Introduction to Sociology: Perspectives, Approaches, and Sociological Theories

This report provides an introduction to sociology, including its perspectives, approaches, and sociological theories. It discusses how sociology can help individuals understand themselves and the world around them, and explores the functionalist and feminist perspectives and their similarities and differences.

Introduction to Sociology

Table of Content.
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................1
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................2

INTRODUCTION
The perspectives of the sociology can seeing via the the outside appearance of the actions
of the people and organization as well. The perspectives is generally one which can observe the
community via a lens without the personal opinions. It can specifically generalizes both the
causes and actions of a person into a patterns and categories as well. Therefore, if not only
observes these such patterns of the community but can also tries to expand such patterns or
behaviours as well. The concept of sociology can effectively help an individual to understand
themselves much better. In addition to this, without having the effective perspectives of the
sociology, a person can see the world via their less experience of a small orbit of a family as
well. In addition to this, it is generally a concept that can involve a mental construct which can
specifically represents some of the parts of the world in a very simplified manner. It is generally
an idea of class, or the distinguishing the two groups mainly based on their culture, income,
power and many more. In this report, it will cover the various different perspectives of the
sociology and common sense understanding. The sociological approaches can also help to
illustrate the social behaviours of an individual. Furthermore, there is also a discussion about the
approaches such as anthropological, economical, psychological as well as political approaches
that generally attempts to explain the social behaviours of a person in a different manner
(Matthewman and et. al., 2020).
MAIN BODY
The understanding of sociological concepts is that the behaviours of the humans is
generally shaped by the groups to which the people generally belong as well as by interacting
socially which can takes place among those groups. The understanding of sociology generally
involves the study about the social life of the humans. It can involve various sub sections to
study, generally ranging from an analysis of conversations to the development of the effective
theories to try to understand that who the whole world can works efficiently (Stebbins, 2018). It
is particularly a branch of social science which can use the systematic pathways of an empirical
investigations as well as the critical analysis in order to develop as well as can refine the
knowledge about the human social structure as well as their activities. In addition to this,
sometimes the sociological goals involve to apply such understandings and knowledges to the
pursuit of the government policies that are specifically designed to benefit the general social
welfare as well. In addition to this, the common sense is generally based on a person and a
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natural hypotheses whivh a person can make as well as can varies from an individual to another
one since the opinions are not similar among the groups. Therefore, there is quite close
relationship between common sense and the concept of sociology but there is still a gap within
them. Furthermore, the common sense can specifically differs from person to person as well as is
impacted by the customs and their beliefs of the family that one is born into it. However, it can
calls for no social alterations as well as can want the status quo. In context with sociology, it can
study the intricate details of the informations and the beliefs as well as can decides upon what
things can be applied and what cannot. The concept of common sense is mainly based on the
personal experiences but the sociological concepts can specifically looks at the community or
societies not in accordance with an individual's perspective but as an entire. Furthermore, the
common sense can improves as one's experience about several situations but the concept of
sociological can mainly demands the thoughts which are not merely the experience if an
individual (Connell, 2018).
The sociological perspectives can efficiently shapes the ability to make decisions within
an individual and the decisions that are made by others. The perspectives of the sociology can
generally help as well as can enable the people to better determine as well as can question the
various aspects of the community as opposed to the passively living within it. In addition to this,
it can help to explain who the thoughts, behaviours as well as the feelings of a person are being
influenced by the actual or imagined or can be implied the presence of the other human beings,.
In addition to this, the decisions that a person can make as well as the behaviours that are
exhibited can generally depend on not how much of the people are present but can exactly who
an individual is around. Such as a person is more likely to behave much differently when they
are around a circle of their friends than they would around a group of people or colleagues and
many more. It can generally encompasses a broad range of the social topics within the humans
such as social perceptions, group behaviours, aggression, leadership, the non verbal behaviours,
prejudice and many more (Brady, 2018).
The functionalist perspective is defined as the perception which is based on the society
viewpoint regarding the social group and community with the complex system whose part work
together in order to promote the solidarity and stability. It is defined as the approach that is look
at the part of society through the aspect of macro level that majorly focus in the social structure
that provide the shape to the society as the function which is describe as the whole. On the other
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hand, it is also deriving that the feminism perspective also focus on the various perspective
regards the social issue that is often overlook or show the aspect which is misidentified that is
already presented with the social theories (Catignani and Basham, 2021). It is also evaluated that
the women are usually facing some kind of experience which is related with the gender
subordination and identifies which is usually underlying the cause of the various issue which is
gender oppression. While taking the context of this two theory, the major similarities which is
arise in order to produce factor that the feminist believe that the different social group is a refer
as the patriarchy where men have the always a full control over the society and regulation. They
have right in order to make new laws or regulation within the society which is usually a part of
gender domination. The functionalist theory is defined as the functionalism who is usually
believe values which is also show the agreed upon through the value of consensus. The view that
show the similarities with the functionalism and feminism are both provide the aspect where the
theory is deliberately suggesting that the gender inequalities are usually existed as the efficient
way to create the division of labour or the social system in which is particular segment of the
aspect population is clearly taking responsible for the certain act which is also provide the impact
of labour and another segment is clearly that is responsible for the vision towards both of theory
(Fernàndez Gallego, 2021).
Functionalism Feminism
 While taking context of functionalism,
it helps to provide the support
stratification as some job which is more
essential than the other because they are
vital to the continuation of society.
these required a high level of skill and
education so should be rewarded
(Jerónimo Kersh, 2021).
 The amount of wealth and the
accountable prestige is usually linked
with individual and related with the
merit. Therefore, the inequality also
encourages the progression.
 The critical factor is also arising with
the structure of society as the part of
patriarchal and women in the gender
which is completely socialised to
become the housewives or the mother.
 The other associated factor which may
contributed with the women with
concern of feminism theory is that it is
significantly poor as comparison with
men because they experience glass
ceiling due to the sex discrimination
and gender expectation (Ng'ang'a,
Waweru and Karega, 2021).
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There is various type of institution which are effective and have high influence over the
society and large population. Here, apply the feminism influence people and society to
understand the concept and get involved in providing equality to every individual without any
type of discrimination (Peleh and et. al., 2019). This should be including the low, politics,
religion, state which are historically developed by men and are under influence of them. Through
using the male perspective, there is very few perspective has been involved regarding women.
Here, social movement includes the advocate about the social equality, political and economic
equality within men and women without any type of discrimination (Moreno and et. al., 2021).
Here, feminists include the religion as the patriarchal institution which maintain and reflects the
society where men are dominate. It includes the ideology of patriarchal which legitimate the
oppression of women.
Here, religion is one of the institution which are effective and can lead to create high
difference between men and women. There is high impact on dealing with better impact which
should be taken in care about the effective response. Here, religion includes high difference in
the religion where men are superior than women (Nyhagen, 2019). Here, in religion there are
very few women who are getting better and equality among men. This can lead to create high
impact on society. There is high influence which can lead to create high impact on providing
better perspective to religion which includes the equality within men and women in the
institution. In religion, women are seeming to be highly involved in but men are highly
domination which includes the social behaviour where men should also get involved in
performing all the activities which are performed by women but due to having less appearance it
includes that men are highly dominating in the institution. Here, through feminism it refers to
include women equal to men and influence better and effective behaviour (Failinger, 2019).
CONCLUSION
From above discussion, it can conclude that there is high impact of socially which can
affect individual life. This can include the study of social change, social life and social causes
along with consequences of human behaviour. It includes the social relationship, social
institution specifically. This can include the study of structure, collective behaviour and
interaction of people. There is discussion about the understanding of sociology which also
includes the common sense. There is also discussion about the sociological approach which can
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differ from social sciences and its attempts for explaining social behaviour. There is also
discussion about the two contrasting sociological perspective which includes feminism and
functionalism perspective. There is also discussion about the explanation of social function of
social institution.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Brady, J., 2018. Toward a critical, feminist sociology of expertise. Journal of Professions and
Organization, 5(2), pp.123-138.
Burns, K., 2018. ‘In this Day and Age’: Social Facts, Common Sense and Cognition in Tort Law
Judging in the United Kingdom. Journal of Law and Society, 45(2), pp.226-253.
Catignani, S. and Basham, V.M., 2021. The gendered politics of researching military policy in
the age of the ‘knowledge economy’. Review of International Studies, 47(2), pp.211-230.
Connell, R., 2018. Decolonizing sociology. Contemporary Sociology, 47(4), pp.399-407.
Failinger, M.A., 2019. Feminism meets law and religion: commonalities and critiques. Research
Handbook on Interdisciplinary Approaches to Law and Religion.
Fernàndez Gallego, B., 2021. The UN’s sustainable development goal 11 in Singapore: feminist
urbanisms and the right to the city of low-income women in global cities.
Frère, B. and Jaster, D., 2019. French sociological pragmatism: Inheritor and innovator in the
American pragmatic and sociological phenomenological traditions. Journal of Classical
Sociology, 19(2), pp.138-160.
Jerónimo Kersh, D., 2021. ‘Fighting for the Right’: A Functionalist Oral‐History Analysis of
Conservative Brazilian Women from the Military Dictatorship (1964–1985) to Jair
Bolsonaro's Presidency (2018–). Bulletin of Latin American Research, 40(4), pp.581-
597.
Matthewman, S. and Huppatz, K., 2020. A sociology of Covid-19. Journal of Sociology, 56(4),
pp.675-683.
Moreno, L., Requero, B., Santos, D., Paredes, B., Briñol, P. and Petty, R.E., 2021. Attitudes and
attitude certainty guiding pro‐social behaviour as a function of perceived
elaboration. European Journal of Social Psychology, 51(6), pp.990-1006.
Ng'ang'a, A.W., Waweru, P. and Karega, J., 2021. Female Circumcision Controversy among the
Gikuyu of Central Kenya, 1929 to 1931: The Underlying Factors.
Nyhagen, L., 2019. Contestations of feminism, secularism and religion in the West: the
discursive othering of religious and secular women. Nordic Journal of Religion and
Society, 32(1), pp.4-21.
Peleh, T., Bai, X., Kas, M.J. and Hengerer, B., 2019. RFID-supported video tracking for
automated analysis of social behaviour in groups of mice. Journal of Neuroscience
Methods, 325, p.108323.
Stebbins, R.A., 2018. Leisure as not work: a (far too) common definition in theory and research
on free-time activities. World Leisure Journal, 60(4), pp.255-264.
Torras-Gómez, E., Guo, M. and Ramis, M., 2019. Sociological theory from dialogic
democracy. International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences, 8(3), pp.216-
234.
Tulumello, S., 2019. Generalization, epistemology and concrete: what can social sciences learn
from the common sense of engineers. Fennia: International Journal of
Geography, 197(1), pp.121-131.
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