IoT in Automobile Manufacturing Industry

This paper explores the application and challenges of IoT in the automobile manufacturing industry. It discusses the use of IoT in smart cars and its impact on the automotive sector. The report includes an annotated bibliography of 10 journals and highlights the issues faced in the industry, such as cloud security, legal issues, and privacy concerns.

IoT in Automobile manufacturing industry

ABSTRACT – The main determination of this paper is to highlight the enactment of IoT in the automobile sector.
Data will be collected from secondary resources for this report. The paper will be focussing on numerous aspects
and issues of IoT in the automobile sector. The assignment will have numerous segments and each of the segment
will be contributing enough to maintain transparency of the paper.
Keywords: Fingerprint technology, Car infotainment systems, Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) technology, etc.
1. ANALYSE THE TASK
1.1 Purpose of the report
The notable aim of this paper is to identify the application of the
concept of IoT in the Automobile manufacturing industry. This
report will be very much important to understand the
effectiveness of IoT. It can be said that the global automotive
IoT market has increased significantly in the last 10 years.
1.2 Topic chosen for the report
The efficiency and productivity of the automobile industries all
over the world has improved along with the help of IT
innovations such as the IoT.
1.3 Format of the report
This report will be following a very professional format
introducing with a problem statement identifying the issues of
IoT which are faced in the automobile industry. The problem
statement will be followed by the annotated bibliography of 10
journals where researchers has mentioned their personal opinion
as well as the business aspects of IoT in automobile industry.
1.4 Problem Statement of the report
There are lots of issues with most of the IoT based devices in
automobile industry such as the cloud security related issues,
legal issues such as the difference of civil law between the
countries where the automobile are manufactured with the
regulations of the users of the country. Security breaches and
privacy concerns are the other challenges concerning the use of
IoT based devices in the automobile manufacturing industry.
There are other significant issues of IoT based devices in the
automobile industry in terms of the associated of technologies
such as Artificial Intelligence with IoT in the smart automobile.
1.5 Annotated bibliography
IoT in automotive industry: Connecting cars
This resource stated the advantages as well as the disadvantages
of using the concept of IoT based devices in smart automobile
vehicles. The researcher of the paper stated that the connectivity
issues of the automobile industry could be resolved or
minimised with the applications of the smart sensors of IoT
(Cohen, Arce-Plevnik & Shor, 2016). The usability of the car
infotainment systems can be downloaded from Apple or Google
play store.
Dense Moving Fog for Intelligent IoT: Key Challenges and
Opportunities
There are lots of concerns allied with the application of IoT
based devices in the automobile manufacturing industry.
Security and surveillance. Most of the mesh network cars can be
managed with the help of the concept of IoT. Development,
prototyping and testing of the automobile cars can be upgraded
with the help of data analytics as well as IoT. The real time
monitoring of the automobiles can be enriched using the IoT
based devices (Andreev et al., 2019). The challenges of the IoT
based devices has been mentioned in the paper as well. The
concept of cognitive insights from smart cars is very much
important to understand the functionality of the connected car
echo system.
An IoT Based Predictive Connected Car Maintenance
The connected vehicles are making the most out of the IoT as it
is widely being used in the smart automobiles and cars. IoT
plays a huge role in the maintenance purpose of the cars. The
transformational change of the automobiles and the automotive
sector are hugely affected with the help of the IoT (Dhall &
Solanki, 2017). The analysis as well as the understanding the
technologies can be very much beneficial to be adopted in the
automobile industry which can help in updating the facilities.
The mapping of the data is also significantly done with the help
of IoT. The service-oriented approach is very much important to
understand the software-driven facilities of smart cars.
Insecurity by design: Today’s IoT device security problem
There are lots of security issues allied with the use of IoT based
devices in the automobile manufacturing industry. Inefficient
design can lead to numerous complexities for the users of the
consumers of this automobile manufacturing industry. The
Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) technology is very much
significant for understanding the evolution of the automobile
industry. The alarm facilities of the smart cars are also
positively impacted with the help of V2I technology. The
concept of pre-collision technology is very closely associated
with the IoT based devices can be very much important to cover
the security issues of the latest automobiles (O’Neill, 2016).
Google assistants in cars can be significantly benefitted due to
the concept of IoT. The on-demand entertainment of the
customers of the automobile industry are accomplished with the
help of the services provided by the IoT.
Prototyping business models for IoT service
The prototyping business representations are very much
important in most of the advanced smart cars of the automobile
industry. The prototyping business models are very much
incorporated into the war vehicles which are manufactured in
the automobile industry (Ju, Kim & Ahn, 2016). The concept of
business models is very much important to track vehicles.
Communications such as Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) can be
improved using the concept of IoT based devices. The vehicle to
network communications can be improved with the help of the
prototype business models.
Car Security System using Fingerprint Scanner and IOT
Fingerprint technology is very much important in most of the
smart cars. The security system of the automated cars can be
improved using the IoT base devices. Fraudulent activities can
be restricted in the first place with the help of the fingerprint
scanner and other IoT based systems which are installed in most
of the smart cars these days (Sadhukhan, Acharyya & Prasad,
2017).
A survey: IoT (IOT) technologies, applications and
challenges
The application of the intenet of things has numerous
advantages as well as disadvantages associated with it.
Improved accessibility and security will be very much important
to understand the remote access and the control of the vehicle.
The heating and the ventilation difficulties of the automobiles
are organized with the help of smart devices such as the Viper

smart start (Shah & Yaqoob, 2016). Tapkey is very much
important to manage the ownership issues of smart cars. The
security of the vehicle can also be controlled with the help of
cloud based services. The GPS service is very much important
in most of the automobile industry. Onboard diagnostics are
important to track the health and habits of the drivers.
Smart Healthcare Kit for Cars Using Embedded System
And IoT
Healthcare kit of the cars are managed with the help of the
embedded system and IoT. Telematics and mobile technology
can be improved with the help of the embedded system. The
safety of the vehicles is also managed with the help of the IoT
(Ali, Reddy & Bhargavi, 2018). Traffic and congestions are the
negative impacts of IoT as well. The future of IoT in vehicles
has been presented in the paper as well.
IoT-Based Car's Parking Monitoring System
The IoT based car parking monitoring can be enhanced using
the IT professionals and experts. Both the driverless as well as
the autonomous cars can be managed with the help of IoT. The
classification of automated cars can be helpful in mitigating
most of the probable challenges of automated cars (Dwiputra et
al., 2018). The parking monitoring system can be very much
important to reduce traffic issues and the complexities of the
bottlenecks. The concept of predictive maintenance has been
presented in the paper as well. The application of the external
sensor can be very much important for the rear view cameras
which are used in the automobiles. The proximity sensors are
also very much essential for the detection of blind spots.
IoT diagnostics for connected cars
The connectivity issues of the cars can also be mitigated with
the help of the concept of IoT. The speed limitation of vehicle
technology can be enhanced and modified using the IoT
diagnostics (Panga et al., 2016). IoT diagnosis covers up the
insurance premiums of the automobiles. The road capacities of
the vehicles can also be tracked with the help of the service
provided by the IoT diagnostics.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Literature Review
2.1.1 According to Kwon et al. (2016), IoT based prognostics
can be very much important in most of the advanced cars which
are manufactured in the automobile industries. The industrial
application of the system health management system was
presented in a professional manner by the researchers of the
paper. The usefulness of the systems which are incorporated in
the smart vehicles are mentioned by the researchers in this
article. This paper explains the future opportunities of the same
cars as well as the smart devices which are used in the
automobiles. The rapid adoption of the IoT based PHM was
introduced in the paper as well. The paper helps in
understanding the security concerns of the business models. The
licensing approaches were not discussed in the paper which us a
significant limitation of the paper.
2.1.2 As mentioned by Chiang & Zhang (2016), most of the
automated vehicles uses IoT based services as well as cloud
computing to provide improved performance in smart cars. The
researcher of the paper stated that intra and intercommunication
systems are very much essential in most of the advanced cars.
The researcher of the paper also stated that the use of the new
communication system can be very much important for the
advanced automobiles to manage the road infrastructure and the
network infrastructure. The researcher also successfully
identified the complexities of the cloud transactions for the users
of the automobiles. The main benefit of the paper is that it helps
in understanding the complexities of V2C communications.
However, the prime drawback of the paper is that it does not
highlight the mitigation procedure of the communication
complexities.
Figure 1: IoT architecture for autonomous vehicles
(Source: Chiang & Zhang 2016)
2.1.3 As mentioned by Woo (2016), vehicle to cloud technology
are increasingly used in most of the automated vehicles in recent
times. The researcher of the paper explained turbocharge of the
IoT cloud services. The advanced IoT systems which are
integrated in the smart cars have been provided in the paper as
well by the researcher of the paper. The most significant
contribution of the paper is that it helps in understanding the
V2C communication systems which are there in most of the
smart cars. However, there are few limitations of the paper as
well it the paper fails to discuss the specifications of
turbocharge. It can also be said that the complexities of
turbocharge have not been presented in the paper well. Thus, the
paper helps in understanding the incorporation of the
communication systems used in cars and other vehicles.
2.1.4 According to Andrade et al. (2017), connected vehicles
make the most out of the concepts of IoT. The researcher of the
paper focussed on the enhanced efficiency of the automobiles
after the application of IoT. The researchers of the paper stated
about the management capabilities of the smart cars which are
improved after the incorporation of the infotainment
technologies. The paper helps in identifying the improved in-car
navigation facility which are provided by most of the reputed
automobile manufacturing organizations all over the world. The
Wi-Fi capabilities of the smart cars are improved using the IoT
based services. The paper highlights the complexities of the
electronic and the software sensors which works in the concept
of IoT. The paper also helps in identifying the increased
application of the IoT based devices in smart cars over the
years. However, there are lots of limitations in this paper as it
does not provide any case study to support the discussions made
in the paper.
2.1.5 As stated by Pal & Pal (2017), the vehicle simulation
system is very much important in most of the IoT based smart
cars. The researcher of the paper stated that development and
designing of the models are very much important in most of the
vehicle simulation systems which are widely used in the
working environment in most of the automobile organization.
The platforms which are available for the vehicle simulation
system were provided by the researchers in this paper. The
application of the users, services and the endpoints of the
vehicle simulation system has been presented in the paper as
well. The paper was also very much important to determine the
connectivity issues of the vehicle simulation system which are
incorporated with the smartphone of the users of the

automobiles. The main advantage of the paper is that it focuses
on most of the business aspects of vehicle simulation with the
help of graphical representations. However, there are few
limitations associated with the paper as well as it does not focus
on the complexities of the vehicle simulation system.
2.1.6 As mentioned by Arora et al. (2017), data processing
architecture are increasingly used in most of the automobile
manufacturing organizations all over the world. The researcher
of the paper states that the efficiency of the automobiles can be
significantly benefitted if the concepts of multi-representation
based data processing architecture are used in smart cars.
However, there are few limitations in the paper as well in terms
of the generalized format of the paper.
2.1.7 According to Marosi et al. (2018), data centre services of
the connected cars are enhanced using the IoT based devices.
The researcher of the paper stated that global organizations are
increasingly manufacturing new IoT based devices which are
installed in the connected cars such as temperature sensors. The
researcher of the paper stated that there are numerous
compatibility issues in most of the IoT based devices in
connected cars. The researcher stated that cloud systems can be
very much important in most of the connected cars as it helps in
securing the insurance and other business documents of the
automobile. The researcher of the paper stated that more than
125 million vehicles will be using the service provided by IoT
by the end of the year 2022. However, there are few limitations
of the paper as well as it does not considers the mobility and the
scalability issues of using IoT in connected cars.
2.1.8 As stated by Geethalakshmi & Sivakumar (2018), there
are lots of concerns allied with the usage of IoT based services
in the automobile industry. The researcher of the paper stated
that the application of the IoT is very much essential for most of
the driverless cars as it can help in minimizing the ethical
considerations of those cars. The researcher of the paper stated
that there are lots of security and privacy concerns related with
the application of IoT based services. The researcher of the
paper also stated that the fully autonomous vehicles uses the IoT
technology as it helps in identifying the security issues of IoT
based devices. The market and the technological trends of IoT
technology has been presented in the paper as well. The paper
has both advantages as well as disadvantages. The
disadsvantage of the paper is that it does not help in identifying
the mitigation procedures of each of the identified risks.
2.1.9 As mentioned by the researcher Gupta & Sandhu (2018),
abundant security concerns are associated wth the IoT based
automobiles such as the signalling error, management of the IoT
devices, power and battery consumption and the higher price of
the IoT based devices. The researcher of the paper stated that
the application of connected devices is a huge concern for most
of the customers of the automobile manufacturing industry in
terms of the high prices. All the insights of the technologies
used in smart cars have been presented in the paper in an
organized manner. It can also be said that the point to point
applications enhances the capabilities of the connected cars. The
battery consumption of the IoT based devices of the smart cars
is the prime contribution of the paper. The researcher of the
paper mentioned that lack of confidence of the commuters while
managing an IoT based device is a significant concern regarding
the desired functionality of the IoT based devices. The
importance of maintaining consumer protection privacy
principles have been presented in the paper as well. The chief
limitation of this paper is that it does not reflect the application
of numerous new strategies such as SQL injection which helps
the social engineer.
2.1.10. As discussed by Sliwa (2018), machine type
communication technology is very much important in most of
the IoT based devices. The researcher of the paper also
presented the global market of the connected cars which uses
IoT based services. The application of the engineering
simulation was also focussed by the researcher which is the
prime contribution of the paper. The open fog reference
architecture are used in most of the latest automobiles of the
world as mentioned by the researchers of this paper. The paper
successfully highlights the cybersecurity issues associated with
the help of connected cars.
2.2 Listing of the requirements from the literature review
 Signalling error is a major security issue of the IoT
devices used in automobiles.
 There are lots of ethical considerations in driverless
cars.
 There are compatibility issues with temperature
sensors in automobiles.
 There are connectivity issues in vehicle simulation
tools.
 In-car navigation facility is a demanding consumer
expectation in the automobile industry.
 Turbocharge of the IoT cloud services is a trendy
prospect in the automobile manufacturing industry.
 There are complexities in cloud transactions for the
users of the automobile manufacturing industry.
 System health management system is a characteristic
feature of the advanced smart automobiles.
The paper will be focussing on the signalling error of the IoT
devices.
2.3 Problem Statement
Inspite of providing enhanced services IoT have security issues
such as signalling error in smart cars.
2.4 Techniques to resolve the issue
Risk assessment procedures such as maintenance of the IT
governance plan can be useful to mitigate this security threat.
3. INTRODUCE THE PROBLEM
3.1 Introduction to the problem and domain
There are many security concerns associated with the
application of IoT based devices in automobile manufacturing
industry.
3.2 Challenges of IoT based devices in automobile
manufacturing industry
Issue Vulnerability
reason
Violation Countermeas
ures
Design
issue
Inefficient
design can
have a
significant
undesirable
impact on the
efficiency of
the IoT based
devices
installed in the
The heating
and
ventilation
difficulties
are the
prime
concern
regarding
this
challenge
Efficient
testing phase
can be very
much
important to
address this
security
issue

smart
automobiles.
Traffic
congestion
Most of the
IoT based
devices used in
the
automobiles
are generally
connected the
cloud services
and are
connected in a
private
network.
Thus,
congestion
is a huge
concern for
smart cars.
Cyber
security
issues such
as
Ransomware
is the other
significant
challenge of
IoT based
devices in
the
automobile
manufacturin
g industry.
All the
networking
traffic needs
to be
monitored in
a
professional
manner.
Business
model
The enactment
of the IoT
based devices
such as
temperature
sensor in
automobiles
are based on
business
models.
Business
models can
be outdated
quite often
due to the
emergence
of new
sensory
technology.
Selection of
appropriate
business
models can
help to
resolve
numerous
issues of the
automobile
industry.
Mobility There are
issues in IoT
based devices
in terms of
power and
energy
consumption.
The mobility
patterns are
needed to be
checked in
order to
resolve this
issue
Smart
mobility
procedures
can help in
resolving
this issue.
Scalability Horizontal
as well as
vertical
scalability
are the
major issues
of IoT in
automobile
industry
Administrati
ve scalability
and
functional
scalability.
3.3 Structure of the report
The above unit of the report presents the challenges of using IoT
in the automobile industry in an organized manner.
The problems are introduced in the primary section of the paper
which is followed by a brief description of the challenges.
4. FINAL REPORT
4.1 Abstract
The notable determination of this paper is to focus on the impact
of using the IoTbased devices in the automobile manufacturing
industry.
The scope of the report is to identify the steps to measures the
issues of the IoT based devices.
V2I technology are mostly used in the automobile technology as
it helps to meet the expectation of the consumers of this
industry.
Based on the annotated bibliography unit of the paper it can be
recommended that the IT governance plan can be used to
resolve the issues of using IoT in automobile industry.
This paper can be considered in the future researcher as the data
which will be presented in the paper will be mostly from the
peer-reviewed sources.
The paper is very much significant to identify the concerns of
using the IoT based devices in automobile manufacturing
industry.
4.2 Modification of Introduction
The security issues of the IoT based devices which are used in
the automobile industry are needed to be solved purposefully so
that the effectiveness of the technology is maintained.
4.3 Modify literature Review
The above sections of the paper highlighted the opinion of
different researchers who stated their opinion about the
usefulness of IoT based devices in the automobile
manufacturing industry.
According to Gupta et al., (2019), the complications of the
automobile industry are solved purposefully using the advanced
specifications of the IoT devices. The researcher of the paper
stated that IoT devices helped in improving the in-car navigation
facilities of the smart cars (Restuccia et al., 2019). The
investigators of this resources stated that telematics of the smart
cars are enhanced using the IoT technology. However Behrendt
(2019), stated that IoT is mostly used for entertainment purpose
in most of the IoT based devices. The researcher of this resource
also highlighted few complexities of the IoT devices such as the
privacy concerns and the over reliance of the technology (Cirillo
et al., 2019). The investigator of the paper also highlighted the
complexities of the IoT base devices which are increasingly
used in the smart cars.
As mentioned by Safa et al., (2019), IT governance plan is very
much significant to address the cyber security concerns of the
IoT devices which are used in automobile applications.
However Fouad & Moskowitz (2019), mentioned that the
complexities of the IoT devices should be understood by the
users of the IoT devices using skill development plan and the
orientation training. As stated by Dinc et al., (2019), risk
management plan can be very much important to manage the
IoT based devices which are usually used in the automobile
manufacturing industry like the temperature sensors. The
investigator of this resource helps in identifying the solution of
the compatibility issues of the IoT based devices using the cross
platform techniques.
Brainstorming process: This process can be also helpful to
understand the concerns of the IoT based devices
Qualitative risk evaluation: The qualitative risk evaluation
table can be very much important to understand the probability
and impact of each of the identified risks.
Risk register: All the risks of the IoT based devices can be
calculated using a risk register.
Surveillance and civil rights: Security policies of the IoT
devices can be useful to manage the violation of the IoT devices
in the automobile manufacturing industry.

Analyze the outsourcing risks: Users of the IoT based devices
must be analyzing the risks of the IoT devices.
Commercial Control List is very much important to understand
the issues faced by the users of the IoT based devices in
automobile manufacturing industry.
Justification: Commercial Control List (CCL) can help the
customers of this automobile industry to quality the risks of IoT
based devices (Miller, 2019). The regulation concerns of the IoT
based devices can also be addressed using CCL.
Annotated bibliography
The annotated bibliography from the first milestone stated that
about the design issues of the IoT based devices which are
increasingly used in the in-car facilities. The investigator of the
paper highlighted the importance of the V2I technology and the
pre-collision technology (Wollowski, & McDonald, 2019). It
can also be said that the privacy issues of these technologies can
be measured using brainstorming procedure. Thus, based on the
specifications of IoT and V2I technology it can also be said that
the feasibility of these technologies should be studied before
being considered in the implementation phase of the automobile
industry.
4.4 Table and graph to support the discussion
Figure 1: Increasing use of Pre-collision technology
(Source: Perera et al., 2019)
4.5 Research findings
Based on the research it can be said that the use of the o devices
have both positive and negative impact on the automobile
industry. The research found with technologies which are
integrated with IoT such as the pre-collision technology and the
V2I technology (McCann et al., 2019). The effectiveness of the
IoT devices can also be understood from this research
4.6 Conclusion
This paper help in identifying the impact of IoT based devices in
the automobile manufacturing industry. The different categories
of risks and benefits of using the IoT based devices in smart cars.
The paper highlights diverse issues of the IoT based devices such
as the issues of business model, traffic congestions, design issues
and the compatibility issues. It can also be said that the
brainstorming process can be very much significant to quantity the
concerns of the IoT based devices in automobile manufacturing
industry.
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