Introduction to Information Technology - Importance, Software, Networks, and ICT

This report discusses the importance of Information Technology in today's world, different types of software, computer networks, and the impact of ICT on businesses. It also highlights the ethical and social problems related to IT and how it affects businesses. The report includes a case study of Morrison, a multinational retailer company, and how it uses IT to enhance its productivity. Course code and college/university are not mentioned.

INTRODUCTION
TO
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT :
Information technology has an crucial role in today's world. Information Technology is
defined as union of computer technologies and telecommunication technologies along with the
other technologies such as Database, Hardware and other equipment for the telecommunication.
Information technologies facilitates the determination of creating, processing and spreading in
the business performance. The success within the business enterprises is highly impacted by
information technology, as it helps in the analysation of the procedure for the goods and services
production in the business enterprises. There are both tangible and intangible advantages in the
information technology which help in developing the assets. The decision making within the
management is facilitated by the information technology also helps in connecting the customers
in best possible ways.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT :...................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
Analysation & Discussions..............................................................................................................4
Analysis over the several type of Software............................................................................4
Description about the ethical and social problems and the relative importance to operates in
the business.............................................................................................................................6
Identification and discussion over the impacts of computer network....................................7
The information and Communication technology (ICT) and the impacts of the internet and the
intranet over the business.......................................................................................................8
Influence of internet and Intranet over the business organisation..........................................8
Role of IT...............................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Information technology is wide term which helps in improvement, installing and the
usage of the telecommunication. Generally the information technology is the utilization of the
computer, hardware and software, creation, storage and transfer of the data and the information.
This information technology is the part of computer science, which elaborate the overall
structural study and processing of several types of data. The networking and some other storage
instruments are included in this. For the attainment of the organisational goal this technology is
utilised (Cho, Lee and Yang, 2018). Information technology is referred as an essential techniques
for increasing the competitiveness of economy within the country. Morrison is a multinational
retailer company and its headquarter is situated in Bradford, United Kingdom. This organisation
was established in 1958. This report includes discussion about various types of software and how
it facilitates the organisation and also discuss that the software is dependent on the hardware.
This report is mainly analyse the importance of the information technology and how it will create
an influence on business.
LITERATURE REVIEW
As per the view point of Thong and Yap (1995), The information technology is
characterized as the computer software which renders the support in management, action plans,
procedures in an organisation. With the help of Information technology, business environment
and their productivity can be enhanced.
As per the view point of Levy et. al, The arrangement between the action plan and the
information system, affabibility and the functioning of the system as important part in business
performance.
According to Sarosa & Zowaghi, For the creation, processing and storage of data,
organisation uses the information technology. This facilitates the easy way communication.
Analysation & Discussions
Analysis over the several type of Software
Software is a group of lessons, programs or information which is utilised to control the
computers and to put it into practice for particular tasks. It is a bundle of programs to execute a
purpose. Data is present in the soft copies form which is intangible; mainly it is entirely
contradictory to hardware.

Types of Software
Programming Software- This is defined for that computer who works on code. The language
included in this are C++, Python, Laravel and several others which translate in the language
which the computer understand. Morrison uses this to translate the information in the computer
language (Helvik and et.al., 2020).
Driver Software- These are the hardware drivers, they basically controls the hardware devices.
With the help of these software several hardware parts easily gets connected to the devices for
the communication among the operating system.
Application Software- This software is developed for the end operators. This is common
software used by the organisation. This facilitates the performance and helps in attainment of the
desired goals. It includes the internet browsers, Microsoft offices, photo editing software’s.
These types of software’s are used by the Morrison such as HCM, Word and many more to attain
the goals (Lu, Li and Jiang, 2020)
Utility Software- This facilitates the effective & efficient working of computer. It controls the
system in organising and maintaining along with the improvision in the computer system. This
software manages the file, backups, antivirus, data and management tools.
The most essential software is the Application software as it permits the computer to
perform the task. Application software facilitates the business operational system and as a
resultant save the time as well as money because the maximum task are completed in minimum
time and in full efficiency. Basically this software is developed to execute the particular duty and
makes the system more useful. This software has the capability of simplifying the task which is
complex and time taking (Piattini and et.al., 2021). This results in desired outcome so most of the
company uses this software. The Application software has numerous benefits like it enhances the
experiences of the users, increased the productivity, helps in decision making, maximize the
usage of information. Morrison works with this software and highlighted the functional area and
operations.
Hardware and software both are the fundamentals of the computer operating
system. Both the fundamentals are mutually dependent on each other. Software does not work
without the hardware support. But without any information given the hardware tool is of no use.
Software is not much expensive but hardware are very expensive. The software and the hardware
both can be considered as the core of digital computer (Barham, Dabic, Daim and Shifrer, 2020).

Hardware includes the components such as CPU, keyboard and mouse and when these
components are absent, the software cannot work. Software is completely dependent upon the
hardware to execute a specific task. A software component operates with the hardware. Hence,
from the above analysis it can be believed that both the elements are mutually dependent upon
each other and the software does not operate without the hardware (Neufelder, 2018).
Description about the ethical and social problems and the relative importance to operates in the
business.
This new trend of digitalization is constructing major influence and creating
pressure upon the community values. Through the information technology, there is a major shift
seen in the society. Some social and ethical problems are:-
Ethical issue
Misinformation and Fake rumours - This is the severe ethical complications of information
technology. Due to this business have to go through a severe losses which is occurring due to
misunderstanding or not getting access to proper information to gain a higher range of support
base. Rumours have an crucial part in it. Mishandling of info is very elevated in today’s world.
Private Information- This is the main ethical complications of the information technology
which demonstrate that how the business enterprises uses the private information. Data security
of is the major concern for the reason that the data can be get by any hackers and they can
misapply the private data. It can exploit the confidentiality (Collier, 2018)
Harmful activities - These activities can spoil or can generate trouble to the information
technology such as failure of possession, loss of assets, misapply of important resources.
Technology reflects the both sides i.e. negative as well as positive. Harmful activities may leads
to demolition of records which leads to loss of facts and figures.
Social problems
Cyber Bullying - Information technology has facilitates the various platform to harass
the citizens by taking the benefit of their private data. Cyber bullying affects the company
status; basically this is the case of offence.
Communication Breakdown – Communication is the essential factor of trading
business. It has been studied that the communication breakage is one of the mainly ethical
issue because in today’s time, each person is busy on their phones, laptops, tablets and the
physical contact is not happening as it should be and this builds a breakage. In context of

Morrison, miscommunication can form a clash or hurdles among the workforce (Düdder
and et.al., 2021).
Identity Theft – It is a different activity which is reaching to a very severe issue now
days. It is a social concern because the information can be hacked by any person and can
misapply the data which can be a threat for the business. Morrison furnishes several
safekeeping policy and rule to guard the private data.
Identification and discussion over the impacts of computer network
Morrison is an international organisation and expanding their products and services
throughout the geographical boundaries, thus it has become important to transfer the information
rapidly. The computer networks are a computer group which share the resources as per the
computer nodes. The computer networking can be defined as sharing of the resources when two
or more computers are linked with each other. The nodes include the hardware, servers and
personal computers which provide support to the several services and application software. The
common network used by the Morrison’s is as follow-
Local Area Network (LAN)- These are the networks whose scope is least like office block,
bungalow. LAN is the most practical network and is used by the business including Morrison’s.
This system scope is restricted up to 1 km radius, means it is applicable in the organization
region. In a simple workplace, LAN is linked with the other computers over the internet to render
the data. Morrison’s uses this network and develops a major influence over the company as it
links the several computer devices. The organisation has become very efficient and creative. It
helps Morrison’s in interaction with the diverse sides or entities of the diverse country (Smith,
2019).
Wide Area Network (WAN) - This is a simplest type to cover up the geographical region, it
covers the diverse area. This develops a connection over the devices from diverse locality around
the world. This facilitates the storage of data and also the interaction among the other end users.
Morrison’s take hold of the benefit from this network so as to associate with workforce and the
consumers globally (Parsania and Tootian, 2021).
Computer networks forms a considerable influence over the businesses. It provides
assistance to the organisation in attaining the targets. Wide area network guides the business in
making connection with worldwide workers, clients, stakeholders and some others in an valuable
approach. Both LAN and WAN provides assistance to the businesses and play a most important

job. The major benefit of WAN over the LAN is its dimension. LAN networks assist the business
in reduction of the cost because there are connected devices which shared information.
Morrison’s make use of WAN over LAN due to the reason that, the company is functional in
large area and it has to link with the world wide population with diverse sites. LAN tools are
linked with the WAN who affect the user understanding. Both the networks have their own
important role in the continued existence of business enterprises, LAN linked the connection
within the workplace region and WAN linked them to all over the world (Kalajtzidis, 2020).
The information and Communication technology (ICT) and the impacts of the internet and the
intranet over the business
The information and communication technology is a technique which assists in creation,
sharing or exchanging and the storage of the data. It facilitates the development of growing
industry rapidly. The computers, recordings, internet and the telephones are all included in this.
It is wide conceptualization which includes the methods of interpretation with the consumers by
the help of technology. For the consumer’s needs and desire ICT develops the business
effectively and respond efficiently (Ghalib, Kasem and Ali, 2019). There are several activities
included under this such as Researching, designing and the development or manufacturing and
many more. ICT increase the growth rate of the business organisation. It explains the essential
topics in the business organisation such as financial, economical and technological which has a
important part in the business development. All the digital technology are included under this
which facilitates the organisation in making connection with the worldwide individuals and in
othr works also.
Influence of internet and Intranet over the business organisation
Internet has huge range which gives several data and communication provisions by the
guidance of several communication conventions. It is global system which develops the
connection with the computer networks. Morrison take benefits of the internet in every possible
ways such as for the promotion of the products, sales strategies and offerings and within the
production. Now it seems it next to impossible to conduct business operational without the
internet (Kim, Lee and Lim, 2020). Each and every activity within the business organisation
needs the internet like in the production and manufacturing, in the sales and offerings; in
purchasing the products this all includes the application of internet so as to run the business
successfully. The business operational also implements the innovation and technologies which is

also a integral part of the internet (Nwadiugwu and Kim, 2019). For the modification in the
business organisation the best possible way is the internet. The business organisation can use the
internet to continuously update their customer about the new products. Morrison’s opted the
internet for the marketing and selling. With the help of social media, blogs, websites and email
the company is promoting their services and offerings. By using this organisation is able to pull
in the more number of consumer which is increasing the productivity of the organisation.
Intranet are generally utilised by the workers so as to search the data, communicate with
the world wide persons over the organisation and also for managing the flow of the work.
Intranet is basically a private and close network which facilitates the interaction among the
workers for the collaborations (Coppolino and et.al., 2021). It is source of securely sharing the
data or information of the organisation among the work force. There are several methods which
facilitates the business in the succession. Now a days , all the business organisation are run on
the information’s, Intranet helps in information sharing and continuing the engagement of the
workforce. By the use of digital forms the procedures within the business organisation is made so
simple that it enhances the productivity. Intranet also helps in time management because of its
navigation and it also improve the management system.
Role of IT
Information technology assists in analysation of the specific data and also helps in
formulating a plan for the further use. By the use of computer and software the business
organisation make use of information technology so as to complete the business operations in
easiest way possible. Information technology has essential role in organisation as it manages and
monitors everything (Nguyen and Doytch, 2022). There are some roles of IT which facilitates the
work of manager in managing the business are –
Communication within the organisation:- This is the most effective role of information
technology in business organisation which works through various platforms such as mail,
video, chats etc. It facilitates the virtual meetings among the employee and the customers
across the globe without spending of any penny and time on travelling. By this process
communication happens in quick and effective ways. It makes the business organisation
able to communicate with the millions of customers across the world at a time (Vega-
Hernández, Patino-Alonso and Galindo-Villardón, 2018).

Decision making process:- In according to situation, information technology helps in
making the decision. Market research can be executed in many ways with the help of social
media, surveys and other platform which facilitates the decision making within the organisation
according to the research and surveys conducted. The accuracy of the data is maintained by this
online platform (Çavuşo, Alemdar and Onur, 2020).
Satisfaction of the Customer:- the essential factor for the success of the business is the
customers. The business reach the success only when the consumers of the are satisfied.
Communication facilitates the understanding of the needs and desires of the individual which
will be only possible through information technology as it provides various channels for the
connection with the pre existing customers through out the world.
Management of the resource- this is an integral part of the business for the success. In
consideration of the large scale organisation it is tough for the higher level of management to
manage all the resources in proper way. This all complicating process are managed by the help
of information technology by acquiring them by user friendly procedures. Most of the large
company make use of these cloud which is based over the solutions to manage the resources
(Kondratenko and et.al., 2018).
Data security:- The main aim of providing the security of data is to protect the data. The
department of information technology will make it sure that the data must be safe within the
company. For this the safe guarding the department of information technology has launched the
data protection laws so as to safe the data and avoid the corruption in it. To protect the data from
the hacker these law has been implemented. For the security production the total responsibility
is on the information technology department (Kumar, Kumar and Bhasker, 2018).
Conclusion
Information technology has an essential role in the business. It is an important part of the
business. It is concern over the every kind of organisation which are small, medium or even
large. In today's surrounding , it is next to impossible to operate the business with the execution
of the information technology. These two interdependent on each other. There is also a
discussion regarding how the ethical and social problems are influenced by the information
technology. The ethical and social problems are increasing by each passing days in the virtual
world. The network of the computers Like LAN and WAN are assisting in increasing the
performance. As discussed above, the information technology is guiding the business enterprises

for the efficient and effectively working. Internally and externally, The internet and the intranet
has the major role in organisational communication. They assist the business in rendering the
relevant information. The information technology has numerous roles which assist the manager
in managing the operational procedures such as decision making , providing security to data of
the organisation , proper managing the resources and so on. Organisation efficiently execute
their functioning with the help of information technology. This can be concluded from the
above report that the execution of the business organisation can be done efficiently and
effectively with the help of information technology's.

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