Globalisation and the Impact of Social Media

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This assignment is a reflective essay on the module exploring globalisation and international business. The student focuses on the influence of social media and digital technologies on globalization processes, highlighting how businesses utilize these platforms for international expansion and cultural diffusion. They discuss the evolving landscape of globalisation, encompassing not just economic integration but also political frameworks and social values.

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INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL BUISNESS

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Table of Contents
ASSIGNEMNT 1:...........................................................................................................................................1
Introduction:...............................................................................................................................................1
Overview of the definition:..........................................................................................................................2
Internet: inception to present:....................................................................................................................3
Internet and globalisation...........................................................................................................................4
Impact of internet and social media on different types of globalisation:....................................................5
Impact on economic globalisation expansion:.........................................................................................6
Impact on political globalisation:.............................................................................................................7
Impact on cultural and social globalisation:............................................................................................8
Conclusion:..................................................................................................................................................8
Referencing:................................................................................................................................................9
ASSIGNMENT 2:.........................................................................................................................................11
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ASSIGNEMNT 1:
Introduction:
Globalisation is the term that can be defined as the concept that deals with integrating the
business activities, culture and political framework of the countries across the boundaries. This
results in developing the single world market and global economy (Bates, 2010). This is the
report that focuses on the concept of digital media and internet along with its impact on the
expansion of globalisation. This report aims at recognizing the three main areas of globalisation
and discuses about the relation between digital media and those areas with various examples.
Overview of the definition:
Digital media: digital media refers to the content of different types such as photo, video, written
content etc. which is encoded or is digitally compressed. It can be defined as the digitalised
content that can be transferred or shared through the medium of internet and also requires
computer networks (Song and Tai, 2007). The digital media follows the process of converting
the analogue signals into digital data. With the advancement in the technology and the internet,
digital media is all over the place now and everything can be shared without distant restriction
and because of digital media content. This requires understanding more definition such as of
internet.
Internet: internet can be defined as the facility that can be attained by accessing the computer
networks. It is a mechanism through which millions of people remain connected with each other
through a network on the World Wide Web (Ukpere, 2007). Internet has the capability that
allows the people to access the service related to any kind of information. The major aim of
internet is that it supports or facilitated the humans to communicate and share information. This
again requires understanding about a new term called World Wide Web.
World wide web: world wide web or popularly known as WWW is the space that allow the user
to keep the information, document and other web resources that can be uniquely identified as
uniform resource locater that is URL. It is very similar to internet but it is different though.
Internet is the network while WWW is the network space where the information is kept. Internet
thus provides a medium to share and access that information that is present on the WWW URLs.
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Social media: with the advancement in the internet and the web, a new technology has emerged
which has created a boon in the sector of technology and communication media. That is known
as social media. As the name suggests, it is the type of media that has been used for being social
or for communication purpose (Huang, 2007). There are many platforms available now a day for
the user to avail the facility of communicating with each other without any restriction of
distances. These platforms are known as social media platforms. Other than communication,
there are many advantages of social media which can be studied further in this report.
Globalisation: globalisation can be defined as the concept that facilitates the countries to
integrate their market to form a single united market in the global economy. This leads to
interconnectedness amongst the various countries (Marlina, 2013). It is referred to as the on-
going process that links the people, cities, markets, economy, and culture tec. It brings several
opportunities as well as the barriers. It can be of different types such as economic globalisation,
Cultural globalisation and political globalisation.
Internet: inception to present:
In earlier times, communication through great distances can be done by written communication
methods which were delivered by hand from one person to another that are known as, letters.
In the year of 1792, the telegraph was created. This permitted messages to be delivered through
long distances and was considered as the very fast service of that time (Dunning, 2012).
Although telegraph messages were not so long, this was an innovative way to transfer news and
information.
Although no longer popular outside of drive-through banking, the pneumatic post, developed in
1865, created another way for letters to be delivered quickly between recipients. A pneumatic
post utilizes underground pressurized air tubes to carry capsules from one area to another.
Radio and telecom are then developed. Both of these technologies are used by people even today
(Hopkins, 2011). The difference is that, there are many versions available now days for the use
of the people and the advancement in technology has improved the quality of these devices.
After that, technology has took new turn that was really amazing, in the 20th century, it
undergoes great changes and the first computer was developed in the year of 1940’s. As the

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computer developed, the people or the scientists were trying to figure out the ways in which
those computers find a network to get connected. This thinking of the scientists leads to the
invention of internet (Marginson and Van der Wende, 2007). Email was the first method that was
used and developed for the purpose of communication which was sent through the medium
called as internet. In the year of 1980’s, home computers were become very common and this
creates the demand of inventing something that can facilitate the humans to communicate
socially with their relatives and friends and it is the ear where the birth of social media took
place.
Social media is the platform that helps the user to communicate and make connections with each
other. It is compute based platform that is developed because of the advancement that has taken
place in internet. With the change in the internet and the technology, the social media platforms
have also undergone any alterations and mutations which are very much beneficial. After the
development of web 2.0, Facebook that is considered as the most popular social media platform
have opened to public. Social media is thought to be the platform that is democratized in nature
because it allows everyone to speak up their voice (Fosdick, 2012).
Internet and globalisation:
As discussed in the above section that internet is really an important part of the lives of people
these days. It has been analysed that it is not only affecting the individual and their workings but
also affecting the business activities. There are various networks that have been generated such
as LAN, MAN and WAN (Schmitz Weiss and Higgins Joyce, 2009). All these networks helps in
connecting the sever computers with the client computers. Thus, these are the networks that help
the businesses to share the information overcoming the barriers of distances. As businesses are
not restricted to the national land, it has been analysed that internet is supporting the businesses
to cross the borders and prefer their operation overseas. It can be said that globalisation can only
be possible after the advancement in the internet and information technology field in the 20th
century. Information technology and internet are the drivers that supports and catalyse the
actions of integrating the global markets in order to unite the market of different nations
(Reading, 2011). It is very difficult to make discussions on every single technological advantage
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but some of the successful and influential advancement and their impact on globalisation can be
studied.
Impact of personal computers: development of computer devices and installation of windows
makes the devices efficient enough to support the globalisation activities of the business.
Personal computers allow the business people to generate their own content and convert it into
the digitalised media and sent it to the devices to which they wants to share that particular
information all around the world and the medium through which this information travel is
internet medium. Later on, dial up connection has been invented that allow the user to connect by
emails. Not only emails but there are other options also available with the businesses to convey
their messages such as fax machines, dial up, etc (Kalay, Kvan and Affleck,2007). which also
require internet connection to transfer the data. This common platform gave individuals both
reach and scale, as they could create and distribute information in so many different ways and
send their information to so many more people around the world.
World Wide Web impact: the development and invention of World Wide Web have influenced
the evolution of globalisation greatly (Flew, 2007). Prior to this invention, internet was the
medium that was used to make the connections all over the globe but with the development and
involvement of World Wide Web in the businesses, the people got more exposure to post their
own digital content which can be seen by anyone who has the access to World Wide Web.
Internet can be defined as the series of networks that transfers stack of information at great speed
but that is the importance of the web is that it acts as the link or bridge between the computer and
the internet (Nugroho, 2008). Web is the element that has provides ease to the user to make use
of the internet. As the web has invented, the use of internet has increased and number of users as
well. Along with the number of user increase, it has been analysed that the invention of web has
also accelerated the pace of globalisation. The internet enhanced the growth of globalization
because it allows faster distribution of information almost promptly across the globe. With the
web now in place users needed a common way of viewing the web and a small company named
Netscape would give users what they needed. This company has developed the browser that
made the Internet accessible for almost anyone, because it gave everyone a common way of
retrieving and sharing information and digital content. In this way, people all over the world
could be guaranteed that someone across the globe was accessing similar information in the same
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way as they were and in that way people could communicate with people from all over the world
like never before (Aina, 2007).
Impact of internet and social media on different types of globalisation:
There are different areas of globalisation such as political, economic and social. This is because
the globalisation is supporting the integration of various aspects of the countries and not just the
businesses. conducting businesses overseas not only require the company o integrate the
economy and market but also require to accept the cultural and political framework of that
foreign country and integrating all of them results in actual globalisation.
Economic globalisation: it refers to the flow of services, capital and goods over the overseas
market that helps in strengthening the economy of the companies in both the nations who are
dealing with each other.
Political globalisation: this refers to integration and diffusion of the government policies at the
international level.
Social globalisation: this is also called as cultural globalisation that helps in integrating the
culture and developing the unity by accepting the various types of culture all over the globe.
Enhancement in the pace of globalisation and digital media advancement, internet and web
technologies are directly linked with each other. The development and integration of information
technology and communication elements such as internet, digital media, social media etc. are the
most important aspects of globalisation which plays a great role in developing and speeding the
globalisation activities in the world. Internet provides a great platform for the companies to
perform the activities of businesses which creates high development and improved
communication infrastructure. This also results in declining cost of business activities all over
the world (Mowforth and Munt, 2015).
Impact on economic globalisation expansion:
As far as the economic point of view of globalization is considered, it has been analyzed that
globalization is allowing the developed countries to outsource their work from the developing or
emerging economies such as India, Philippines and China (Artz and Kamalipour, 2012). This is
helping the developed countries to shift their focus on making innovations and expansion in their

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businesses and also helping the developing countries to have better finances and employment
opportunities. This develops a win-win situation for both the types of the economies. It has been
analyzed that any of the development in telecommunication and internet services results in better
economic conditions of the merging economy countries as compared to developed countries. For
instance, of China is taken into consideration, it has been analyzed that it is installing broadband
services to its urban area with great speed. Two third of China’s population is still untouched
from getting into online connections and this is the reason it has great potential to develop than
US. 30 percent of the whole market of China is into online retail marketing. In terms of social
media, there are various platforms that are available for the companies to develop and enhance
their communication strategies (Mossberger, Tolbert and McNeal, 2007). One of the major tools
that are available for the companies are Skype, Facebook, etc. even the small businesses can be
conduct international business activities because of these online sources or platforms. Many
good and services are traded these days over the countries because of the online business
activities. For instance, around millions of clothing companies are doing their business online
and sending their products from India to Pakistan, Bangladesh etc.
Because of digital media, many small proprietorship businesses now have an international
operating region. If the internet shuts down tomorrow, then it may affect the global economy
very badly. This is because of the dependency of most of the sectors like banking and financial
markets on the internet and online portals. Besides these, most of the MNC’s also perform their
business activities online and use the online communication tools to connect and share
information from the headquarters to the subsidiaries located at different countries. IBM is one
of the companies that more than 400,000 employees living in US, procurement operation are
based at China and data processing and accounting functions are performed by the subsidiaries in
India, Philippines and Brazil. This suggest that the functioning of the company is not only
benefiting the economy of its own country but also helping to raise the economy of the other
countries where the associated operations are being performed. These economies or the countries
are also becoming the multinational giants and grabbing the market share by opening their own
firms. Vodacom is the company that has developed its joint venture from South Africa/UK to
pan African wireless operator and serving the people in almost 70 countries (Moghadam, 2012).
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Impact on political globalisation:
In earlier times, politics remain in the national boundaries of the countries. National government
and political framework remains the ultimate element to be responsible for maintain the
economy and security of the country along with the welfare of the citizens. With the change in
global scenarios, the integration of the global economy took place along with other trends. Now
the political activities are taking place at the global level and are not limited to the national
boundaries. Due to globalisation, not only the businesses and the companies are integrating with
each other but the political policies of the countries are also merging (Martell, 2007). The most
popular example of this is European Union and inter-governmental organisations like
International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Trade Organisations etc. political activities
can also be integrate an merged through global movement and NGOs. Globalisation results in
reduction of importance of national boundaries and national political framework and leads to a
uniform political policy framework for the group of countries. The institution alike European
Union, WTO, G8 replaces the national political parties and institution in many countries. In this
also, internet and digital media is playing a great role. It has been analysed that through the
digital media options, it has been analysed that the governments are integrating their policies
with other countries and this is the medium that allow the government to circulate their policies
all over the world (Artz and Kamalipour, 2012).
Impact on cultural and social globalisation:
Cultural and social globalisation means transmission and sharing of ideas and cultural values
across the nations. The process of consuming and diffusion of culture can take place by the
media of internet and digital media. The circulation of the culture and the social values of the
country results in making better connections between the same. Cultural globalisation is not
limited to sharing of culture and social relations but it also involved formation of shared policies,
knowledge and information. Cultural globalisation leads to development of cross cultural contact
between the countries and isolated communities (Crane and Matten, 2016). For instance, Sushi is
available in Germany and Japan but Euro Disney outwards Paris. This results in reducing the
demand of French pastry. It has been analysed that when the social and cultural globalisation has
progressed because of the development of internet. This is because the people and the individuals
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from different countries can easily contact and communicate with each other. This result in
reducing the cultural and social discrimination between the communities and everyone gets to
know about each other’s culture and traditions. Social and cultural unity in the world results in
developing the scenario of peace.
Conclusion:
It has been concluded from the report that internet and digital media are the most important part
of globalisation and helps in expanding the different areas of globalisation such as political,
economic and social. With the advancement in the internet and invention of World Wide Web,
the business activities amongst the countries have also enhanced resulting in high pace of
globalisation. The digital media and internet affects the practices of globalisation in all the three
areas mentioned above.
Referencing:

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Aina, L.O., 2007, August. Globalisation and small-scale farming in Africa: what role for
information centres. In World Library and Information congress: 73rd IFLA general conference
and council (pp. 1-8).
Artz, L. and Kamalipour, Y.R. eds., 2012. Globalization of Corporate Media Hegemony, The:
Evaluating California's Imprisonment Crisis. SUNY Press.
Bates, R. ed., 2010. Schooling internationally: Globalisation, internationalisation and the future
for international schools. Routledge.
Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and
sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.
Dunning, J.H., 2012. International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE
International Business). Routledge.
Flew, T., 2007. New media: An introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fosdick, M.A.G.G.I.E., 2012. The globalization of social media: Consumer relationships with
brands evolve in the digital space. Strategic Direction, 28(6).
Hopkins, A.G., 2011. Globalisation in world history. Random House.
Huang, F., 2007. Internationalisation of Higher Education in the Era of Globalisation. Higher
Education Management and Policy, 19(1), pp.1-15.
Kalay, Y., Kvan, T. and Affleck, J. eds., 2007. New heritage: New media and cultural heritage.
Routledge.
Marginson, S. and Van der Wende, M., 2007. Globalisation and Higher Education. OECD
Education Working Papers, No. 8. OECD Publishing (NJ1).
Marlina, R., 2013. Globalisation, internationalisation, and language education: an academic
program for global citizens. Multilingual Education, 3(1), p.5.
Martell, L., 2007. The third wave in globalization theory. International Studies Review, 9(2),
pp.173-196.
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Moghadam, V.M., 2012. Globalization and social movements: Islamism, feminism, and the
global justice movement. Rowman & Littlefield.
Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C.J. and McNeal, R.S., 2007. Digital citizenship: The Internet, society,
and participation. MIt Press.
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and
new tourism in the third world. Routledge.
Nugroho, Y., 2008. Spreading the word, broadening perspectives: Internet, NGOs and
globalisation discourse in Indonesia.
Reading, A., 2011. Memory and digital media: Six dynamics of the globital memory field. In On
Media Memory (pp. 241-252). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Schmitz Weiss, A. and Higgins Joyce, V.D.M., 2009. Compressed dimensions in digital media
occupations: Journalists in transformation. Journalism, 10(5), pp.587-603.
Song, M.M. and Tai, H.H., 2007. Taiwan's responses to globalisation: Internationalisation and
questing for world class universities. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 27(3), pp.323-340.
Ukpere, W.I., 2007. The functional relationship between globalisation, internationalisation,
human resources and industrial democracy (Doctoral dissertation, Cape Peninsula University of
Technology).
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ASSIGNMENT 2:
Reflection:
The lecture and the module discuss mainly about the various concepts and aspects of
international business. It is the module that provides me with great understanding of the different
aspects of globalisation and international business. The module helps me in studying and
polishing my knowledge of global business enterprise. Initially I have developed all my
knowledge about the business enterprise and how these businesses enter the international
boundaries. Then I started getting the knowledge about globalisation and the changing trends.
This helped me in analysing the business situation of different industries in different countries.
Next part of the module helps in analysing the economic factors that got affected because of the
internationalisation of the businesses. Culture is found to be the great factor that also affects the
globalisation process; this is because t is required by the companies to culturally diffuse before
doing business with international countries. Our lecturers have supported our learning’s by many
case studies. This is because it helps in developing the practical knowledge. All these that have
been discussed above are the highlight of each of the module that I have studied in my course. I
have taken the topic of social media, digital media and globalisation because I want to brush up
my knowledge about the recent technologies and their impact on the expansion of globalisation. I
as an individual developed an in depth knowledge about the topic and read many case studies

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about how the businesses are using the social media and digital tool to enhance their businesses
overseas. After reading the module and making this assignment, I have realised that my
knowledge was very narrow regarding the concept of globalisation and its drivers. But, after
completing this, I have identified that social media is not just for communication and chatting but
it is playing a great role in enhancing the business activities not only in the country but also
across the borders. Earlier, I used to think that globalisation is only about integrating the business
activities and conducting business overseas but later on I figured out that integrating the political
framework and social values is also a very important part of expanding globalisation. Social
media has is a changed face now. It has become the medium to earn not on individual basis but
on national and international level. The scope of using digital media is so wide that I still have to
gain more and more knowledge about this concept.
At the end, i have concluded that a little efforts of mine in reading this module has given me a
great knowledge not only about globalisation but also about the concept of internet and its
advancement from year till now.
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