Investigation of House Buying Behaviour in Malaysia

This study investigates the house buying behavior in Malaysia, focusing on the factors influencing consumer purchasing decisions. It explores theories such as the motivation theory and the theory of reasoned action. The research aims to fill the knowledge gap in understanding Malaysian housing and provide insights for the government and private developers. The study also considers the ethical considerations in conducting the research.

INVESTIGATION OF HOUSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN MALAYSIA 1
Investigation of House Buying Behaviour In Malaysia
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INVESTIGATION OF HOUSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN MALAYSIA 2
Table of Contents
1.0.0 Introduction.............................................................................................................................4
1.1.0 Background information.....................................................................................................4
1.2.0 Problems statement.............................................................................................................5
1.3.0 Objectives............................................................................................................................6
1.4.0 The scope of the study........................................................................................................6
1.5.0 Limitations of the study......................................................................................................7
1.6.0 The significance of the research..........................................................................................7
2.0 Literature review........................................................................................................................7
2.1 Malaysia housing...................................................................................................................8
2.2 Housing purchasing models...................................................................................................8
2.2.1 The motivation theory.....................................................................................................8
2.2.2 Theory of Reasoned Action.............................................................................................9
2.2.3 Engel, Kollet, Blackwell Model......................................................................................9
2.2.4 Housing Adjustment Theory.........................................................................................10
2.3 Consumer behavior in housing marketing...........................................................................10
2.4.0 Factors affecting purchase behavior.................................................................................10
2.4.1 Price as an influence of consumer's purchase intentions...............................................11

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2.4.2 Self-concept as an influence of consumer's purchase intentions...................................11
2.4.3 Reference group as an influence of consumer's purchase intentions............................12
2.4.5 Location as an influence of consumer's purchase intentions.........................................13
2.5.0 Conceptualization..............................................................................................................14
3.0.0 Research methodology..........................................................................................................16
3.1.0 Research design.................................................................................................................16
3.1.1 Descriptive research design...........................................................................................16
3.2.0 Variables and measuring procedures................................................................................17
3.2.1 Purchase intentions........................................................................................................17
3.2.2 Self-concept...................................................................................................................17
3.2.3 Reference group............................................................................................................17
3.3.0 Data collection..................................................................................................................17
3.3.1Qualitative data collection..............................................................................................17
3.3.2 Quantitative data collection...........................................................................................18
3.4.0 Research instruments........................................................................................................18
3.4.1 Semi-structured questionnaire.......................................................................................18
3.5.0 Pilot study.........................................................................................................................19
3.6.0 Data collection procedures................................................................................................19
3.7.0 Reliability and validity of data..........................................................................................19

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3.8.0 Data Analysis and presentations.......................................................................................20
3.8.1 Sampling design and procedure....................................................................................20
3.8.2 Sampling technique.......................................................................................................21
3.9.0 Data analysis.....................................................................................................................21
3.9.1Descriptive data analysis................................................................................................22
4.0.0 Ethical considerations.......................................................................................................22
5.0.0 List of References.................................................................................................................23
6.0.0 Appendices...........................................................................................................................28
Appendices 1: Gnatt Chart.........................................................................................................28
Appendices 2 Questionnaire......................................................................................................29

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List of Tables
Table 1: House affordability……………………………………………………………………….18
List of Figures
Figure 1: Conceptual frame work (own diagram)………………………………………………...18
Figure 2: Structure of the paper (own diagram)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..19

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1.0.0 Introduction
This chapter provides the background of investigating the house purchasing behavior in
Malaysia. The section discusses the background information, definition of the research problems,
objectives, study scope and significance of the study.
1.1.0 Background information
Consumer purchasing behavior knowledge is significant to all business organizations.
Consumers purchasing behavior tends to vary considerably based on different factors such as
income disposal, preferences, quality of products, social influence, culture, legibility, education
among many others. Likewise, the housing industry faces the same trend of consumer behavior
in consumer products (Hyun & Fairhurst, 2017, p.118). Since housing entails real estate, it’s vital
to every economy. In Malaysia, housing has been of great importance in determining poverty and
economic level. However, there are just a few scientific reaches that have been conducted
regarding the Malaysian housing regarding consumer purchasing behavior. Thus provides a gap
for this study. Over the past decades, housing has been considered as the basic need of human
need and recognized as a significant development tool for restructuring society as well as
eliminating poverty level.
During the 1996 Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements and Habitat Agenda,
Malaysian government committed billions of Ringgit Malaysia to provide adequate and
affordable quality houses. Consequently, in 1996” Zero Squatter by 2005” policy was

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implemented across the entire Malaysian country. Further, during the Malaysian govern
implemented Fourier pricing system on PPR schema in all major cities to enable all the low-
income earners to have adequate and affordable houses. This is an indication that house
affordability has been a significant concern in Malaysia, especially among the middle-income
earners. However, this has not yielded enough impact on the setting among the Malaysian’s
people.
A large number of Malaysians consumers tend to have low affinity to the type of house
constructed by the government (Mittal, 2015, p.143).The purchase behavior seems to lack
theoretical underpinnings to rationalize their decisions. Numerous controversial issues are
ranging from the house accessibility, affordability to quality in the Malaysia housing system.
House purchasing has been recognized as a world problem since it has the complexity of
information and perspective uncertainties. It is significant for both the government and private
developers to know the major factors that affect Malaysia people in buying the houses thus avoid
projects being abandoned without utilization. Therefore the study focuses on investigating
reasons that are behind Malaysian housing purchase behavior.
1.2.0 Problems statement
In Malaysia, the house is considered as a significant aspect of determining the level of
poverty and safety of people ((Hyun & Fairhurst, 2017, p.118). Various Malaysian acquire
homes through various means either building, buying or renting an apartment. Malaysian’s
government, as well as private developers, have worked so hard in building affordable houses
since so many people are not in a position to construct their own houses since the construction of

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homes is highly involving. However, Malaysia's house purchasing rate and behavior have been
dropping thus forms the basis of the topic to identify reasons affecting the purchasing rate(Mittal,
2015, p.142). By identifying the factors, government and a private developer will know what
type of house is preferred by customers, thus ensuring that houses are of good quality and needs.
1.3.0 Objectives
From the above insights of Malaysia housing, this study aims at filling the knowledge gap of
house purchasing behavior among the Malaysians. Thus To gather relevant information on the
research topic, the following research objectives will be considered:
 to collect and analyze theories related to house purchasing behavior in Malaysia
 To identify factors that influence the house purchasing decisions
 To identify the relationship between the identified factors and house purchasing decision
 Research questions
The following will form the research question of the study, to enhance authentic information
gathering about the topic:
1.4.0 The scope of the study
The study investigates house buying behavior in Malaysia since housing has been an
important aspect of determining the poverty and economic status of the Malaysian as well has
been one of the Malaysian’s government core genders in providing affordable houses over past
years. The paper thus looks at different theories associated by consumer purchasing behavior,

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factors influencing the house purchasing design majorly among major cities of Malaysians; Johor
Bahru, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala, Alor Setar, Iskandar, Kuching, and Kota.
1.5.0 Limitations of the study
The main limitation of the study will be time. Given the large Malaysian population, the
researcher will not be able to include a large sample. Thus a small sample of 250 will be used to
generalize the whole Malaysian population. This means that the generalization results would not
adequately provide the true perception of the entire population. Thus the researcher would be
more actual, by increasing the size of the sample size.
1.6.0 The significance of the research
It is evidential that housing is a basic need of every human and a key indicator of
economic and social status; thus the information collected is significant to numerous people.
First, the study delivers understandings into the consumer behavior of house marketing in
Malaysia as it determines factors that influence the house purchasing intentions. Additionally,
the study has vital importance to future researchers and students who will want to understand
more about house purchasing in Malaysia and across the world. The results of the survey will
help both the government and private developers to improve on the houses they construct since
they will have known factors that promote house purchasing and attributes that affect the
purchasing behavior of the Malaysians.
1.6.0 Ethical considerations

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Every researcher is expected to be ethical during the entire research process. The ethical
approval of this study thus will be obtained from the University ethical Committee evaluating the
research topic, literature review and the questionnaire. There are different provisions that
govern researchers to be ethical during the research process. These are respected for anatomy;
beneficence, non-maleficence and justice (Saxman, 2014, p.61). Saxman (2014,p.62) States that
respect of autonomy requires that every researcher acknowledge the right of freedom to every
research participant, thus allowing them to make their own sound decisions on whether to
participate or not in the data collection process. The researcher thus will be expected to obtain
uncorrected consent from the participants fully, and this will be done through extensively
providing reasons for the research process.
The non-maleficence principle requires that every researcher abstains from inflicting
harm on the participants through applications of relevant data collection methods. The researcher
thus will observe this by constructing a semi-structured questionnaire that will only capture
relevant information. Additionally, all participants will be given an equal chance to participate in
the data collection process.
The efficiency principle requires that the researcher employed accurate scientific,
educational and practical capabilities during the entire research process. The principle thus will
be achieved through constant and continuous communication with the supervisor to who offers
directives on the research process. On the other hand, the justice principle resources that every
rancher to maintain the privacy of every participant. The participant's privacy will be maintained
by avoiding questions that will elicit private information. Consequently, all data will be used
only for academic purposes.

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2.0 Literature review
This chapter is an overview of essential kinds of literature on Malaysian housing and the
consumers purchasing behavior as well as the relationship between different factors with house
purchase intentions. The chapter explores different scholarly knowledge that is related to these
specific search terms: Malaysian housing, house purchase intentions, and consumers behavior.
2.1 Malaysia housing
Malaysia current is considered as a middle-income country since it possesses numerous
characteristic like Eastern Europe; however, the cost of living is quite low as a result of
government subsidy in numerous items. Malaysia has different types of house: detached
2,416,200, semi-detached 528,400, Terrace 2,570,300, Cluster 63,3500, Flat, 744,180,
Apartment 716,700 and Townhouse 32,682 (approximate estimations)
(https://docobook.com/kpkt-selected-statistics-until-30-september.html). Malaysian housing is
quite bigger and these influenced by the lower land cost; thus resulting from making one of the
countries in the world with big houses.
2.2 Housing purchasing models
2.2.1 The motivation theory
The motivation theory developed during the 1940s by Abraham Maslow focused on the
hierarchy needs of human beings. The theory states that people satisfy their needs based on five
different hierarchical priorities: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. Form
the theory; consumer behavior theorist relates it to the purchasing intentions and process since

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most of the consumer's decisions are based on marketing messages, product awareness, quality
as well as the urgency of the products (Arruda, 2016, p.323). Thus in house marketing, the
theory can be applied since one of the basic human needs. Thus motivations can be used to incite
consumers to make house purchases.
2.2.2 Theory of Reasoned Action
The theory developed by Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein in 1960s focus on analyzing the
significance of the existing feelings in the decision-making process. Theory of Reasoned Action
denotes that consumers tend to act on the behaviors as a result of their intentions to have
particular experience from a product; thus most of the consumers make decisions based on their
best interests(Williams, 2014, p.3). The theory thus confirms that specificity is a critical aspect in
the decision-making process, thus will proceed with the purchasing action after being assured
that the outcome will be similar to the expected results. From the theory, marketers can associate
product's characters with the consumer's intentions to have positive results.
2.2.3 Engel, Kollet, Blackwell Model
EKB Model is an expansion of the Theory of Reasoned Action and is based on five major
steps in the purchasing process. The major three steps include:
a) Input –the point at which consumer takes in all the information from the marketing actin
sin televisions, newspapers and other advertising media.
b) Information processing - is the second step that allows the consumer to analyze the data
received from the advertising material to conclude past experiences and expectations.

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c) Decision making- is the third step whereby the consumers intend to take action of
purchasing based on the analyzed information (Garcia, Rosenberg & Sikström,
2016, .p480).). At this stage, consumes actions are affected by both internal and external
influences, as well as consumers, envisions on the purchase decision.
2.2.4 Housing Adjustment Theory
The most common used theory to understand the housing is the housing adjustment
theory that entails numerous dimensions of owners, renters and house purchaser’s intentions,
preferences, and satisfaction. According to Clapham, 2018, p.165) housing adjustment theory
focuses on how housing issues following socio-economic, cultural, social and normal effect
purchase intentions
2.3 Consumer behavior in housing marketing
Consumer behavior is a complex area of study and has been significant in developing a
marketing plan for many products. The marketing strategy of every organization with a focus on
the marketing mix enables the organization to identify the specific factors that will attract the
attention of consumers to their products(Dorsch, Törnblom & Kazemi, 2017, p.8). Thus
consumers become a vital point if every marketing strategy. Consumer buying behavior is
influenced by different factors both internal and external stimuli. The marketing of houses tends
to be more complicated since it forms the vital of the economy. House entails plots, building, and
other physical components. House has specific characteristics such as Immobility, lifetime
product, complementary products and services (Reny, 2015, p.178).
2.4.0 Factors affecting purchase behavior

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Housing market analysis indicates that house purchase behaviors and intentions are based
on rational choices.
2.4.1 Price as an influence of consumer's purchase intentions
Consumers are mostly directed by the products' price to create purchasing desire. Price of
a product indicates numerous things on the products. Expensive products tend to raise the
expense as much as they indicate that the product’s quality is high. On the other hand, low prices
are indications to some consumers as an inferior or substandard product (Zhang, Deng & Xu,
2017, p.1193). Researcher shoes that most of the home buyers always put the house price into
consideration to determine if the quotations within the budget and how does it affect their
financial status in the current situation Peng, Hsiung & Chen, (2012, p.521). Today housing
price in Malaysia tends to be unaffordable to most of the population. According to Jayakumar &
K.Kalaiselvi, (2011, p.18) house, affordability in Malaysia is rated on a scale of 0 to 5 as a result
of an imbalance between the house demand and supply. Therefore, this forms the fourth
hypotheses
H1: There is a close relationship between house price and the purchasing behavior of
Malaysian’s

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Table 1: House affordability
Rating 5.1 and above
Severely unaffordable 4.1-5.0
Severely unaffordable 3.1-4.0
Moderately unaffordable 3.0 and below
Affordable
Source: Jayakumar & K.Kalaiselvi, (2011, p.18)
2.4.2 Self-concept as an influence of consumer's purchase intentions
Person behavior is determined by the plan to undertake a particular decision (Haziq,
Hisyam, & Sundram, 2014). It is paramount to identify and measure the factors that influence
purchasing interests to exert a specific decision. Housing purchase decisions are associated with
buying behavior of the individual as stated by Park & Park, (2015, p.36) in his empirical study
on the homeownership intentions. The self-concept refers to the individual’s totality of thoughts
and feelings concerning themselves as the objects. Likewise, Mandel, Rucker, Levav &
Galinsky, (2017, p.136) defines self-context as the individual perception in a social framework.
Thus in this context consumers expect that the house should reflect their status and identities.
According to Park & Park, (2015, p.36), there are two major classifications of self-concept:
actual self-concept and ideal self-concept. Evidence has proven that consumers product
purchase intentions are interconnected with the actual self-concept and are also expected to help
in achieving the perfect concept. Due to various studies on the self-concept role in consumer’s
behavior actions, the notion has been transformed into self-congruity theory.

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Self-congruity there is on assumptions that consumers tend to prefer products and
services that are associated with their personality traits; thus the product has a psychological
impact on the product user. The relationship between self-concept, self-congruity theory and
purchase intentions has been supported by their researchers such as (Kim, Lee & Park, 2017,
p.218). Hose has a stable source of personal trait and identity to the society; thus consumers will
purchase a house that will assure them of high self-content. Therefore, from this the following
hypothesis is developed:
H2: There is a close relationship between house consumers and self-content and purchase
intentions among the Malaysians.
2.4.3 Reference group as an influence of consumer's purchase intentions
Behavioral theorist defines reference group as a large group that offers perceptions of
individual on particular products and services to influence their purchase and consumption
behavioral actions. According to the consumer's behavioral perspectives, reference groups are of
great importance since they offer information to the less knowledgeable on particular products
and brands; thus drive correct decision making during the consumption and purchase (Dahl,
2013.p.3) categorizes reference groups into two categories: informational and normative
reference group. Additionally, (Outreville, &Desrochers, 2016, p.550) identifies three forms of
influences: utilitarian, value expensive and informational. Informational influence helps in
enhancing individual knowledge and ability to cope with the environment. Additionally,
information influence entails observation of other people behaves and use the data collection to
make a decision. Utilitarian control refers to the capability to comply with other peoples

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preference to avoid punishment o get a reward, while values expensive influence refers to the
individual desire to enhance her/his self-concept.
In the housing market, several studies have proven that different influencing groups
possess great impacts on the choice-making process of buying a house. Pookulangara &
Koestler, (2011, p.349) states that family and friends form the most influential reference groups
in an individual purchase intention; therefore, the following hypothesis is developed:
H3: there is a close relationship between informational influence and house purchasing
intentions among the Malaysians.
2.4.5 Location as an influence of consumer's purchase intentions
The house location influences most individual's house purchasing intentions. As a large
number tend to focus on the house image, some people focus on the place since the picture of the
house can change while location cannot change. Location is determined by various factors such
as road accessibility and the environment surrounding the house. In a study of house purchase
intentions, places were the critical factor (Kaufmann, Meschnig &Reimann, (2014,p.105). Most
of the people love being close to their workplace; some prefer being close to significant facilities
such as schools malls, hospital as well as proximity to relatives. Public services or transport
influenced the house purchasing intention of most of the Chinese. Most of the behavioral
theories believe that availability public service helps most of the home purchaser in reducing
some unnecessary expenses such as paying the fare to work every day in the expense of free
transport. Thus this forms the third hypothesis:

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H4: there is a close relationship between house location and purchase intention among
the Malaysians.
2.5.0 Conceptualization
Using the above hypotheses, the following research conceptual framework is developed
to indicate the house purchase intentions as influenced by self-concept and informational
influence.

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Figure 1: Conceptual frame work (own diagram)
Informational
influence
House purchase
intentions. Self –Concept
Location
Price

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Figure 2: Structure of the paper(Own diagram)
Introduction
Literature Review
Background
information
Research
Methodology
Appendices
List of References

INVESTIGATION OF HOUSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN MALAYSIA 21
3.0.0 Research methodology
To thoroughly investigate house buying behavior in Malaysia, the researcher needs to
have a sample is considered to be having intentions of buying a house or who at one point had
purchased a home in Malaysia.
3.1.0 Research design
According to Kennedy, (2013,p.101) research design refers to the agreement of data
collection an analysis procedures that are capable of providing desired results for making
constructive consults on the topic under the study. There are different research designs, such as
descriptive, experimental, exploratory, and observational and meta-analysis (Zikmund , Babin,
Carr & Griffin,2014). The choice of research designs thus depends on the nature of the topic and
aim.
3.1.1 Descriptive research design
This study thus chooses a descriptive research design because the study is investigative
thus aims to answer different questions of how, why and when about house purchasing in
Malaysia (Omair, 2015, p.153). They are numerous advantages associated with descriptive
research design; however, the most significant benefits are the capability to apply different forms
of data as well as including human experience.
Nassaji, (2015, p.59) defines expressive research design as a systematic empirical
inquiring into which the investigator has no direct control of the independent variable since they
cannot be manipulated. Insights on the relationship between the variables are thus obtained from

INVESTIGATION OF HOUSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN MALAYSIA 22
concomitant. The design is unique since all the information received are unavailable in either
source; thus to have unbiased information, every respondent needs to participate.
3.2.0 Variables and measuring procedures
3.2.1 Purchase intentions
Based on different studies by researchers the conventional ways of measuring intentions
are desire, behavioral intention, and self-predication.
3.2.2 Self-concept
In this study, self-concept is developed as real and ideal thus measuring self-concept will
entail statement such as “the house I prefer to buy will depend on how I see myself.”
3.2.3 Reference group
The informational influence will be used to determine the house purchase intentions and
behavior; thus the following scale will be used to measure inflation influence factor” to buy the
right house I will ask my friends and family.”
3.3.0 Data collection
This chapter explores the data collection process and tools. It is an essential stage in the
research process since it provides practical evidence that can be sued to accept or reject the
hypothesis, as well as add more value to the literature review. According to Wutich, and Brewis,
(2019) there are two types of data collection methods: qualitative and quantitative methods.

INVESTIGATION OF HOUSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN MALAYSIA 23
3.3.1Qualitative data collection
The qualitative data collection method is also referred to as secondary techniques entail
data gathering from existing sources such as journals, articles, books, and official websites.
Secondary data collection helps researchers to develop a literature review thus enhance more
significant understanding of the topic under the study. The literature review of this study thus
was conducted through a search of specific words such as “housing,” purchasing motives,”
intentions,” “Malaysia housing,” “purchasing behavior.” Numerous articles and journals were
obtained an only 15 met the search criteria thus were used to develop the literature review of the
study.
3.3.2 Quantitative data collection
Quantitative data collection is also known as Primary data collection entails the actual
gathering of the respondents (Grammes, & Açıkalın, 2016, p.5). The primary data collection
method is significant for this study as it investigates reason that is behind house purchasing in
Malaysia. The research thus will use semi-structured questionnaires to elicit the required
information on different variables such as intentions, location, price, and quality of houses.
Combing both the qualitative and quantitative methods is significant to this study.
Jensenius, (2014, p.401) states that neither quantitative nor qualitative can provide enough
information on the consumers housing purchase. Jensenius emphasizes that both qualitative and
quantitative methods need to be collaborated to provide a greater understanding of effects on
different variables.
3.4.0 Research instruments

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3.4.1 Semi-structured questionnaire
The study employs a questionnaire as a data collection tool. According to Suchitra,
(2017, p.18) semi- questionnaires are essential tools in collecting primary data that is not directly
observable ., the questionnaire can inquire more about the feelings, attitudes, motivations,
experiences, and behavior of the individual(Sekaran & Bougie, 2013). Additionally, the
questionnaire tends to be the cheapest data collection tool that provides a wide range of
information in research since it can be administered through the “drop and pick” later method.
3.5.0 Pilot study
A pilot study will be carried out before the actual data collection process. A pilot study is
significant in constricting questionnaire and adjusting to fit the research topic. The participants of
the pilot study will be 50 colleagues from the university, and the data will be summarised to help
in constricting different scales on the questionnaire.
3.6.0 Data collection procedures
The questionnaire will be admitted to the identified relevant respondents through” drop
and pick” later method; the method is significant since it allows the participants to respond to the
questions at their speed thus allowing large capture of information.
3.7.0 Reliability and validity of data
Reliability refers to the consistency of the responses in which respect measure can obtain
the same results across the time and observers (Cohen, Morrison & Callaway, 2013, p.113). To

INVESTIGATION OF HOUSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN MALAYSIA 25
ensure reliability, Cohen, Morrison and Callaway, 2013, p.114,) suggest that researchers should
test and retest the data collection techniques. Reliability of the study thus will depend on three
factors: Rigorous data collection techniques to provide relevant information that can be carefully
analyzed with a focus on validity, triangulation, and reliability. The credibility of the researcher
based on experience to track records and presentation. Philosophical believes in qualitative and
quantitative methods and holistic thinking.
On the other hand, validity refers to the extent in which the test measures can claim to
measure; thus the test needs to be valid to provide accurate results that can be analyzed and
interpreted for a useful conclusion. Considering the aim of the research is to investigate the
housing purchasing behaviour in Malaysia, the researcher will acknowledge the existence of
other theorize and studies to aid in understanding the topic better and proved a result that can be
reused by other methods. Thus for this study, the researcher will use Cronbach's alpha to
determine both the validity and reliability of the data collection tools.
3.8.0 Data Analysis and presentations
According to population forms the broader group that is under investigation while the
sample is the subset of the population that is used to provide information that later used to
generalize the population. The population, the target population, will consist of various towns
such as; Johor Bahru, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala, Alor Setar, Iskandar, Kuching and Kota.
3.8.1 Sampling design and procedure
This section explores the sampling technique and how the sample size of the study will
arrive. Sampling design refers to the method applied in calculating the sample size. According to

INVESTIGATION OF HOUSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN MALAYSIA 26
Sugimoto, Sozu and Hamasaki (2012, p.121) sample size of 10-30% is adequate if chosen
strategically well to provide a good generalization of the population characteristic. Since the
population of the entire Malaysian is 240 million. The sample size will be obtained through the
use of Yamane’s formula since the population of Malaysia is more than 10,000. n=N/ {1+N (e)
2} where
N: sample size
N: Total population for the city
e: precision
n= 250
The sample size for this study will be considered to be 250, from the method calculation.
Consequently, several researchers consider a sample size of between 200 - 1000 as the most
adequate in big population.
3.8.2 Sampling technique
The study will apply the stratified sampling technique to decide which part of the
population will participate in the study. For example, the stratification will be based on ethnicity
and type of housing. To find the specific individual that will participate in the study, simple
random sampling will be employed to reach individual that have either intentions and have once
bought a house to get their views and answer the questionnaires.
3.9.0 Data analysis

INVESTIGATION OF HOUSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN MALAYSIA 27
In every research, data analysis is significant and is always conducted at the end of the
data collection. The data analysis enables the researcher to use the raw data in broadening
understanding of the topic under the study as well as provide a constructive conclusion.
According to Nassaji, (2015, p.130) descriptive and inferential data analysis is the most common
data analysis methods used by researchers.
3.9.1Descriptive data analysis
The collected information will be analyzed through the use of statistical packages such as
SPSS, STATA and EXCEL and the results will be presented through bar charts, pie charts. The
questionnaire will be edited after the collection to offer a straightforward interpretation. The
cleaning will ensure that all unwanted responses are removed, and reported grouped for secure
coding into the system. Qualitative data will be analysed to determine the research questions.

INVESTIGATION OF HOUSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN MALAYSIA 28
5.0.0 List of References
Arruda, C. (2016). What Kind of Theory is the Humean Theory of Motivation?. Ratio, 30(3),
pp.322-342.
Clapham, D. (2018). Housing Theory, Housing Research and Housing Policy. Housing, Theory
and Society, 35(2), pp.163-177.
Cohen, A., Morrison, S. and Callaway, D. (2013). Computerized facial analysis for
understanding constricted/blunted affect: Initial feasibility, reliability, and validity
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6.0.0 Appendices
Appendices 1: Gnatt Chart

INVESTIGATION OF HOUSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN MALAYSIA 33
Appendices 2 Questionnaire

INVESTIGATION OF HOUSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN MALAYSIA 34
All the information collected will be for academic purposes only, which is investigating factors
that are affecting the house buying purchase behavior among the Malaysians.
Part A. Tick where appropriate
1. Do you have any willingness to buying a house and soon or have you ever bought a
house?
2. Yes No
3. How old are you?
4. 20-30 31-40 41-50 51 -60 61 and above
5. What is your gender?
6. Male-female
7. What is your occupation
8. Student Teacher Doctor Manager casual worker
others
Part B
Please tell us how you feel about the following houses?
Strongly
disagree
disagree neutral agree Strongly
agree
Detached
Semi-

INVESTIGATION OF HOUSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN MALAYSIA 35
detached
Terrace
Flat
Apartment
Townhouse
Where do refer your intended house to be?
Near schools near my workplace near roads near hospitals
others specify
What is the purpose of buying a house?
I. For investment
II. For personal living
III. To improve the living standard
IV. For the convenience to wok
In which way will you buy a house?
I. From savings
II. From investments
III. Cash
What will be the main factor contributing to your buying a house
I. Location

INVESTIGATION OF HOUSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN MALAYSIA 36
II. Group references
III. Environment
IV. Affiliated facilities,
V. design
VI. price