IOT in Smart Cities: Enhancing Security and Livability

This paper discusses the Internet of Things (IOT) and its applications in creating smart cities. It explores the benefits of IOT in enhancing security, energy consumption, waste management, and more. The paper also covers the implementation process and the challenges faced. Additionally, it discusses the use of IOT in healthcare, transportation, and other industries. The paper includes a literature review and a case study to validate the points discussed.

IOT IN SMART-CITIES
Name of Student
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Author Note
Abstract—The paper is about one of the most
recent and advanced technology that is been
developed in the world that is the Internet Of
things. In order to understand the technology
properly background information is necessary
which is discussed in this paper. Internet of
things which is short formed as the IOT is
making huge effects in the life of the common
people. IT is been used in every aspect of the
human life. IOT have found major applications
in the filed like the building the smart cities,
smart offices, health care among others. This
paper focuses on the aspects of the IOT in the
field of the IOT revolution in the creating of the
smart cities.
The IOT in the smart cities have found some of
the major application in the things like the
smart buildings, smart vehicles, smart energy,
Environmental monitoring, Water distribution
lines, Wearable sensors, Security and privacy
and many more. The paper focus on the
research questions
This paper provides a broad description of IOT
in context smart cities. This paper further
discussed about the possible IOT applications on
the other industries in association with the
smart cities like the health care industry, smart
offices and others.. This paper also includes the
literature reviews which structured in
chronological order. Finally, it provides proper
conclusion with references.
Keywords— IOT, Smart-City, Sensors, Managers
I. CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION
The Internet of things can be defined as a scenario
in which everything is having a unique
identification number and is connected to the
internet so that everything can be automatically
controlled and the machines can exchange data in
between them automatically. The internet of things
is one of the most promising technologies that can
help to bring a revolution in the working of the city
and decrease the challenges of the society. The use
of the smart machines and sensors can help in the
reduction of the many of the problems that are
faced by the modern cities. This paper focuses on
the facts that how the learning the security changes
Can help in the property of understanding of the
IOT system. Further how the security changes can
help in the proper function of the smart city is also
a part of the paper.
The study will help with better understanding of
implementations of the smart cities many sectors of
a city like the hospitals, education, transportations,
marketing, banks, ATM machines, Parking, Cars
and many others can be interconnected to decrease
the anomalies in the society. This paper explains
about some of the most important use of the
internet of things like the use of the IOT for the
purpose of enhancing the energy consumptions in
the cities and how the IoT can be used for the
purpose of managing proper sewage disposal units.
Thus it can be said that the internet of things is one
of the most important things that can be established
in the recent future. It the internet of things as
explained above is one of the most important things
that will be used in the future for the process of
enchasing each and every sector of a society. The
smart connections in between the hospitals,
education systems, transports and other aspects of
the society will be well connected and hence
helping to better shape the future. Some of the
major aspects of the using the internet of things in a
city will be explained in the paper.
A. Chapter 1.1 Background of the study:
The concept of the IOT for the smart cities
is not a very old concept and there has been a
significant amount of work done in the past years.
Some of the countries like the UAE have already
started the construction of the systems of the smart
cities in the Dubai. There has been a significant
amount of work that has already been done in this
sector. The concept of the smart city is something
that has been trying get implemented since the
early 90’s. In the 2000s with the rise of the
networking concept these dream of the smart cities
became true and now in the present time, there
have been significant changes coming.
B. Chapter 1.2 Problem statement
In the modern world, there have been a
number of challenges that the government are
facing. One of the major such problems is the poor
management of the energy. This can be easily
solved with the help of the smart cities. The
Student ID

security of the citizen is one of the most important
aspects of any government, this is one of the prime
benefit that the smart city provides. With the use of
the technology like the sensors and the remote
access it can help in many situations and further
reduce chances any risk for any citizen, Some of
the other major benefits that the IOT can bring is
that with the automation of the machines, the
intercommunication in between different sectors
can help the people in proper management of the
city. One of the other major problems that is faced
by the normal cities and that can be easily solved
with smart cities is the energy and fuel
management.
C. Chapter 1.3 Aims and the objectives
1) Aim
The aim of the paper is to investigate how
the introduction of the internet of the
things can help the common people in
utilizing the things of the smart cities in
advancing and improving the living
conditions. Other than this how the
security of any city has increased with the
introduction of the smart cities is also one
of the major points of the paper.
Determining how the smart city can help
in the providing better security to the
citizens will be discussed in the paper.
Objectives
1: The primary objective of the paper is to
understand how the smart cities can help
in providing better security to the citizens.
2: The secondary aim of the paper is to
understand how the people get benefited
from the smart cities and how solves many
of general problems like energy
consumptions, waste management of a
city.
D. Chapter 1.4 Research Questions
The major questions that the paper will quest about
is that how the introduction of the IOT has helped
in the process of increasing the security of the
people and how these have helped people in
gaining more knowledge is also one of the major
questions in this. What kind of the security. How
the automation of the systems have helped in the
better communication plans and between different
sectors of the city.
II. CHAPTER 2: INTERNET OF THINGS:
A. Chapter 2.1: Introduction:
The internet of things is one of the most
advanced technology that has been developed in
the recent years which uses all the modern
technologies like the Radio frequencies,
Networking, internet, machine learning artificial
intelligence and others like the big data. These
technologies have helped a lot in the process of
enhancing the internet of the things. There has been
a numerous amount of work done by many of the
researchers in order to enhance the technologies.
Many of the experts have provided with some of
the some of the details about the papers. This paper
explains about some of the most important use of
the internet of things like the use of the IOT for the
purpose of enhancing the energy consumptions in
the cities and how the IoT can be used for the
purpose of managing proper sewage disposal units.
B. Chapter 2.2: Literature Review
According to sun et al (2014), stated that the smart
cities or the smart and connected communities are
one of the most important things in the modern
generation. The researchers state that the smart
cities can be called as the emerging as one of the
priorities that is to be researched in the modern
times [2]. Further, in the paper, the authors
explained about the technologies that are used in
the process of the making a normal city a smart
city. According to the researchers, one –of the most
important required technology is the big data. The
big data analytics plays an important role in this
process. The researchers stated that the vision of
IoT for smart cities is to improve the livability of
the city. Other than the livability of the city the
other important factors are the preservations,
sustainably and revitalization. The four can be
called as the key components of the smart cities.
(Figure: 1: Components of smart cities)
(Source: Sun et al., 2014)
Further, in the paper, the researchers explain about
the other technologies that may be helpful for the
process of the implementing the Internet of things.
Later in the paper the researcher's sun et al (2014)
explains about the architectures that are important
for the process of the implementing the IOT in a
city. The researchers suggests for layers for this
namely the sensing/responding layer,
interconnecting layer, data layer, and services
layer. Further, the researcher explains all these
information’s in a detailed manner [4]. Progressing
in the paper further the major IoT enabling
technologies for the smart and connected cities are
given in the paper like the emerging data storage
technologies, Information Extracting from big
sensing data and others major technologies.
Concluding the paper the researches provides some
of the major benefits like the security advantage

and other major advantages are provided in the
paper. Thus this can be said that this is one of the
major paper that have researched about the major
benefits and how the implementation process
works in the IOT.
(Figure 2: Implementing the IOT)
(Source: [3])
In this paper the researchers zanelaa et al., 2014 the
researchers explain about the internet of things in
the smart cities are the incorporate as the
transparently and seamlessly a large number of
different and heterogeneous end systems, while
providing open access to selected subsets of data
for the development of a plethora of digital
services[5]. The researchers explain that the IOT is
one of the most complicated things that is tough to
be implemented and need huge efforts. But also the
researchers explains the advantages of the same.
Further, the researchers explain the basic concepts
and the services that the smart cities can provide.
Thus this paper helps in the process of analyzing
the internet of things. The researcher explains
about the major areas that the papers explain like
the structure of the healthcare buildings, the
process of the waste management, controlling the
noise and other issues , controlling of traffic
congestion networks and most importantly the
energy consumption issues that are related. The
researchers explains this as some of the most
important things that can be implemented in order
to enhance the controlling the smart cities. Further
explaining more about the internet of things and the
urban IOT architectures and how these helped in
the process of making the cities more connected
[7]. Further explaining the different kind of the
architectures like the web services architectures,
the linked layer technologies and the devices how
these can be merged and help in the process of
building the IOT are well explained in the paper.
The researchers explain that the IOT is one of the
most complicated things that is tough to be
implemented and need huge efforts. But also the
researchers explains the advantages of the same.
Further in order to explain the facts that are
explained the researchers explains a small case
study which can validate the points that are
explained in the paper [9]. Further concluding the
topic the researchers explains the importance of the
data that are collected in the smart cities
experiment projects and how these can be useful
for the process of the large-scale projects.
In this paper, the jinn et al., 2014, explains the
importance of the internet of things how this can
help the upcoming generation in being connected to
the world. At first, the people needs the motivation
for the use of the internet of the things for the smart
cities. The need for the motivation factor is one of
the most important things that is needed to be
introduced in the paper. Further, the researchers
explain the IOT infrastructures and how these have
helped in the properties of the network centric IOT
[10]. The researchers explain the different
networking modulus well explained in the paper.
Some of the things that are explained in the paper
are wireless sensors. The researchers explain about
different sensors like the RFID, WSN. These can
be called the building blocks of the internet of
things in the smart cities. Further, the researchers
explains about the addressing schemes,
connectivity models and the quality control
services. The researchers also explains these
models in a detailed manner so that the use of these
things can be define properly [12]. Other than this
the Cloud-centric IOT is also well explained in the
paper. The cloud computing is one of the major
thing that is also well explained in the paper.
Further, the Data Centric IOT is also an important
point that is well explained in the paper and have
helped in the process of explaining the features of
the IOT. The process of the designing the network
architecture is one of the other thing that is well
explained in the paper and this is one of the major
thing that is well explained in the paper. Further,
explain the noise map architecture the paper
explains about the noise mapping architecture and
how it can affect the normal life of the people.
Concluding the topic the researchers explain about
varied technological advancements that may be
required for the integration of the plan in the
coming future.
In this paper, the researchers Boulos and
Najeeb M Al-Shorbaji (2014) explains the need for
the healthcare industry in smart cities. The authors
state that the use of the IOT can help in increasing
the health conditions of the people to a great extent.
The use of the smart cities each and every people
can connect the hospitals in an easier manner. Also,
the researchers speak about the ongoing projects
like one in Barcelona and how these have helped
the people of the country in gaining extra medical
attention [11]. This is one of the most important
and serious things that can be properly

implemented with the use of the OT. Also, the
researchers explain the world health organization
programs that have helped people in understanding
medical conditions in a better way. The use of the
machine learning and the big data can help people
in better analyzing of the data and use these can be
beneficial for the purpose of enhancing the medical
facilities. . Thus this paper helps in the process of
analyzing the internet of things. The researcher
explains about the major areas that the papers
explain like the structure of the healthcare
buildings, the process of the waste management,
controlling the noise and other issues , controlling
of traffic congestion networks and most
importantly the energy consumption issues that are
related [1]. The researchers explain this as some of
the most important things that can be implemented
in order to enhance the controlling the smart cities.
The researchers also explains these models in a
detailed manner so that the use of these things can
be define properly. Thus concluding the topic the
researchers explains why it is needed to implement
the smart cities and how these can help in better
analyzing the health care industry.
In this paper, the researchers saraju, choppali and
gauginos (2014) about why there is a need for the
internet of things in the modern generation. The
researchers explain that the society needs the smart
cities can help in many processes like enhancing
the educational systems, the medical systems and
other sectors. Also, there is a need for the
components and characteristics of the smart cities
are also well explained in the paper. Further, the
researchers explain the different attributes of the
smart cities and how these can help in the
development of the world [3]. The paper introduces
us to the smart infrastructure of the building can
help in enhancing the security and the services to
the people in the city. The researchers suggests for
layers for this namely the sensing/responding layer,
interconnecting layer, data layer, and services
layer. Further, the researcher explains all these
information’s in a detailed manner. The use of the
machine learning and the big data can help people
in better analyzing of the data and use these can be
beneficial for the purpose of enhancing the medical
facilities. . Thus this paper helps in the process of
analyzing the internet of things. This is one of the
most important things that is well explained in the
paper. The concept of the smart transportations is
one of the other major things that has been well
explained in the paper. This paper explains all the
concepts of the smart innovations and smart calls
room techniques. This can be said that this is one of
the major paper in the field of the IOT which have
explained a lot about the different aspect of the
IOTs. Smart city challenges are also a part of the
paper and have been well discussed in the paper.
The paper also explains the importance of the big
data in the smart cities and how these have helped
in the process of the development of the structure
of the smart cities.
C. Chapter 2.3: IoT for energy management
The energy management control can be called as
one of the most vital uses of the internet of things.
In the present times, the use of the energy is one of
the major problems that is been faced by the
governments of a country. With the rise in
decreasing of the fossil fuels, there has been a
significant increase in the use of the biodegradable
sources. These Internet of things can help in the
process highly, the IoT can help in the processes
like the measuring, monitoring and the managing
the energy consumptions in a city. According to
many of the Scientific, the use of the intelligent
energy sources can help in the processes like the
reduction of the carbon dioxide level of the city.
Further interconnecting all the resources that sum
up the use of the total energy consumptions of the
city can help in the proper monitoring of the
sources. Some of the major areas where the IoT can
help in the process of the proper management of
energy are:
 Understanding and collecting of
data form resources: In a city,
proper energy is used in several
of the fields like the hospitals,
residence complexes, transport
systems and others. The use of
the IoT can help in the proper
process of managing the data
from these sources. The
interconnection of all these
sectors can proper analyse to
understand where the energy is
consumed most and where there
is wastage of current. Thus, with
the use of the artificial
intelligence, the systems can take
decisions in cases of emergency
and help reduce the current
consumptions.
 Solar and wind Management:
The solar and wind generation of
the energy is one of the most
recent technologies that is been
used for the generation of the
energy, with the use of the
internet of things the monitoring
process of these becomes easier.
It helps in the proper understating
of the generation of the resources
and further helps in the proper
distribution of the electricity.
 IoT In smart Homes: The use of
the IOT in the homes can reduce
the electricity consumptions in
the houses. This helps in the
process of proper analysing of the

wasting of current that are
commonly made in houses. Also,
this helps in ensuring use of the
devices that use low powers like
the LED bulbs and others. Thus
this ensures the energy is used in
a well-specified manner.
(Figure: 3: Smart Home using
IOT)
(Source: [4])
D. Chapter 2.4: IOT for Swage management:
In the recent world, controlling the
quantity of the swage from the cities is one of the
major problems that is faced by many of the
organizations. The use of the IOT can help in the
process of proper management of waste materials.
Using, IOT helps in process of smart management
use of biodegradable sources have increased. One
of the major thing that biodegradable waste helps is
using these for the purpose of generating biofuel.
This can be a revolutionary idea for the process of
enhancing the energy that is consumed by the
world also decreasing the use of fossil fuels. The
use of the internet of things can also help in the
process of managing solid wastes and deal with
how to store them or how to reuse them in a better
way.
III. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The Internet of the things is one of the most vast
topic that is been developed in the recent times.
This paper have already mentioned some of the
most researched paper that have well explained the
concept of the internet of things in the smart cities.
In order to study the main research questions in this
paper, the process of the qualitative assignment is
used. Data have been taken from a numerous
number of articles that provides with some of the
best data and researchers that have been done
earlier. For this assignment the data is taken and
considered form the articles that have been
previously studied.
IV. CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION
Thus concluding the topic, it can be said that the
internet of things is one of the most revolutionary
concept that have been developed in the recent
years and have been evolving since then. The paper
discussed about many of the previous paper where
the researchers have researched about some of the
major and most important changes that have been
done in the recent years. This paper explains about
some of the most important use of the internet of
things like the use of the IOT for the purpose of
enhancing the energy consumptions in the cities
and how the IoT can be used for the purpose of
managing proper sewage disposal units. The use of
the IoT can help in proper analyzing of the power
consumptions of a city and thus making it more
suitable for the process of the power generation.
The proper analyzing of the consumptions of the
power will help the management of the city to use
the energy in a well-structured manner this will not
only reduce the wastage of the energy but also help
in the process of the storage and reduce the costs
accordingly. Further, for any mega city now a days
the waste generated by the public is one of the most
important issue that is to be controlled. The concept
of the smart city can help in the process of the
proper management of the waste that are generated
by any city. The IoT can help in the process of the
managing the bio waste of a city and use this for
the purpose of generating electric or current. Also
the use of the IOT can help in the process of
proper using of the waste for in terms of bio
degradable and the non-biodegradable products.
Hence it can be said that the use of the IoT can
result to some of the massive changes in the city.
One of the major benefit it can do is to connect all
the major sectors of the city like the health care,
insurance, transport, energy sources. This will help
the management of the sectors to proper analyses
the data of a person. Thus it can be said that in the
recent future with the help of the smart cities
concept the living conditions in a city will increase
to a significant amount.

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