Introduction to UK Law

This report provides an introduction to UK law, focusing on the principles of separation of powers, parliamentary supremacy, and the rule of law. It explains the structure of the British constitution and its evolution over time. The report highlights the importance of clarity, stability, and application of law in protecting fundamental rights and promoting development. It also discusses the role of law in ensuring safety, security, and transparency in business and society.

Introduction to law

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.............................................................................................................................3
The separation powers............................................................................................................3
Parliamentary supremacy.......................................................................................................4
Rule of law.............................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
The constitution of any country distributes and regulates the state power. It actually
presents the structure of the states and the principles governing their relationship with one
another along with the state’s citizens. Britain is unusual as it has unwritten constitution
unlike other majority of the countries, there is no single document which has been set in place
and states the fundamental laws with respect to how the states works. The British constitution
has evolved over a very long time frame and has always reflected stability of the British
polity which made it never need to consolidate its constitution. But instead Britain has a
compilation of the various statutes, conventions, judicial treaties which are all together
referred to as British constitution and is preferred to call it as an unwritten constitution. In
this report,the different aspects of British constitution are covered like the separation of
powers, parliamentary supremacy and the rule of law with relevant examples.
MAIN BODY
The separation powers
UK is one of the states which does not have a written constitution and due to its
absence, there are claims that there is no separation of power in UK but it is not the case as it
do exist but in a weaker form as they overlap and work together.
The Executive Power:
This branch consists of the Crown and the government which includes the prime
minister along with the Cabinet of Ministers (Iyer, 2018). The executive majorly creates and
executes the government policies and the government is accountable to the parliament which
has the power to dismiss a government or force a election who either sits in the house of
Lords or Common.
The Legislative Power:
This power is held by the parliament. The parliament composed of the Monarch,
house of Lords and Commons. The Monarch has the nominal powers and listens to the advice
of the PM who in turn follows MPs. The House of Commons was made up of members of
parliament while the House of Lords was made up of unelected hereditary and life peers who
are appointed by the Crown and the Bishops of the church, therefore, house of commons is
considered superior in law making power.

The Judicial Power:
The function of this branch is to hear upon and the solve the matters of law. In UK, it has
other important function as well, which is to develop laws through their judgement
(Masterman and Wheatle, 2017). It mainly consists of thecourt judges and those holding
judicial office in tribunal. It is independent of the parliament and the executive after the
appointment of the judges.
Parliamentary supremacy
The parliament in UK has unlimited and unrestricted law making powers but only
parliament can make or change or remove any of the laws, in simple words, parliament has
all the powers and not even the court and the current parliament is not bound by any laws and
law passes by the current parliament can be undo by the future parliament (Palaiologou,
2018).This makes parliament supreme. The sources of parliamentary sovereignty can be
found in the statute law, common law and constitutional conventions. There are three
principles of it which are stated below.
Principle 1:
Parliament can state laws on any matter but politically it is not possible like it might
be impossible to enact the law which requires the both men and women to have a property in
terms of precondition for voting but the parliament can act in retrospective legislation. But
Article 7 ECHR and fundamental freedoms 1950 restricts the retrospective legislation in
respect to the criminal sanction.
Principle 2:
The parliament may bind the future subsequent parliament through entrenchment and
prospective clauses which is required to protect an act from being amended. But is not for
sure whether it is practically possible or not. This principle has always been the point of
argument.
Principle 3:
The principle 1 states that there are no areas where parliament cannot make law and
the principle 3 states that once the law is enacted its validity cannot be questioned. Parliament
knows that there is certain limitation on its supremacy but it is political limitation
(Romeo,2019). For example, when the statutes is contradictory to the international law then

in the UK dualist system, these provisions are not binding upon it unless the parliament is
willing to enact it.
Therefore, it can be said that legal sovereignty is not lost as the parliament maintains
its power. Parliamentary Sovereignty is still intact but is limited in respect to the political
sovereignty.
Rule of law
The rule of law is fundamental doctrine in which every individual person must obey the
law ethics and submit to various fundamentals of law where no person is above the law.
Principles of law
 Principles of law are widely important and integral part of law where it can be
analyzed that strong functional focus shall be given for programming wider
determinants and new reflective focus onto how specifically working paradigms are
enabled among general public. Principles of law are fragmented with the parameters
where clarity, publicised, stable and applied evenly and protect various fundamental
rights including various security of persons, commercial clients and contracts,
properties and various basic human rights factors tpo provide wider best working
efficiency among them. Principles of law are widely important and application within
constitution focuses onto varied factors and reflective synergy of effective application
through which all commercial business projects and personal safety standards are
evenly met. Clarity and purpose of various paradigms of britsh law also focuses on
longetivity of law where there are wide factors of growth within efficiency and the
transparency focused for gaining new level of technical advancement focused within
development standards (Lloyd, 2020).
 Current events and societal structures widely relate to this essay title where
introduction to various parameters of law are highly important with various nrew
development coming on into business scenario within UK . The wider new living
standards with higher commercialisation coming on among fundamentals there are
rapid chances of fraud and cheating among various standards of people where it can
be analyzed that law plays an active role for companies and business avenues to
conduct various development parameters. UK law constitution are highly important
for providing effective living convenience factosr of growth and rapid development
coming on. The essay title is highly correlative to the topics discussed as it programs

out various metrics and relative principles which are actively important for safety of
data and commercial factors of development among various start-ups. The title ahs
also enhanced various paradigms of structural growth within UK law and
propagandas where technical growth is vastly needed (Nutt, 2020). The new business
companies also have to keep their data safe and secure with help of law and
various=factors of technical advancement coming onto how new factors of growth
shall be focused within dynamic business culture.
CONCLUSION
The report has concluded in detail with wide explanation and details of UK LAW
which is widely developing with various new principles, factors of change and stronger
synergy of innovation coming onto law. The report also concludes term unwritten
constutition factors and how separation of powers and parliamentary of supremacy is focused
within UK law. Report also concludes various principles of UK law where clarity and
submission vision is focused onto vivid levels of competency and further more relation,
correlation of title of report with the various factors of current scenario within UK where
rapid dynamic development is undergoing are explained (Craig and de Búrca, 2020).

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Craig, P. and de Búrca, G., 2020. EU Law: Text, Cases, and Materials UK Version. Oxford
University Press.
Iyer, V., 2018. Separation of Powers: The UK Experience. J. Int'l & Comp. L., 5. p.507.
Lloyd, I., 2020. Information technology law. Oxford University Press.
Masterman, R. and Wheatle, S.S., 2017. Unpacking separation of powers: judicial
independence, sovereignty and conceptual flexibility in the UK constitution. Public
law., 2017(Jul). pp.469-487.
Nutt, D., 2020. New psychoactive substances: Pharmacology influencing UK practice, policy
and the law. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 86(3), pp.445-451.
Palaiologou, I.V., 2018. The Principle of Supremacy and the Response of Member States'
Constitutional Courts. Southampton Student L. Rev., 8. p.18.
Romeo, G., 2019. Conceptualizing Constitutional Supremacy. Bocconi Legal Studies
Research Paper, (3505412).