Introduction to Information Technology

This document provides an introduction to information technology, its role in business success or failure, and the ethical and social issues related to running a business. It also explains the different types of networking technologies and the importance of intranet and internet. The document is based on the context of Tesco, a retail superstore in the United Kingdom.

INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
LITRETURE REVIEW...............................................................................................................................3
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION...............................................................................................................4
Role of IT in the success or failure of a business.....................................................................................4
Ethical and social issues that pertain to running business........................................................................6
Identify and differentiate between different types of networking technologies.......................................7
Importance of intranet and internet..........................................................................................................9
Explain the different stage of system development life cycle................................................................10
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................12
ABSTRACT

The function of an abstracts is to showcase the purpose and aim of the report. The main
aim of making this project is to enhance the knowledge related to the information technology in
the Tesco Context. It also involves the literature review that helps in explain the author’s
meaning on the topic of information technology related to this project. It can involve the various
aspects like role of information technology in success and failure of the business enterprise. It
also explains the facts related to the ethical and social issues that is pertaining the organisation. It
also showcases the different types of the network technologies that are useful in achieving the
targets. It also explains the system development life cycle that is helpful in achieving the targets
of the company(Hemrungrote, Jakkaew and Assawaboonmee, 2017).
INTRODUCTION
Information technology refers to the study of the computers that is helpful in storing,
transmitting, retrieving and manipulating the information. it is significantly used in the
organisation to fulfills the day-day activities and store the data which is helpful in future terms. It
is an integration of the information and the communication technology that is essential in today’s
business environment. This report is based on the Tesco that is one of the largest retail superstore
in the United Kingdom that sales variety of product range and due to this they need to use the
computers to handle all the activities within the business enterprise to gain the overall success. It
also includes the various terminologies that is used in the company and it also involves the
ethical and social issues that is associated with the technology. Further it shows the difference
between types of networks so that the organisation can understand the importance of the
network. It also includes the role of information technology and different stages of the system
development(Tavani, 2016).
.
LITRETURE REVIEW
It refers to an evaluation that is present on the basis of the topic that helps in representing
the subjects that a person is writing. In this report literature review is done of the information
technology.

According to the author “ Tavani.H” Information technology is a prominent term as per the
today’s demand of the business environment. It represents the role of the technology that
showcase the success and failure of the organisation. In this company can use various types of
network according to their needs and desire of the activities. it includes wide areas network, local
area network, personal area network, wireless local area network etc. this can helpful in
communication and transferring the information from one place to another place. it is the best
source of the communication via technology. it represents the importance of internet and intranet
that shows the use if internet is for communicate with outside the world and use of intranet is for
transfer the information within the organisation. It helps in enhancing the market share and
growth of the enterprise. This information technology also helps in fulfilling the ethical and
social issues that is helpful in connecting the environment with business firm activities. It can
store, collect, interpret and retrieve all the data and information whenever concerned firm needs.
In this report are also shows the system development life cycle that includes the various stages
like analysis, design, planning, maintenance and the implementation. This system helps in
knowing the complexity of developing the technology and manages that information technology
in an effective way so that a person cannot face any problem regarding operating the technology
within their working place.
All this analysis is based on the Tesco superstore that is one of the largest retail superstore in the
United Kingdom. For this using the information technology is fruitful to achieving the targets
and communicates with outside the firm from investors, clients, customers etc.
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
Role of IT in the success or failure of a business
The success and failure of the business is depends on the information technology. In this
if a business can use the right technology that it will represent the success of the organisation. On
the contrary if enterprise can choose the technology without doing any analysis then it is the
reason of the failure. As per the modern world where people are more addicted to use the digital
technology companies can also move towards the use of information technology in a quick basis.
In context of the Tesco, that is one of the largest retail stores in UK use the information
technology so that they can achieve the targets. It can include various roles that represent the

success and failure of the Tesco that can be shown below(Xiang, Magnini and Fesenmaier,
2015).
 Decision making – It is very important for every company to take the decisions quickly
and accurately so that task can be done within the time and enterprise can achieve the
goal. For making the organisation a successful business firm Tesco can do a proper
market research that helps the manager to take the right decision. in this market research
can be done through the use of online surveys, blogs, world wide web. A manager of the
Tesco can generally use the Google analytics tool when they the comprehensive decisions
for achieving the targets.
 Customer support and satisfaction – Information technology play an important role in
satisfying the customers and support them by using various software and multiple number
of channels like telephones, social media, via mails, webinars etc. In context of the
Tesco, manager can use the customer relationship management systems to earn the large
customers base and understand the behavior of the customers. It can helps in storing the
valuable data related to the consumers of the concerned enterprise(Tsohou and et. al.,
2015).
 Gives various tools to solve the complex problems – It is the another toll that a
business enterprise can use in this company can improved hardware by integrating it with
smarter applications of the computers software’s so that it is very easy to the Tesco
manager can research the data, analyse and examine it and than plan according to it. so
that company can solve the complex problem in an easy way and within a small amount
of time.
 Improved marketing - It is the best role of the information technology that is helpful in
the success of the business enterprise. In the context of the Tesco, manager use the
various tools like search engine optimization, PPC, Face-book to promote their products
digitally to attracts the wide customers base. it can also useful to find the new target
audience and build a marketing campaign to persuade the customers for buying the
products. but as the same time it contains the drawback as they includes high cost in its
installation and usage because of this company can make lots of expenses on it and if the
products are not sold that they face heavy loss.

 Leak secured information – Because of use of information technology the company can
face the problem of the leaking the information of the company form outside the
enterprise. It is the major failure of the organization. In context of the Tesco, manager can
hire a experts to save the data from the leaking and creeping by using various software so
that they cannot face any failure in the market place(Sittig and Singh, 2015).
Ethical and social issues that pertain to running business
Ethics refers to the frameworks that show the principles of right and wrong behavior of
the people and the organisation that acts as free moral agents. Social ethic refers to the
promoting the values to the society responsibility that shows the pillars of human dignity and
human rights. The issues related to the ethics and social presents as a toxic genomics because
this involves the information related to privacy and the confidentiality. It includes the various
issues like health insurance discrimination, employment discrimination, individual responsibility,
race, ethnicity and the implementation. In context of the Tesco, ethical and social issues are
represents below that is pertaining to running a business(Lugmayr and Grueblbauer, 2017).
 Social media – The main ethical issue that is face by the Tesco is the widespread nature
of the social media. On this employees are spending their lots of time due to this they can
share their working experience though their. it shows the breaking the ethical
responsibility for the employee side because they share the working condition and
influence people to review on it. Because of this company can more focus on this issue
because it can spoil the company image and goodwill on larger audience? for this
manager can make some policies regarding the use of social media so that employees
cannot do the mistake. if they do so they get the high punishment for this(Ota and Plews,
2015).
 CSR- It is the one of the major social issue that aims to helping and optimizing the
benefits of the businesses, stakeholders and prevent them from any damage. it includes
the various aspects like human working rights, environment, corporate governance,
consumer interest and taxes. In context of Tesco manager need to focus on the human
right by placing the proper benefits and security regarding the jobs. in this they can also
provide the better condition of work, follow proper labor standards so that the image of
the company can maintain and also encourages employees for doing the best work. it is

very important to follow the corporate social responsibility so that the society cannot
harm and the employees are retaining with the business.
Identify and differentiate between different types of networking technologies
Network technology refers to the use of connecting the people from one place to another
either in a building, town, city or worldwide. it can connects the person by using satellite, optic
cable, wireless connections. it helps in building the infrastructure on which information is relay
through communication. It includes various network like LAN, WAN and MAN. These network
are different from each other there differentiation can be place below(Shiau, Chen and Tsai,
2015).
Basis LAN WAN MAN
Meaning It refers to that
network technology
that covers the small
area. In this
computers are
connected within a
limited area like in a
building, school,
university campus, or
an office building.
The main example is
the WIFI that helps in
connecting the whole
building.
It refers to the wide
area network that is
more complex than
the LAN because in
this computers can
connect through large
physical distance area.
It can connects the
large computers and
low voltage devices
by using remotes and
due to this persons
can connects and
communicate when
they are present on a
long distance. in this
internet is the best
examples that helps in
connecting the whole
It refers to that
network technology
that is wider than the
LAN but smaller than
the WAN. It can
connect the whole
city, a town and
limited area smaller
than the WAN. It can
be useful for the
medium size
organisation to
connect in the local
area.

world together.
Ownership The ownership in this
type of network is
private.
This type of network
technology is might
not be owned by one
organization.
The ownership of this
type of network is
private or public.
Speed In this the
transmission speed is
High as compare to
other two.
In this the
transmission speed is
low as compare to
LAN & MAN.
Transmission speed of
the MAN is average
not more and not less.
Propagation and
congestion
The delay related to
propagation is short
and congestion is less.
In WAN propagation
delay is long and
congestion is more.
It includes the
moderate delay in the
propagation. Whereas
congestion is more as
compare to the LAN.
Maintenance and
tolerance
The maintenance and
design of the LAN is
easy but it contains
more tolerance.
In this network
technology
maintenance is very
difficult and there is
less fault containing
in tolerance.
In this maintenance is
somewhat difficult as
compare to the LAN
but is contains less
fault in tolerance.
For Tesco WAN is the most effective networking because it helps in connecting the
world and provides the service to communicate worldwide. As the company is large organisation
and place their presence in most of the countries due to this they need to use the WAN so that
they can communicate to each other and takes the decision as per the organizations benefits. This
technology helps the firm to expand their network in all over world and also helps in attracting
the large number of investors, clients and customers from the worldwide. it also helps the
business firm to distribute their work load and decrease the travel charges(Biswas and
Muthukkumarasamy, 2016).
Importance of intranet and internet
Internet refers to the system of worldwide computer networks that provides the
variety of information and data to facilitate the communication that is consists of interconnected

networks by using the standardized communication protocols. It is the best source as per the
today’s demands that help the business to expand and explore their entity globally. For Tesco, it
is very beneficial source of earning high profits and market share in a short period of time. it
contains various importance that can be shown below in the concerned organisation(Urquhart
and Fernández, 2016).
 Marketing – the main importance of using the internet in the business organisation is
that it helps in offering the best platform to marketing the products and services in the
current business environment. In this Tesco can choose the variety of options to promote
their products and attracts the large customer base. in this social media and search engine
optimization is the best source of marketing the business and the products that helps in
earning the high amount of profits.
 Creating image – The main importance of internet is helpful in creating the brand image
in front if larger audience within a smaller period of time. In this Tesco can choose the
Social media platform like Face book, Instagram, and You-Tube to place their presence
online and attracts the large customers on a global level.
 maintains the relation with customers- It is the another importance for business is that
it helps in maintains the relations with the customers by using official websites, talking
feedback from online selling the goods online and delivering the products. This helps the
Tesco to maintain the good relation and retain the customers in the company.
 Internationalization – It is the main importance that helps the Tesco to internationalize
their business and attracts the customers from all over the world and sells their goods
globally. This helps in increasing the GDP of the country and image of the company. As
it also helps in earning foreign currency and enhances the business growth.
Intranet refers to the private network that can be used by the authorized user. In
organisation it is used to communicate the information to employees, manager etc. it is the best
source to managing and maintain the discipline within the organisation. In context of the Tesco,
this is useful to provide the information to employees and this also helps in increasing the
productivity of an employees. It includes various importances that can be shown below(Fujihara
and et. al., 2015).
.

 Promoting effective communication – The best importance of the intranet in the
business enterprise is that they can improves the communication and maintains the teams
coordination. In context of Tesco, in this intranet can be use to share information and
comment and provide feedback. This will place an empowerment in the individual
behavior and due to this every employees feel secure and happy at the environment of the
workplace.
 Provides clarity in organisation- Using intranets in the Tesco helps in clearly provides
the charts and graphs for taking the important decisions. Because of this manager see that
the a rich layer can covered the employees and they clearly understand what can they do
for achieving the task.
Explain the different stage of system development life cycle
System development life cycle refers to the framework that includes the six stages
that helps in creating the hardware system, software system to meet and fulfills the demands of
the customers. it can be shown below(Melucci, 2015).
 Planning – It is the first step for successful system in this Tesco can make a plan for this
they need to indentify the problem related to the objectives and resources that is based on
workforce and costs. for this they to identify in what amount they can financial resource
and evaluate the workforce performance so that they get proper training for completing
the task.
 Analysis – In this stage manager of the Tesco can determine and research the expectation
of the current users about the system. so that they can give the information to their
employees and they start their work for satisfaction. In this manager can share the vision
about the products to their employees so that they can work on it.
 Design – after completing the second stage the manager can inhales the good
understanding of the customer expectations. After that they can design the structure and
convey it all functional, technical and manufacturing department to work as per the
design so that task can be achieved on time.
 Implementation and deployment – It is the stage of executing the plan. In this manager
of the Tesco can focus on the actual code and examine that if the system software
contains the hardware that the implementation phase is the configuration to meets the

final requirements for the system. In this the system and products is ready to serves to the
customer. in this they provide the proper awareness of using the products and familiar
with this.
 System testing and integration – This step shows the testing procedure in this company
can test the system if it is performed better as per the customer expectations or there is
need to change. in this manager can check the system to their design and at this time they
can analyses the predicted and desired results.
 System maintenance - It is the last stage that shows the manager of the Tesco can
examine it on the continuously basis for further improvements so that the system is not
obsolete and gives the results as per the expectations(Zuboff, 2015).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is to be concluded that the use if information technology is very
essential in any field especially for successful business organisation. It contains various roles that
can suggest the success and failure of the particular business entity in the marketplace. It can also
help in showing the various ethical and social issues that can helpful in running a particular
business enterprise. It can also include the literature review that can showcase the summary form
the author’s point of view. it can also suggests the different networking technologies and also
shows the comparison between them so that organisation can use as per their ability to perform a
task. It an remove the hindrances that was present in performing the activities by using network
technologies. at last it can inculcates the stages of the system development life cycle so that task
can be done according the step without creating any issues(Ota and Plews, 2015).

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