the basic use of internet for an organization making e commerce
improved over product and services. This eliminates middleman and promotes direct
sales.
Intranet
This is an private network helping in sharing of information, corporate tools, operating
system and other services within the enterprise(Rajaraman, 2018). Also working of groups
becomes easy making an organization develop better teleconferences. It makes security
established over database helping in making network accessibility provided.
Importance of Intranet in a Business
Intranet holds importance for an business organization in terms of its various aspects. Its
importance has been discussed as follows:


 It helps in making task completion possible within no time
 Through this communication has been developed in more strong and effective manner.
Stages of system development life cycle
System development life cycle which makes development of various stages making
process like planning, analysing, designing, implementing and maintenance of the information
used for configuring both hardware and software. It has been discussed as follows:
 Planning: This stage of system makes techniques identified in relation to business. Also
managers by using this is able to make problem identified and solutions marked for it.
 System requirements and analysis: This is second stage of business works by making
identification done helping in analysing needs which makes customers expectations meet
regarding project(Tiwari, 2016).
 System design: This third stage that works over operations related to project making
elements improve modules, architecture and interfaces of project.
 Development: It is the fourth stage software developed as prototype working over initial
development of software.
 Testing: This is the stage which is used over improving quality, platforms developing
codes and evidences making quality improved over stages.
 Implementation: It is the sixth stage making programs developed over production of
programs which has been place upon implementing ideas more effectively.
 Maintenance and operations: This is last stage that allows end users to make fine
programming done helping in improving capabilities while meeting extra requirements.
Analysis and Discussion
It has been observed from the above perspectives that an organization like Tesco in order
to improve various aspects uses information and technology. This technology has made proepr
structure prepared for solving social issues more effectively. Also Information technology makes
strong network developed through using internet and intranet. Then to make software developed
for Tesco various stages are followed.

CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that information and technology has played
essential role in improving business for an individual. This makes main objectives and goals of
an organization accomplished more effectively. Also through improving quality leading upon
performing innovation within organizations process. These practices makes business
organization over needs and customers requirement. This helps IT in maximizing productivity
with growth opportunity developed.

REFERENCES
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Online
Information Technology & Its Role in the Modern Organization. 2019. [Online]. Available
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Ethics and Information and Communication Technology. 2020. [Online]. Available through:<
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017376966>.
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