Introduction to Information Technology

This report provides an introduction to information technology and its role in organizations. It covers topics such as the importance of IT in business success, ethical and social issues, different types of networking technologies, and the system development life cycle.

Introduction
to information
technology

ABSTRACT
This report is based on the information technology which helps in the smooth functioning
of an organisation and can help is making the transaction in an easy way. In this report the part
one is the introduction which covers the overview the IT and the organisation. The second part is
the literature review in which the information is collected from the different sources like the
books and journals, internet. Different types of the networking are also being studied in this
report so that the decisions can be made by the organisation in an easy way.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................................................................1
Role of IT in the success or failure of a business........................................................................1
Ethical and social issues associated with running businesses .....................................................2
Identify and differentiate between different types of networking technologies..........................3
Discuss the importance of Internet and Intranet in a business.....................................................4
Different stage of system development life cycle........................................................................4
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Information technology helps in designing, developing the computer based information
for enhancing the applications of computer software and the hardware. It is an exchange forms of
the electric data in which the data can be transferred easily and helps in facilitating the
communication in a proper manner (Bawden, D. and Robinson, 2015). It helps in enhancing the
productivity and helps in saving the time, money so that the task can be performed easily in an
organisation. Amazon is an American multinational technology and was founded in the year
1994 and had its headquarters in US. Amazon company has its focus on the digital streaming,
cloud computing and e-commerce. The topic covered under this report are the role of the IT in
the success and the failure of the organisation, ethical and the social issues, different types of
networking technologies, importance of internet and intranet and the different stages of the
system development life cycle.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Role of IT in the success or failure of a business
It helps in attaining the data and helps in accomplishing the task in a given period of time.
It helps in storing the huge information quickly and help in accomplishing the task with the little
cost and the reasonable time. Amazon company is using this technology so that the work become
easier and help in knowing the overall position of the organisation as it is an online store where
buying and selling takes place (Zuboff, 2015). Role of Information technology in the success
and failure of Amazon are given below:
Decision making: Information technology help in making the decision regarding the
online payments and accurate transfer of data can be optimized. Amazon company, use this
technology so that better decisions can be taken and help in providing the accurate information to
the customers who are dealing in the products online.
Financial service: Due to its advance technology online payments become easier and
there is an easy transfer of the money without any delay. Amazon company provides the online
payment services to its customers so that easy payment can be made and discounts are provided
to them.
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Lack of technical knowledge: The people have less knowledge about this technology so
they cannot be use this technology. Amazon Company may suffer loss as the people do not know
how to use the Amazon app or they do not know how to pay online Brewer, 2015.
Lack of Leadership: The leadership of information technology requires three areas
technology, business and the people if any of the factor is missing IT technology is failed.
Amazon Company may suffer because of the people as they do not know how to use it this leads
to loss suffer by the company.
Ethical and social issues associated with running businesses
Ethical Issues
Ethical issue arises when the given decision in an organisation creates a conflict in a
society and affects the moral principles. In this issue both individual and the business are
involved. Amazon Company helps in operating its business in an ethical manner so that customer
can gain the trust and use the Amazon with full confidence.
Decision making: These are the principals and the practices of the people involved in an
organisation. Security problems are the major issues which help in influencing the decision in an
organisation. Amazon Company decision regarding the security of online payment is very strict
and they should follow the norms which help in gaining the trust.
Privacy: It refers to the illegal use of the the sites and webs which are hacked by the
people should be avoided. They can easily hack the person information of the employees and
misuse it. Amazon should maintain high privacy by which the accounts of the customers cannot
be hacked and cannot misuse the information (Rajaraman, 2018).
Social Issues
Social issues refer to the issue which influence the citizens of the society and help in
solving the issue more effectively.
Identifying the theft: The important theft that can be raised from the information
technology is Theft. The third party users can easily hack the id of the individuals and take
benefit from it. They can do the transactions online which have a negative effect and sometime
the customers lose its trust in online transactions (Hemrungrote, Jakkaew and Assawaboonmee,
2017).
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Use of networking: networking is an important issue for the business by good networking
skills the performance can be improved and the smooth working can be done. Poor networking in
the Amazon helps in shifting the customer preference as they would not able to purchase the
product or sometime the transaction stopped in between.
Identify and differentiate between different types of networking technologies
Networking technologies refer to the exchange of the data. This type of technology is
used in the schools, colleges and offices. It helps in resolving the problem of troubleshoot and
can used to send the digital data easily. Different types of the networking technologies are given
below:
Local area network (LAN): It helps in connecting the devices like computers, laptops
which have the small range between 100m to 10km and was usually depends on its speed range.
IN this two or more computers are connected with each other and can transfer the data. Amazon
company is using this network so that easy transfer of the data can be their according to the
products Lloyd, 2020.
Wide area network (WAN): An area where the networking devices are connected is called
routes and that area is called wide area network. There are the two types of the wide area
network public WAN which is handled by the government and the Private WAN which is
handled by the departments of military or defence known as APRANET. Amazon company is
using the wide area network to cover the various parts so that the company can earn the revenue
and can have the profits.
Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN)
Ownership Ownership of local area
network is private
Ownership of wide area
network is public.
Speed Speed of the Local area
network is high
Speed of the wide area
network is low as compared to
local area network.
Tolerance The fault tolerance in the
Local area network is more.
The fault tolerance in the wide
area network is less.
Area Local area networks cover the Wide area network covers the
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small area like the building large geographical area.
Discuss the importance of Internet and Intranet in a business
Internet is the type of network which help in transferring of data in an easy way so that the
information can be provided and help in finishing the task on time. Internet helps in searching
the information and makes work easier. Intranet is also the type of the internet which is used by
the limited number of the people and is not available from everyone. Amazon is using this
internet and intranet services so that they can work easily and Amazon has online work so it is
necessary to have internet (Rahmelina, 2019).
Importance of Internet in Amazon:
Internet is important world wide as it helps in linking the people in the different areas so
that can connect with each other and help in providing the services in an easy manner. Internet
has various benefits by which the information can be collected in an easy way. Amazon
Company is using the internet services so that they can reach the consumer easily and can
provide them services which are benefit for both the company and the customer. Amazon
Company is using the internet services so that they can have a proper communication with their
customers and can fulfil the needs of the customers.
Importance of Intranet in Amazon:
Intranet is a private network and a type of internet which helps in connecting with the
limited number of people and can provide the limited services and the information to the
employees. Amazon Company is using the intranet as it helps in engaging the employees with
the products and gets their feedbacks so that they can perform better. Intranet helps in finding the
companies accurate and the relevant information which is sometimes needed to the employees
for the trust and the loyalty. Intranet helps in connecting the distributed customers of the Amazon
so that they can show interest and can communicate the customers so that their views can be
examined.
Different stage of system development life cycle
The development cycle of systems can be explained as the life cycle which is structured and
make the project completed from the beginning till the end. It is high quality software which
helps in providing the relevant information step by step in an organization (Xiang, Magnini and
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Fesenmaier, 2015). In context of the company, department of information technology is looking
for developing Electronic payment. Different stages of the system development are given below:
 Planning: The main purpose of the first stage is to find out the scope of the new
development and find its strength and the weaknesses. Amazon company is planning
for adopting the E payment strategy by updating its software in an organisation so
that there is easy transaction can be made and unique enough so that the customers
get attracted. Analysis: In this the performance regarding the new development is analysed and
work upon it so that the further decisions regarding the company can be taken.
Amazon should improve its E payment strategy and can work upon it so that new
development can easily review. System Design: It is the place where the blueprint of thee software is updated and trial
can be done on some sample areas and find its feedback. Amazon new E payment
strategy in which decision regarding the software’s are in final position and being
updated easily. Development and implementation: It is the step in which the designed software is
implemented and is the important step which help in gaining the reviews and the
feedback from the people regarding the new development weather it is beneficial or
not. Testing: It is the step in which the positive and the negative outcomes of the software
are given by the customers. Company should all its features according to the feedback
so that they can have growth.
 Maintenance: It is the last stage of the system development in which the software
upgrades its modification and the version .The company should follow all these steps
so that the development becomes easy.
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
In view of the information presented above, it has been analysed that Amazon should
adopt the new IT technologies which make the customers to attract more and can also have safe
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transaction system. It makes the positive relation between the employees and the customers. The
Amazon Company uses the advance electronic payment system which makes the customer
transaction safely and safe from all the frauds. Amazon Company gets benefit by launching this
service to the customers as they are free to make payment online and company started earning
the revenues and the profit by launching this system.
Illustration 1: Digital trends
From the above graph it has been observed that the business should focus on the digital
trends by updating its software so that the future growth for the Amazon company can
maximised and can earn the revenue. Amazon should connect with the different people and help
them to understand about this technology to earn profits in the future.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above mention report that Information Technology helps
in proper transaction and making the proper decision on time so that the company can connect to
different people in a less time. In this report different networks technologies are being studied
like the LAN and WAN. In this report the importance of the internet and the intranet in the
organization is been studied and the social and the ethical issues of the information technology
by which the negative impact can reduced and proper planning is done while the development of
the new system and its life cycle is studied in this report.
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REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Bawden, D. and Robinson, L., 2015. Introduction to information science. Facet Publishing.
Brewer, G., 2015. Introduction to Digital Technology. In Creative Education, Teaching and
Learning (pp. 11-14). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Hemrungrote, S., Jakkaew, P. and Assawaboonmee, S., 2017, March. Deployment of Google
Classroom to enhance SDL cognitive skills: A case study of introduction to information
technology course. In 2017 International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and
Technology (ICDAMT) (pp. 200-204). IEEE.
Lloyd, I., 2020. Information technology law. Oxford University Press.
Rahmelina, L. and et. al., 2019. The effectiveness of the flipped classroom model using e-
learning media in introduction to information technology course. International Journal of
Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET). 14(21). pp.148-162.
Rajaraman, V., 2018. Introduction to information Technology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..
Xiang, Z., Magnini, V. P. and Fesenmaier, D. R., 2015. Information technology and consumer
behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet. Journal
of retailing and consumer services. 22. pp.244-249.
Zuboff, S., 2015. Big other: surveillance capitalism and the prospects of an information
civilization. Journal of Information Technology. 30(1). pp.75-89.
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