CFPBUS003: Introduction to IT Report on Tesco's IT usage

This report provides an in-depth analysis of Information Technology (IT) and its application within the business context, using Tesco as a case study. It begins with an introduction to IT and its significance in enhancing business productivity and efficiency. The literature review identifies IT's crucial role in business operations, emphasizing its impact on customer satisfaction and global reach, while also acknowledging its potential for causing business failures due to improper utilization, technological enhancements, and complexity. The report further delves into the ethical and social issues associated with IT, such as access issues, harmful actions, patent rights, and literacy levels. It then explores various networking technologies employed by Tesco, the importance of the internet and intranet, and the stages of the system development life cycle. The analysis and discussion section synthesizes these elements, leading to a conclusion that underscores the importance of IT in modern business operations and its associated challenges. The report concludes with a comprehensive list of references.

Introduction to
information technology

Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................3
Literature Review.......................................................................3
Identification of role of IT within organisation............................................................................3
Ethical and social issues...............................................................................................................4
Networking technologies..............................................................................................................6
Importance of intranet and internet..............................................................................................6
Stages of system development life cycle......................................................................................8
Analysis and Discussion..........................................................10
Conclusion...............................................................................10
References................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Information technology is defined as the examination in which development and managerial
concepts are propounded in order to be used by individual for personal and professional use. The
major objective of IT is to provide higher productivity to the business so that goals and
objectives can be aligned. Besides this by using technology in ultimate manner higher
productivity can be rendered to the business due to which an individual may feel higher efficacy
in completing some particular tasks (Rajaraman, 2018). This report is covering major aspects of
IT and its use in the business. The organisation taken in this report is Tesco which is regarded as
a prominent British multinational grocery chain situated in multinational regions. The company
is headquartered in UK along with that Tesco is one of the most significant business organisation
which using IT as their major aspect in order to operate business in effective manner. This report
is covering major aspects related with succession and failure of the business by using IT as the
major support. Besides this the report is going to cover different types of network typologies and
their significance related to internet and intranet business along with system development life
cycle.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Identification of role of IT within organisation
As per the views of Tomany, A., 2016, IT is one of the crucial aspect which is helpful for the
business to complete various tedious operations in early point of time. With the help of
prominent IT tools a business can perform various tasks associated with marketing and research
in effective manner as this could help the business to take decision in easy and effective way.
Effective decisions can be taken by the company when appropriate IT is used and through which
prominent succession options can be inhaled as well. In succession of the business IT plays
significant role and these significance are elaborated as under:
 Real Time Customer Satisfaction: With the help of appropriate IT techniques customer
grievances can be solved in easy and real time manner. This may help Tesco to attain
higher customer satisfaction and in this manner market prominence for offerings. This is
helpful for Tesco to grab high edge in market growth and competitive edge as well.

 Global Reach: With proper assistance of IT working span of business can be enhanced
and this may lead in grabbing higher customers from global range. Hence with the help of
appropriate IT assistance Tesco can enlighten their business along with dealing in market
growth as well.
Role of Information Technology in Failure of a Business:
IT may hamper the business in negative manner as in this context sometimes IT can be
proved as negative aspect which may lead the business to face failure. In this context some of the
aspects are elaborated as under:
 Improper Utilization: Technology is one of the prominent aspects when it is utilised in
appropriate manner may lead in higher growth but at the same time when underutilised
then this may create barrier for business growth. Appropriate utilisations of IT resources
are highly necessary which could help the business in their developmental stage.
 Technology Enhancement: This is defined as the updating with technology as in context
of current market aspects of market are highly dynamic due to which changes occur in
frequent manner. In the trend of continuously changing of technology high risks are
generated in which scope and growth of the business get stopped.
 Complexity: When technology is used by business due to its complex nature productivity
of the business get minimised and due to which hurdles are faced by managerial
authorities. In this case growth opportunities can be minimised by the business and
failure can be seen in short run.
Ethical and social issues
According to Nuseir and Ghandour, 2019, ethics and morals of a business are defined as face
of the organisation in which when these are not followed then this may led in creation of
negative image of the business. In current time due to high market competition this is imperative
that to manage and imply ethical guidelines in effective manner so that to enhance brand image
and survival options for the business (Ahmad, 2017). In relation to IT there are various ethical
and social issues which are being faced by the business during implementing any IT techniques

in proper manner. These issues may be of high seriousness and may create high disturbance
within business. Some of the issues related to IT and ethics are elaborated as under:
Access Issue: For giant organisation such as Tesco this is difficult for the management to
manage data in optimal manner which are related to their customers and products. Thus in order
to manage data in effective and error free manner IT techniques are used by these business so
that to enhance business efficiency and competiveness. When issue of accessibility is faced by
the business this may lead in decreasing overall image of the organisation in which serious
implications can be inhaled by the business. Making of secured networks which are undertaking
internet as mediator is not easy. So in order to deal with this Tesco is required to undertake
measurement of appropriate care so that to minimise options of hampering goodwill of the
business in negative manner.
Harmful Actions: Harmful actions are defined as those negative consequences that can be
faced by the business and these lead in losing market share, losing of required information due to
which substantial impact over the business can be ascertained. These are related with theft of
data and lowering ownership which are caused by attacking of viruses and other malwares
(Shanmuganathan, 2016). These activities are performed by professional hacker and other
authorised personnel. In order to minimise these issues Tesco is required to install virus
protection software in their system so that to minimise control of outside parties and to save
information existed within the organisation. Thus ethics principles are helpful in minimising
interference of outside due to which data of customers and organisation can be saved.
Social issues
Social issues are defined as the issues which are associated with society and citizens in which
high implications are drawn over liking and disliking of customers. These issues are arising in
circumstances in which sentiments and feeling of people get hurt and leads to go against of
ethics. Social issues with IT are keeping high negative impact in which negative judgement of
society can be propounded (Taherdoost, 2018). After analysing these issues the most prominent
challenge is associated with addressing them as these issues may be treated as the biggest aspect
within normal course of business. Some of the social issues associated with IT in respect of
Tesco are elaborated as under:

 Patent: One of the biggest issues related with IT is patent of rights which are being
invented. This is prominent for organisation to address these ethical issues in appropriate
manner. In current time providing security to the business and idea is not an easy task and
this is the major reason that these issues are prominently handled by tycoon business such
as Tesco. This is due to the reason that at the time of patent all the information are to be
disclosed in direct manner due to which programmer may misuse of information which is
being provided to them.
 Literacy Level: This is not an easy task to determine those locations which are laced
with educated people and those are aware about information technology as well. In this
manner there are varied opportunities in which businesses are required to deal with such
aspects in order to spread awareness and to tackle customers on effective manner. Thus it
can be said that social issues may lead the business of Tesco in direct manner by which
queries of various dimensions can be addressed.
Networking technologies
Tesco is associated with numerous networking technologies in order to assist in
improvising overall quality or working abilities. The company is using internet and intranet in
order to enhance working style of employees by which needs of customers can be satisfied.
Tesco is monitoring performance of their employees by using networking technologies within
their organisation. Tesco is facing various issues and these problems are to be solved so that
various technologies can be used within organisation in optimal manner. This aspect is going to
help employees in enhancing their skill set and capabilities (Soomro, Shah and Ahmed, 2016).
Employees are related with the organisation in direct manner and in which business performance
can be enhanced.
Tesco is having wide portfolio of employees in which employees are required to
coordinate in sufficient way and through various networking technologies quality can be
enhanced.
Importance of intranet and internet
Internet is defined as the global technology which is providing numerous information’s to
people in order to communicate in optimal manner and to establish communication within

standardised protocols. This is categorised as grid of interconnected computer networks in which
internet protocols such as TCP and IP are added by communication can be included. This
networking includes numerous levels bandwidth data lines and these are regarded as backbone of
internet.
In current time usage of internet is going wide and drastically increasing as well. Digital
marketing is trending as well due to which businesses are using e-commerce business models in
order to thrive for success. Internet is helpful for businesses in order to connect with their
customers and various clients as well. With the help of internet buying behaviour of customers
can be examined and data of customer can be analysed. So this can be said that internet is helpful
for the business to provide new business insight along with providing prominent way of
performing business as well.
Uses of Internet
Within overall population in the world 1.8 billion people are using internet in proper
manner. So this is essential for the business that they attain higher benefits from internet in order
to attain competitive advantage. For business internet is playing significant role and essentialism
for internet is enumerated as below:
 Research Competition and Clients: Huge data are available on the medium of internet
and these data can be used by internet in order to research about their own performance
and competitors as well. Besides this with the help of internet comparison between own
performance and competitors performance can be enumerated (Held, 2016).
 Buy and Sell: This is defined as the basic utility of internet in which businesses are
engaged in selling and buying various products and services by undertaking internet as
mediator. Online selling is one of the major aspects which is helpful in minimising needs
of retail stores. Besides this with the help of internet role of middlemen can be eliminated
as well.
 Advertising: Businesses are having power to attract more people by using internet as
their mediator. This is allowing the marketer to reach out to their targeted customer so
that to manage them in prominent manner. Internet is an affordable tool which is helpful
for businesses in advertising their products and services in economical manner.

Intranet
This is defined as the network in which information can be shared using various
corporate tools and operating system so that the same can be utilised by an organisation for
managing the business in sufficient way. This is the technology which is used by varied business
organisation by which ease for managing functions can be performed. This could be helpful for
the organisation to inhale higher communication so that to establish appropriate linkage between
different information and applications retained within database. This is helpful in improving
level of security as database is being managed by such networks and this leads in managing
overall security in direct manner.
Importance of Intranet in a Business
Intranet is associated with higher importance within business as there are various reasons
for which intranet is holding high degree of significance and the same are elaborated as under:
 This is helpful in smoothening regular business activities in which tasks can be
performed in appropriate manner.
 This is helpful in building relationship with employees and other directorial level due to
which information can be floated in fast manner (PAN, 2016).
 This is helpful in increasing employee engagement and by this centralised information
can be locked up.
 This lead in making corporate culture highly prominent as by using intranet within
organisation and this is helpful in enhancing interaction with organisation.
Stages of system development life cycle
Stage development life cycle is defined as the process in which different stages are taking
place such as planning, analysing, designing, implementation and many more. On configuration
of hardware and software system cycles are applied. This is composed by both hardware,
software or only hardware and software. This cycle is consisting of seven stages and the same
are discussed as below:

 Planning: This is regarded as the first step which is used by the business in order to
acquire various resources. This is used by the manager within an organisation and this is
the first plan of action which is helpful in bringing new infrastructure to the business
through which service and product quality can be enhanced. The major objective within
this stage is to recognise problems and their solutions as well. Under this strategies are
identified which are related with time, cost and items as well.
 System requirements and analysis: This is known as the second stage in which working
processes are taking place which were identified within planning stage. Under this stage
best possible solution is being identified and the same can be applied to the problem as
well. Under this stage needs of user are identified by which expectations of the project
can be met in significant manner.
 System design: This is regarded as the third step in which required features and
specifications are identified through which business operations can be executed in
significant manner. This is known as the process under which various aspects are
included such as modules, architecture and other interfaces. This is helpful in
understanding and fulfilling needs of business units (Berger and et. al., 2019).
 Development: This is regarded as the fourth stage under which software is being
developed in relation to project requirement and prototyping so that to work within given
codes. This is the ending of initial development process.
 Testing: This is known as the fifth stage in which testing of quality code is performed.
Under this stage evidences and principles are tested and in this manner quality assurance
stage can be performed.
 Implementation: This is known as the sixth stage in which work codes for the program
are propounded and production programs are initiated in such a way that old system can
be replaced and new one can be cut over in direct manner.
 Maintenance and operations: This is the last stage which is allowing end user to
enhance their productivity and capabilities in order to develop additional requirements.

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
The organisation is required to recognise needs of their employees and for this IT is used
by them by which prominent quality of product or services can be rendered to customers. In
order to improvise performance, different needs are required to be identified. In this manner cost
are required to be reduced so that to attain prominence within market. The employees are going
to help the business in order to enhance overall business performance (Lupu, Piroi and Stefanov,
2017).
CONCLUSION
From the above detailed report this can be concluded that IT is playing significant role
within business and in enhancing overall business performance as well. The major objective of
this system is to improvise overall quality of work and performance and implement innovation as
well. Thus it could lead the business for leading productivity and growth opportunities as well.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Ahmad, S.S., 2017. An introduction to DARC technology. Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology.
31(1). pp.38-41.
Berger and et. al., 2019. Digital or not–The future of entrepreneurship and innovation:
Introduction to the special issue.
Held, G., 2016. Introduction to light emitting diode technology and applications. CRC press.
Lupu, M., Piroi, F. and Stefanov, V., 2017. An introduction to contemporary search technology.
In Current Challenges in Patent Information Retrieval (pp. 47-73). Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg.
PAN, X.B., 2016. Introduction to Computer Application in Sports. DEStech Transactions on
Computer Science and Engineering, (wcne).
Rajaraman, V., 2018. Introduction to information Technology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..
Shanmuganathan, S., 2016. Artificial neural network modelling: An introduction. In Artificial
neural network modelling (pp. 1-14). Springer, Cham.
Soomro, Z.A., Shah, M.H. and Ahmed, J., 2016. Information security management needs more
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Management. 36(2). pp.215-225.
Taherdoost, H., 2018. A review of technology acceptance and adoption models and
theories. Procedia manufacturing, 22, pp.960-967.