IoT Healthcare: Challenges and Innovations

This report discusses the challenges and innovations in IoT healthcare, including data vulnerability, multiple device integration, and data collection accuracy. It also covers the current situation of IoT in healthcare, HIPAA and HITECH laws, and future research.

IOT IN SMART CITY
Student Name – Student ID
Masters in IT – Networking
[e-mail]
Milestone 1

Abstract:
The purpose of this report is to make the research proposal for the topic that is selected. The topic
that is chosen for the further report is IoT healthcare. The report will foloow a proper template. At first the
topic will be introduced that the introduction of IoT healthcare. Then the literature review will be
discussed in the report. In the literature review the total importance of the project will be discussed that is
the importance of the IoT healthcare. In the recent time the industry of the healthcare emerged a lot as it is
adapting various new technology. The IoT is widely accepted on the healthcare industry. These feature
enables to integrate the IoT in the healthcare department. The integration of the IoT brings lot of
advantages as it is highly beneficial for the healthcare. It is expected that by the year 2025 IoT healthcare
solution will reach to a massive mark of $1 trillion. This will enable a fully personalized, on-time and
accessible healthcare solution for the human being. The IoT enables the wireless monitoring future in the
health care industry that enable live tracking feature of the patients health. It uses a sensor that will be
attached with the human body which will rack the health measurements of the patients and the doctors and
healthcare personal will be able to track the medical condition of the patients. The smart lens technology
of google introduced connected contact lenses. The main feature of the lenses is that it has the ability to
measure the amount of glucose in a patient having diabetes. The real time data are stored in the cloud and
can be access anytime by the patients or by the doctors. There are several limitations as well, like the
devices that are using for the healthcare using a power from battery and there is a chance that the battery
power may end after a certain time period in that time the data will not be tracked. There is also a chance
of network connectivity as the connection is wireless. The IoT empowers the devices to enhance
simultaneously by monitoring regularly and by reducing the cost of the healthcare services which is
engage actively in the data collection and in data analysis. In the report further all the aspect regarding the
IoT health care will be discussed and analysed.

Milestone 2
Introduction
Chapter 1:
Introduction to the Domain and
Problem:
Using the internet of things in the all parts
of the society in the recent time have developed a
great impact. From the small industry to the large
industry all have adopted internet of things widely.
The healthcare sector is main among them that
adapted the IoT to provide better services in the
healthcare. The health care sector in the recent year
had a great boost because of adapting the IoT.
The IoT provide huge benefit to the health
care sector and in the other sector as well. With the
huge benefits there are many challenges that the
IoT face in the sector of the health care (Islam et al.,
2015). Most of the challenges are identified while
implementing the internet of things into the health
care sector. The challenges that the IoT faced
during the development is given below:
Data Vulnerability:
As the whole system will be implemented
using the internet so there is a chance of potential
risks. The main concern that the organizations faced
is because of the data security. The IoT is mainly
uses the framework of the internet. In the health
care sector all the data are stored in the cloud
database which consists the data about the patients
and the health care associates (Amendola et al.,
2014). So it is necessary to protect the data as the
data contains lots of confidential data. The health
care needed to adapt a high security measurements
to protect the data from any kind of vulnerability. It
is necessary for the health care sector to follow the
HIPAA regulation to maintain the privacy of the
data.
Another issue with the data security is
associated with the fact that if the devices stolen
then the data will also leaked. This kind of situation
is beyond the IoT network scope.
Multiple Device Integration:
In the IoT health care many and computers
are used to incorporate with the internet of things

framework. To provide a better health care service
that it is necessary to adapt modern technologies
and the facilities, and these will be compiled into
the IoT framework. This is the main factor that
affects the IoT implementation in the healthcare
sector is homogeneity. The multiple devices are
needed to be secure in a way so that they will work
without facing any issue and will not affect the
implementation of the IoT in healthcare.
Data Collection Accuracy:
The whole process of IoT implementation in
the healthcare consists various data. And it is
necessary to collect the data properly so that the
data will be used properly for further use. The main
challenge that is associated with the collection of
data is that, as the amount of the data that is
collected is very large (Tyagi, Agarwal &
Maheshwari, 2016). So, it is necessary to check the
authenticity of the each data which in most cases
does not done properly as there are no experts
appointed who will check the data authenticity.
While collecting the data that are sensitive,
the lack of data analytics felt that a professional
data expert or a programme is needed which will
analyse the collected data. It is required to identify
the source of the data that are critical, and that is
became a major problem for the healthcare
associates and the patients. The reason behind this
is as the time passes the amount of data also kept
increasing.
Innovations in the technology and
connectivity:
In the recent time the technology is
changing very rapidly which can cause a concern
for the patients and the health care officials.
Various sensors are used to track the health record
of the patients and for that it is required to have a
single device not a regular update in every now and
then (Darshan & Anandakumar, 2015). The old
sensors might not be able to cope up with the
modern technology and the connectivity which can
cause a major problem while implementation IoT in
healthcare sector.

Objectives of the Research:
The objective of the research is given
below:
 It will identify the present situation
of the IoT in health care sector.
 It will also describe the HIPAA and
HITECH laws and their impact
while implementing the IoT in
healthcare sector.
Research Questions:
For the research these are the research
questions:
A. What is the present state of the IoT
is health care sector?
B. What are the risks and the challenges
associated with the IoT
implementation in healthcare?
C. What will be the future of the IoT in
health care sector?
Proposed Structure:
1. Literature review
1.1 Current situation of IoT in healthcare
1.2 Implementation of IoT in healthcare
sector
1.3 Challenges of IoT healthcare and the
counter measurements of the issues
1.4 Future research and innovations in the
technology
2. Annotated bibliography
3. Conclusion
Milestone 3
Literature review:
Cloud computing associated with the
Internet of Things plays an important role in
monitoring of the various health systems. The
major aim of this system includes the tracking of
the various physiological parameters of a patient’s
body which is done by making use of different kind
of sensors present in the body of an individual. As
stated by Hassanalieragh et al., (2015), the
Raspberry Pi board can be used for collection of the
data by various kind of sensors. Which would
followed by the usage of the cloud computing
technology in order to store the collected data

which would be updated as well as accessed from
different geographical locations. This is very useful
for the rural areas where the medical resources are
not available.
According to Balaji and Hiranya (2018),
BWSN or the Body Wireless sensor Networks are
used for the purpose of transmitting the different
kind of health parameters that are collected by
making use of the Raspberry Pi microcontroller to
the healthcare provider so as to act in a proper way
and provide proper treatment. As this technology is
having a wide range, so they can be utilized for
certain emergency condition where a quick and
immediate response is requires. In such cases a
puick detection is possible which would be helping
in timely intervention resulting is saving the life.
According to Pramila, and Nargunam
(2013), owing of the healthcare which are costly or
waiting for a longer time in the hospitals might be
eliminated by making use of the concept related to
in-home patient monitoring system. This is one of
the latest application of the IoT. This type of
systems are associated with the collection of the
data related to various kind of parameters by
making use of the different devices like the
Biosensors, smart text tiles and many more. Once
the data is collected they are transmitted to the
central node server in a secure way by making use
of the CP-ABE or the Cipher text Policy Attribute
Based Encryption method. With respect to this tge
servers are associated with the sharing of the data
that has been collected with the healthcare
providing centres in order to provide further
treatments. In addition to this the server is also
associated with ringing an alarm for the ambulance
in case of emergency situations. This type of
systems are very much advantageous for the elderly
peoples and for those who are having a chronic
disease.
According to Thaduangta et al., (2016), the
need of specialized healthcare monitoring system
for the aged peoples are increasing day by day due
to increased number of aged people. The systems
would be associated with performing basic health
check-ups which would be done by means of
measuring the various parameters of a human body
on a regular basis and besides this the data are to be
reported to the doctors as well. The results obtained

from the data collected from the patients would be
displayed in the form of statements in a web
application. The usage of this application would be
helping the patients and the doctors to interact with
each other. Evaluation of this system was done in
two pars which includes the Qualitative
Interviewing and the Quantitative survey.
According to Islam et al., (2015), the smart
healthcare devices dependent upon the IoT
technology are associated with helping the smart
devices and the objects to improve the systems
associated with healthcare monitoring in an
efficient as well as effective way. Besides this it
also helps in reducing the inefficiencies existing in
the healthcare system. Enhance of the data accuracy
which is to be collected is done by usage of eth
smart devices consisting of upgraded technology.
This also helps in gaining a real-time access to the
condition of the patient, integration of the collected
data in an intelligent way and many more.
According to Gomez, Oviedo, and Zhuma,
(2016), the IoT technology associated with the
smart devices would be helping in reduction of the
various type of complexities and the complications
existing in the healthcare system. With the usage of
the mobile technologies along with the smart
devices in the healthcare system would be having a
huge impact entire world. Utilization of the M-
health along with the E-health application is done
so as to make peoples of the entire world aware of
the ways by which improvements and maintenance
of the quality of life can be done. Along with
regular monitoring the M-health system is also
associated with educating the peoples by making
certain recommendations which includes healthy
eating habits, effective working routines and many
more.
According to Zhang et al., (2015), the
remote health monitoring systems are associated
with the recording of the patient health parameters.
This is done by the smart phones which in turn is
associated with the elimination of the need of extra
hardware. The transmission of the data is generally
done by making use of the web interfaces. In
addition to this an end-to-end monitoring screen is
also facilitated and this is generally done in three
steps. Firstly measuring of the health parameters are
done on a real-time basis and this is generally done

by the wearable sensors. Once the measuring is
done they are transmitted to the smart phones which
depicts the health status of the patients by making
use of graphical interfaces. In the second step the
system is associated with sending of the data to the
family members of the patients and to the
concerned doctor by utilizing the web interfaces so
as to proceed with further monitoring. In the third
step the system is associated with providing of the
real-time alarm whenever the patients faces some
kind of emergency.
According to Pustiek, Beristain and Kos
(2015), despite of the monitoring there are few
challenges which are faced while using the
wearable tracking devices for a longer time. The
first challenge that exists while using the wearable
tracking devices is generally are of smaller size
which are also used roughly and are having low
energy consumption. The second challenge or one
of the major challenge is faced regarding the
accuracy of the data along with its validity and
integrity. The third challenge is the regarding the
usability and the user experiences while using the
devices and the other friendly supporting software.
According to Chiuchisan, Chiuchisan, and
Dimian, (2015), the implementation of the IoT
technology along with the e-health application in
the Tele-medicine helps in the seamless flow of
information. The information generally flows
between the doctors and the patients which is
associated with making the healthcare system much
more cost effective and is also responsible for
improving the quality of treatment provided to the
patients. The system would also be associated with
the usage of the K53 tower system platform, which
would be used by the e-health applications for eth
purpose of exposing the different kind of benefits
that the IoT technology is having upon the
healthcare systems.
Annotated bibliography:
Hassanalieragh, M., Page, A., Soyata, T.,
Sharma, G., Aktas, M., Mateos, G., ... &
Andreescu, S. (2015, June). Health
monitoring and management using
Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensing with
cloud-based processing: Opportunities
and challenges. In 2015 IEEE

international conference on services
computing (SCC) (pp. 285-292). IEEE.
According to this paper including of
the IOT technology in the healthcare sector
is very important. This paper is also
associated with providing a brief overview
of the implementation of the IoT technology
upon the healthcare sector. Which is
associated with depicting the fact that a
proper treatment is provided to the patients.
The capabilities of the intelligent processing
algorithms has also been depicted in this
paper. This paper has been chosen as this
reviews the current state of the IoT
technology in the healthcare sector along
with projecting future directions which are
related to the integration of the remote
health monitoring technologies with the
various clinical practices. The wearable
devices plays a very vital role in the process
of implementing the IoT technology in
healthcare sector.
Balaji, B. V., & Hiranya, K. (2018). Patient
Monitoring System Using Body Sensor
Network. International Journal of
Research, 5(15), 2667-2643.
This paper is associated with
discussing about the wearable technologies
and the BSNs or the body sensor networks.
This in turn are associated with the
acceptance of the individuals so as to accrue
and blossom according to the accoutrement
of the body sensor networks. This paper has
been associated with discussing about the
basic concept of mobile healthcare and
along with the major reason lying behind
choosing this paper is that it provides a brief
overview of the various existing systems
and their limitations. Lastly the paper has
also been associated with proposing a
system. The advantages of the proposed
system has also been described in a proper
way.
Pramila, R. S., & Nargunam, S. (2013). A Survey
on Effective in-Home Health Monitoring
System. International Journal of
Computer Applications, 68(7).

According to this paper the time of
waiting is increasing in the hospitals which
are also costlier as well. This in turn is
associated with increasing the workload of
the doctors and the healthcare providers.
The paper provides a brief overview of the
patient monitoring techniques along with
discussing about the previous systems as
well. Besides this the paper also helps in
understanding the security of the IoT
technology as well used in the wireless
sensor networks. The paper provides the
way by which the health conditions can be
monitored in secure way. The major reason
behind choosing this paper is that it helps in
understanding the mobile healthcare
monitoring.
Thaduangta, B., Choomjit, P., Mongkolveswith,
S., Supasitthimethee, U., Funilkul, S., &
Triyason, T. (2016, December). Smart
healthcare: basic health check-up and
monitoring system for elderly.
In Computer Science and Engineering
Conference (ICSEC), 2016
International (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
This paper helps in understanding
the importance of IoT while providing
treatment to the elderly peoples. The paper
also discusses about the various smart
healthcare systems and the needed
requirements which includes the hardware,
software and many more. The major
advantage of this paper is that this illustrates
the importance of the IoT technology upon
providing elderly treatment. The major
advantages while providing elderly
treatment has also been provided.
Milestone 4
Solution
The health governing body that is present in
the course of the data management will be highly
benefitted from the implementation of the internet
of things in the processing of the platform of the
internet of things. This leads to the fact that the data
that are generated in the time of commencing of the
project will help the health problem seeking

mitigations to procure the task in a more efficient
manner. The data that are generated during the
processing of the data management gets prosecuted
in a better way. The control of the health centre on
the residing people will be very high as the data
management of the entire process will get proper
governance. The data that will be achieved will help
in understanding the controlling the health of the
mass. This data that is collected by the doctors also
acts as a reference that helps in understanding the
problems that are present in the course of
completion of the project. This aspect also helps in
understanding the project terminology that will help
in securing the issues that are present in the course
of the data management.
Finding
The above report states that the data
management of the health related issues will be
commenced with the help of the platform of
internet of things. This ensures the fact that the data
that are gained will incur the data management. The
data management will be commenced with higher
integrity and this will include the fact that the data
management of the entire health centre is performed
with high accuracy. It is also noticed that there has
been a drastic increase in the processing of the data
management system that implements the platform
of internet of things. This proves the fact that the
global acceptance of the platform of internet of
things has been increasing. The main instance that
proves the increase in the implementation if the
platform of the internet of things is that the
terminology of the internet of things has increased
to a rate of 56% globally from 21% since the last
decade. This drastic rate of increase in the
implementation of the platform of the internet of
things leads to the fact that the data management of
the processing can be performed with the help of
the internet of things. The betterment in the health
system management evaluation also states that the
data related to the data that are present are managed
can be processed with high efficiency and the data
that are generated on the process can be accustomed
with higher accuracy.

Recommendation
The health organization that implements the
platform of the internet of things will need certain
recommendations in order to complete the
processing of the data management and the
recommendations are as follows: -
 Security measures must be implemented in
order to commence the project
methodology. This is due to the fact that the
security issues will be present in the cures of
implement the platform of the internet of
things in an efficient way.
 Proper installation of the software that will
protect the system from unauthenticated
users. This software will also help in
understanding the processing affects that are
caused due to the access of the malware and
Trojan horses
 Data that are present in the database of the
platform must be well centralized.
 Data that are centralized must be processed
with the help of the proper monitoring
system.
 The security processes that are implemented
must be procured with high maintenance
(Rathore, Ahmad & Paul, 2016)
Future Research
It is seen that the data that are gathered in
the processing of the data collection acts as the
reference and this helps in increasing the efficiency
of the entire project. There has been an excess
increase in the implementation of the platform of
the internet of thing. It is noticed that there has been
an increase of nearly 57% of the health centre. The
health centre system includes the fact that the
accuracy in the functioning of the health centre has
increased in a very fast rate. This rapid increase in
the accuracy of functioning in the health centre acts
as the reason behind the excess usage of the
technology. This is also responsible for the
betterment of the processing of hospitals and other
health care organization. It is expected that within
the year of 2060, the rate of implementation of the
internet of things in health centres will increase in a
rapid rate and this will ensure the fact that more

than 76% of the total hospitals will implement the
technology of internet of things.
Advantage
Major advantages are as follows: -
 Better Controlling: The controlling of the
data that is present in the commencement of
the health organization and this is the main
things that helps the higher authority to gain
control of the entire processing of the data
centre.
 More efficient man management: the staffs
that are already employed, can be taken into
consideration that the working of the
employees can be handled with much better
efficiency. This leads to the fact that the
man management of the functioning of the
health organization
 Better time management: the data that are
gathered during the time of procurement of
the data as the entire processing of the
project gets easier as a reference of the
process that is to be performed. After the
process is performed with the help of the
implementation of the internet of things.
This also leads to the fact that the data
management of the process. This process nit
only helps in saving time but the accuracy
of the project also increases. As the doctors
get an idea of the way the task will be
executed
Disadvantages
Major disadvantages are as follows: -
 Privacy: after the implementation of the
platform of internet of things, the major
problem that occurs is the issues related to
privacy of the data centre. In this case the
data centre that is processed with the help of
the internet of things can be vulnerable in
nature which will again act as a loop hole
and this will ensure that the data that are
stored in the data base can be accessed by
the imposters and this acts as an advantage
 Imposter’s illegal access: Imposters can
access to the data that are stored as the data
that are stored can be accessed by the
imposters as the centralization of the data is

present in the system. (Scuotto, Ferraris &
Bresciani, 2016)
Conclusion
From the above report discussion it can be
conclude that the implementation of the internet of
things has been acting in an efficient way in
commencing of the data that are present in the
course of health centres. The data that are stored in
the data base of the organization can act as the
guideline that is taken into consideration as the
entire process is pre performed and the doctors can
get the guidelines on w to complete the project. In
case the internet of things gets applied in this field
the health centre, data that are generated in the
course of the data prosecution can be accessed by
the highest authority ad this will help in
understanding the fact that the execution of the
project will be under scrutiny. After the processing
of the internet of things, the main process that is
taken under consideration is that the centralizing of
the data will be proclaimed. This helps in
understanding the fact that the data prosecution of
the treatment will be very much transparent in
nature. The case study of the patients are also stored
in the data base which helps the patients to stay in
touch with the doctors and this helps in
understanding the fact that the data commencement
will be completed with efficiency. Even the doctors
can access the client portal which will help the
doctors to treat the clients with efficiency and the
treatment process can be kept track on. This also
helps in understanding the terminological way that
will ensure that data that are gained during the
process of data handling helps the patients in case
the data that are physical in nature gets lost.
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