Integration of IoT in RFID: Challenges and Literature Review

This report discusses the integration of IoT in RFID, its challenges, and literature review. It is divided into 4 milestones covering purpose, topic, format, problem statement, and annotated bibliography. The report also covers the architecture of RFID, its components, and applications. Challenges faced in the implementation of IoT in RFID are also discussed.

Running head: IOT IN RFID
IOT IN RFID
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

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Table of Contents
Milestone 1......................................................................................................................................3
Purpose of the report........................................................................................................3
Topic of the report...........................................................................................................3
Expected Format of the report.........................................................................................3
Problem Statement...........................................................................................................4
Annotated Bibliography...................................................................................................4
Milestone 2....................................................................................................................................11
Literature Review..........................................................................................................11
Architecture of RFID.................................................................................................12
Application of RFID..................................................................................................15
Disadvantages of using RFID....................................................................................17
Requirement of the project............................................................................................18
Current and Past techniques...........................................................................................18
Milestone 3....................................................................................................................................19
Challenges......................................................................................................................19
References......................................................................................................................................21

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Abstract
This report is subdivided in 4 milestones, Milestone 1 is concerned with the processing and
framework of the system. Milestone 2 is considered with the literature review of the entire
processing of the implementation of the IOT in RFID. Milestone 3 is concerned with the
challenges that are faced in the processing of the IOT in RFID system.

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Milestone 1
Purpose of the report
Purpose of the report is to understand the functioning of Internet of things in regular day
to day life of individuals. Implementation of IOT in regular execution of tasks that helps in
enhancing the functioning process of the people using the technology. RFID has been one of the
technologies that has been gaining its importance in the regular processing of the functional;
process. The main advantage that is received as per the processing of the RFID implementation
is security and viability of product management.
Topic of the report
This report is based on the topic of integration of the platform of Internet of Things with
the technology of RFID.
Expected Format of the report
This report will be subdivided in 4 milestones. Milestone 1, Milestone 2, Milestone 3 and
Milestone 4 will be the heading of the entire report. Milestone 1 will be concerned with the steps
that will be taken for completion of the report. The framework of milestone 1 includes discussion
of the purpose of the report. Proper understanding of the reason for commencement of the report
will b e discussed. Topic statement is also provided in milestone 1. Proper discussion of the
format of the entire report is also discussed in this milestone. Problem statement of the report

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will also be provided in this section. The problems that will be the highlight of the report will
also be provided in this report. Proper performing of Annotated Bibliography is also performed.
In milestone 2 literature review of the stated articles are performed. This enhances the fact that
better understanding of the architecture and components that are important will be discussed.
This ensures that better processing of the business management will be performed. Discussion
regarding the present and past techniques of the project are also discussed. The challenges that
are faced in the processing of the project are also stated in this report.
Problem Statement
The problems that were present before the introduction of IOT in the field of RFID
includes improper asset visibility. Employee productivity also has been one of the major
problems that was present before implementation of the RGFID tags. Risks regarding the thefts
and loss were also very high before the implementation and introduction of the RFID tags.
Annotated Bibliography
Article 1
Kang, Y. S., Park, I. H., Rhee, J., & Lee, Y. H. (2015). MongoDB-based repository design for
IoT-generated RFID/sensor big data. IEEE Sensors Journal, 16(2), 485-497.
This article is mainly concerned with the processing of the architectural framework of the
repository design of the IOT generated RFID sensor. Proper generation of the data regarding the

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characterization as per the unstructured format of the data that are processed with the data
format. This article is also concerned with the functioning of the relational database that were
existing. The issues that are present in the functioning of the existing RFID are also stated in this
article. This article is not well accustomed with the basic terminologies and the definitions that
are required for novice researchers. Proper referencing and in texting are performed in the article.
Article 2
Al-Jabi, M., & Diab, M. (2017, December). IoT-enabled citizen attractive waste management
system. In 2017 2nd International Conference on the Applications of Information Technology in
Developing Renewable Energy Processes & Systems (IT-DREPS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
This article is mainly concerned with the functioning of the importance of IOT in the
field of waste management. The waste that are generated in the functioning of the regular day to
day tasks processing of common people and steps that are taken with the help of the
implementation of the IOT have been the major concern of the article. Processes of RFID
improving the waste management is the main motive of the article. Proper designing of the RFID
is also performed in the article. This article is very well referenced and hence copyright issue can
be mitigated.
Article 3

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Roselli, L., Mariotti, C., Mezzanotte, P., Alimenti, F., Orecchini, G., Virili, M., & Carvalho, N.
B. (2015, January). Review of the present technologies concurrently contributing to the
implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm: RFID, Green Electronics, WPT and
Energy Harvesting. In 2015 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks
(WiSNet) (pp. 1-3). IEEE.
This article is basically focused on the processing of the review pf the technologies that
are created as per the processing of the technology of IOT. This has been one of the main reasons
that proper functioning of the instruments that are based on the platform of the IOT. Proper
understanding of the RFID, Green electronics and other electronic devices that are wired or
wireless in nature. This article also provides a proper understanding of the realistic
implementation of the technologies that have been providing high end benefits to the functioning
of the regular tasks.
Article 4
Madakam, S., Ramaswamy, R., & Tripathi, S. (2015). Internet of Things (IoT): A literature
review. Journal of Computer and Communications, 3(05), 164.
This article is basically focused on the importance of IOT in the functional process of the
RFID, EPC, IPV6. A proper description of the functional process of the appliances namely Wi
Fi, Bluetooth, NFC and other appliances namely barcode, actuators and sensors. This description

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of the appliances that are based on the platform of IOT is also discussed. This proper
understanding of the management of the functional process of the appliances are also well
descripted in this article. Proper saving of the identification issues is also performed in this
article.
Article 5
Catarinucci, L., De Donno, D., Mainetti, L., Palano, L., Patrono, L., Stefanizzi, M. L., &
Tarricone, L. (2015). An IoT-aware architecture for smart healthcare systems. IEEE Internet of
Things Journal, 2(6), 515-526.
This article is concerned with the processing of the technologies that are related to
platform of the IOT. This processing of the IOT in the commencement of health care has been
performed as per the commencing of the management of the health care system. This article
provides a vivid description regarding the sensed data as per the periodically processing of the
appliances. Description of the memory of the processing of the RFID Gen2 tag is performed in
this article. A proper description of the 6LRR nodes will be provided in the article. This article
does not provide proper definition of the appliances and architecture of the system is also not
provided in the system.
Article 6

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Fernández-Caramés, T., Fraga-Lamas, P., Suárez-Albela, M., & Castedo, L. (2017). Reverse
engineering and security evaluation of commercial tags for RFID-based IoT
applications. Sensors, 17(1), 28.
This article discusses about the implementation of IOT in the distributed systems. This
processing of the distributed system enhances better functioning and understanding of the
decision-making process. This ensures that better understanding of the data physical objects that
are required for better commencing of the business management will be performed. This is one
of the major aspects that benefits the understanding of the functioning process of the sensors,
actuators and other electronic appliances that are based on the platform of IOT. This report
discusses about the integration process that will be provided for completion of the network
communication process in the RFID system. Data collection and exchange through the RFID
platform are the major concerns that are discussed in the article.
Article 7
Shah, S. H., & Yaqoob, I. (2016, August). A survey: Internet of Things (IOT) technologies,
applications and challenges. In 2016 IEEE Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE) (pp. 381-
385). IEEE.
This article is concerns about the processing of the challenges that are faced by the IOT
devices regarding the functioning of the process. Proper description of the development process

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of the RFID are well stated in this article. Discussions regarding internet protocols are also stated
in this article. This article also provides a better understanding of the functional process of the
RFID and the benefits that are gained due to the implementation of the IOT in RFID.
Discussions regarding smart sensors are also performed in this article.
Article 8
Mahmoud, R., Yousuf, T., Aloul, F., & Zualkernan, I. (2015, December). Internet of things (IoT)
security: Current status, challenges and prospective measures. In 2015 10th International
Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST) (pp. 336-341). IEEE.
This article discusses about the current status pf development of the RFID. This article
also provides a vivid understanding regarding the growth in the stages that are beneficial in the
functional processing of the business management system. This ensures that proper management
of the business functioning will be made as per the processing of the invention integration in the
RFID. This article is focused on the different phases of development of the RFID tags. Proper
discussions regarding the wireless sensors are made. This ensures that proper management of the
business processing are performed as per the commencing of the RFID implementation in
regular life.
Article 9

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Adriano, D. B., & Budi, W. A. C. (2018, December). Iot-based Integrated Home Security and
Monitoring System. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1140, No. 1, p. 012006). IOP
Publishing.
This article is focused on the functional process of the IOT in the field of security. Proper
discussions are made regarding proper management of the security-based monitoring systems
that are being used and developed as per the terminology of the IOT. This ensures that proper
designing techniques that are used are also discussed in this article. The two layer security
system are well discussed in this article. Usage of RFID card along with the numerical pin code
that is installed in the doors for security purpose are also discussed.
Article 10
Khan, S. F. (2017, March). Health care monitoring system in Internet of Things (IoT) by using
RFID. In 2017 6th International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management
(ICITM) (pp. 198-204). IEEE.
This article is concerned with the processing of the implementation of RFID, based on
the platform of the IOT for proper performing of the monitoring system in the healthcare sector.
Discussion regarding the adaption of the ICT in the field of healthcare also has been a major
concern in this topic. The developments that have been made in recent times are well stated in
this article. Emergence phases of IOT and RFID in the field of health sector has been the major

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concern of the article. This article does not provide proper description of the architecture that is
used in the system. Discussion regarding the processing of the development of the administration
process are also stated in this article.
Milestone 2
Literature Review
According to Kang et (2015), RFID tags are basically the tracking systems that are
involved in the processing of the smart bar codes. RFID utilizes the radio frequency technology
that provides better tracking of the objects. These radio waves generally transmits data from the
tags dedicated to the reader. The technology that is used by RFID is wireless communication.
This process is performed as per the processing of the objects and the interrogating device. RFID
helps in automatic tracking and identifying of the objects. The transmission range of the tangs
are nearly several meters. In case the readers are several meters far from the object, the reader
will be still capable of tracking the object. There is no requirement regarding the clear line of
sight in between the reader and the object. Interoperability of RFID is properly defined by the
International Standards Organization and International Electro technical Commission (IEC),
regulate and properly define the RFID technology.
The RFID tags generally contains a minimum of one Integrated Circuit and one antenna.
The microchip that is present in the system stores the information. The process also incurs the

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fact that proper management of the radio frequency communication is performed. Separate
energy sources are required for better processing of the communication process. The RFID tags
that are passive in nature ensures the fact that better understanding of the external
electromagnetic signals are provided. This ensures that the readers get benefitted due to the
implementation of the tags. The major advantage that is required for the processing of the
passive tags insists the fact that independent power system are not needed. This leads to the fact
that efficiency in the functioning process increases and the convenience by which the process
gets performed is projected with higher efficiency. In case of using the active RFID tags,
independent energy sources are required. This ensures that usage of the battery and other power
sources are commenced as per the projection of the transmission and capability range. Retail
supply chain and automated payment methods are the most highly benefitted sectors. This
ensures that proper management of the baggage tracking system, document tracking and
pharmaceutical management sectors are also affected in a proper manner.
Architecture of RFID
Components
According to Al-Jabi & Diab (2017), The major components that are required for the
completion of the system includes Tag- Transponder, Reader- Transceivers and backend data
base.

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Tags are composed with the help of the microchips. The main usage of the tags includes
computation and storage of data as per the coupling effect. Implementation of the antenna coil
for the communication process is performed in the functioning of the RFID tags. Contact pads
are also present in the RFID tags. The tags are basically diverged in 2 types. The 2 types are
namely Active tag and passive tags. In case of implementation of the Active tag the main aspect
that is taken into consideration is that the power sources for the circuitry system of the antenna is
used. Readability from a distant source is one of the major aspect that helps in detecting products
that will ensure that sensors that use electricity is detected. In case of the passive tag, the RFID
tag does not contain the power source. The power source of the passive tags are derived from the
inductive coupling along with the reader antenna. The main issue that is present is that detection
process can be performed only within a shorty distance. The main advantage of using these tags
is that the functional process of the RFID tag will ensure the fact that passive RFID will be
functional for nearly 20 odd years without the implementation of the battery. The cost that is
incurred in the processing of the passive RFID is also very less. The last tag that is present in the
system is Semi Passive tag. This tag is similar to that of the Passive tags. These tags also uses the
processing of the battery. This is one of the major aspect that provides better understanding of
the integration of the power system in the RFID system. The main advantage that is present in
the system includes the fact that real time tracking can be performed. This tags have their price
compromised along with their decreased size.

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According to Roselli et al, (2015), Reader is used for interrogating the RFID tag. An
antenna is present in the system that emits radio waves. After gaining of the antenna generated
signals sending back of data via the antenna is also made. This ensures that proper management
of the identification of the antenna gain can be performed in a manner that will be providing
higher management of the RFID technology. Orientation and polarization also has been a major
reason for processing of the reader antenna along with the transponder antenna. This system
enhances the connectivity process of the RFID system. The main benefits of the reader in a RFID
system includes Bidirectional communication as per the tags. Initial processing of the received
information has been one of the major aspect that provides better understanding of the
connection of the server as per the links that are present in the information in the enterprise.
Backend Database is considered as the networking element that are considered with the
processing of then wireless Ethernet that connects the processing of the identifying and tracking
of the inventory management systems for proposing of the security application.
Design
According to Madakam, Ramaswamy & Tripathi (2015), A base of Microbroker that is
based on the platform of the MQTT is used in the system. The entire processing is divided bin 2
main domains. The domains include Edge domain and Premises domain. Among the edge
domains there are more 3 domains. The domain of edge domain include Reader agent, Barcode

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reader agent and Filter agent. The functioning of the Reader agent is to send RFID information to
the microbroker. The main functioning of the Barcode reader agent includes sending of the
barcode information to the MIcrobroker. The main function of the Filter agent is to send
coordinated tag list to the microbroker. Another aspect that is performed includes receiving of
the barcode and RFID information. The other domain that is the premises domain, the main
function is to receive and process RFID and the barcode for topping data info from the
microbroker.
Application of RFID
RFID finds its usage in several sections. The sections are namely Commerce sector,
Transport sector, Logistic sector, Infrastructure management sector, Transportation payment
sector, Animal identification sector, Institutions and Sports. Among the broad headings of the
usage of the RFID, the subheadings that are to be provided includes retail sector, access control
sector, advertising sector and promotion sector under the broad heading of the Commerce.
Hospitals, shopping malls and museum falls under the processing of the Institution sector.
Implementation of RFID has been used to the fullest in the retail sector. This ensures that
the functioning process has been providing proper management of the protection of the self-
checkout of the process as per the processing of the customers. In case any customer takes a
product and leaves the shop with an activated RFID, alarm rings and hence the processing of the

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management of the entire system can be performed. This ensures the fact that proper
management of the electronic article surveillance will be processed. This aspect ensures that
better understanding of the business management will have to be performed as per the
commencing of the RFID detector. Casinos also implements RFID in the chips. This ensures
that proper management of the authentication of the poker chips are validated.
With the help of the implementation of the RFID system, the main aspect that will be
considered includes the fact that proper understanding of the distance at which the object is
located and hence with the help of the access code that is generated in the processing of the
vehicles includes controlling of the areas so that no obstacles are faced due to the accessing of
the code.
With the help of the passive RFID, the social networking sites have been getting highly
benefitted. This is one of the main reason that the functioning of the project has been affecting
the functioning of the automotive brands.
According to Catarinucci et al, (2015) Starting of the RFID passports have been one of
the major processing of the technology. This ensures that the passports will be integrated with
the RFID in them. The functional process of the RFID passports are performed as per the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). With the help of the e passport system the

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main aspect that will be considered is that the contactless integrated circuits are implemented in
the passports that will enable proper commencing of the standard e passport system.
RFID is also used for the processing of the mass transit fares as per the commencing of
the bus, trains or subways or in the high ways. Bike lockers are also implemented with the RFID
system as it helps in tracking of the time, the bike was present in the parking zone. This ensures
commencing of the parking ticket in a better manner.
Hospitals have been the very first sector of implementing then RFID system. This
technology have been helping in detecting the very small changes that are present or are
occurring. All these are performed at a very limited cost. This implementation of the limited cost
in the technology have been helping in increase the efficiency in the projection of the successful
deployment of the RFID technology.
Disadvantages of using RFID
The major issues that are present in the implementation of the RFID includes data
flooding. Unsuccessful reading of the tags has been one of the major concern that will be
affecting the functional processing of the managing of the inventory as per the application.
There has been no fixed standards as per the processing of the business management.
This enhances the fact that proper management of the international frequency domains will face
severe challenges.

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Tracking of RFID tags has been providing security based challenges in the system. This
is one of the main aspect that higher robustness in the platform is required. This is one of the
major reason that application of RGID has not been getting such high exposure.
Decryption of the data present in the passports have been a major concern for the data
breaching process. The main issue that arises in this system is that the data from the e passports
gets breached.
Requirement of the project
According to Fernández-Caramés et al, (2017), The requirements that are important in
the commencing of the RFID development are the Tag- Transponder, Reader- Transceivers and
backend data base. The main aspect that is to be taken into consideration includes proper
management of the product.
Out of the three requirements, the most important requirement that will be required
includes back end data base. The reason of implementation of the back end database to be the
backbone of the database system is because the actions that are performed will be completely
based on the processing of the data that are present in the back end data base.
Current and Past techniques
According to Shah & Yaqoob (2016), The past techniques that are implemented in the
RFID technique includes refined radars. In the year of 1950, development of the long range

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transponder system for aircraft was used via RFID. In the year 1960, electronic article
surveillance was introduced in the field of the RFID. In the mid-1970s, the main aspect that was
taken into consideration includes electronic toll collection. In the year 1980, animal tracking was
performed. In today’s society, RFID has been a technology that has been providing higher
efficiency in the functioning process of the management. This is one of the major reason that
different tags of RFID are put into use, namely the Active, passive and Semi Passive RFID.
Milestone 3
Challenges
The challenges that are present in the processing of the RFID tags includes disruption
issues, tag collision, reader collision, Unauthorized reading issue, removal of difficulty reading
issue via gain antenna, credit card linkage and cost related issues,
As per the presence of the disruption issue the main aspect that is taken into consideration
is that tags are jammed and hence electromagnetic energy as per the electromagnetic spectrum is
also provided. This has been the major reason that proper management of the military fields are
not performed in a proper manner (Mahmoud et al, 2015). As per the tag collision the main
aspect that is taken into consideration is that the functioning of several tags present in a smaller
area gets affected. This is one of the major reason that the functional process gets harmed and
overleaping of the data management affects the functional process of the entire scenario will get

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tormented. In case of the reader collision processing, the data that are gathered by the reader gets
overlapped and hence the data that are being collected gets distorted (Khan 2017). This is one of
the major reason that the functional process is performed with the commencement of the anti-
collision protocols. Data breaching has been one of the major challenge that affects the
functional processing of the business management. The cost that is incurred in the process is also
very high. This ensures that the data management is performed in a manner that affects the
functional process of the RFID tag. The initial cots has been very high (Adriano & Budi 2018).

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References
Adriano, D. B., & Budi, W. A. C. (2018, December). Iot-based Integrated Home Security and
Monitoring System. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1140, No. 1, p.
012006). IOP Publishing.
Al-Jabi, M., & Diab, M. (2017, December). IoT-enabled citizen attractive waste management
system. In 2017 2nd International Conference on the Applications of Information
Technology in Developing Renewable Energy Processes & Systems (IT-DREPS) (pp. 1-
5). IEEE.
Catarinucci, L., De Donno, D., Mainetti, L., Palano, L., Patrono, L., Stefanizzi, M. L., &
Tarricone, L. (2015). An IoT-aware architecture for smart healthcare systems. IEEE
Internet of Things Journal, 2(6), 515-526.
Fernández-Caramés, T., Fraga-Lamas, P., Suárez-Albela, M., & Castedo, L. (2017). Reverse
engineering and security evaluation of commercial tags for RFID-based IoT
applications. Sensors, 17(1), 28.
Kang, Y. S., Park, I. H., Rhee, J., & Lee, Y. H. (2015). MongoDB-based repository design for
IoT-generated RFID/sensor big data. IEEE Sensors Journal, 16(2), 485-497.
Khan, S. F. (2017, March). Health care monitoring system in Internet of Things (IoT) by using
RFID. In 2017 6th International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management

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IOT IN RFID
(ICITM) (pp. 198-204). IEEE.
Madakam, S., Ramaswamy, R., & Tripathi, S. (2015). Internet of Things (IoT): A literature
review. Journal of Computer and Communications, 3(05), 164.
Mahmoud, R., Yousuf, T., Aloul, F., & Zualkernan, I. (2015, December). Internet of things (IoT)
security: Current status, challenges and prospective measures. In 2015 10th International
Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST) (pp. 336-341).
IEEE.
Roselli, L., Mariotti, C., Mezzanotte, P., Alimenti, F., Orecchini, G., Virili, M., & Carvalho, N.
B. (2015, January). Review of the present technologies concurrently contributing to the
implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm: RFID, Green Electronics, WPT
and Energy Harvesting. In 2015 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and
Sensor Networks (WiSNet) (pp. 1-3). IEEE.
Shah, S. H., & Yaqoob, I. (2016, August). A survey: Internet of Things (IOT) technologies,
applications and challenges. In 2016 IEEE Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE) (pp.
381-385). IEEE.