IoT Smart City: Evaluating the Role of IoT in Smart Cities

IOT SMART CITY
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Abstract:
Internet of Things (IoT) since its inception has acted as the source for the change of technological advancement. First coined in
the year 1999 by Kevin Aston (Executive Director, Auto-Id Labs) at the MIT, IoT is potentially, the most significant factor of
the Smart Cities. Hence, the deemed report will attempt at evaluating the role of the subject in the smart cities. Evaluation of the
subject will include the advantages, potential threats and capabilities in the smart cities. The potential threats will mostly consist
of the cyber attacks which may include security and privacy concerns along with the isolation from the smart advantage in the
case; the server is compromised.
The report will share a brief insight of the IoT and the smart cities to develop an idea for understanding. Followed by
the reviewing of the research work that has been assessed in the past over the subject of the topic. Reviewing the literature will
enable the author to develop an enhanced knowledge of the subject along with analysing the challenges and threats that are
associated with the IoT and the smart city together. Ethical issues will be avoided by citing appropriate referencing of the data
collected, and even manipulation of the data will be avoided. The reviewed literature will also assist in doing a comparative
analysis of various factors such as the cost, feasibility, time, commercialisation and others. Additionally, of all the reviewed
methodology, the most suitable methodology will be selected to pursue the objective of the proposed report.
The problem statement for the proposed work will be the security and the privacy concerns that are associated with the
IoT. Additionally, abrupt interruption of necessary chores that may be caused due to the failure of the servers will also be taken
into account. Finally, after analysing the collected data for the proposed research and analysing the problems associated,
appropriate recommendations will be offered to minimise the threats. The author will even attempt at offering recommendations
to enhance the compatibility of the IoT and the smart cities. Hence, in conclusion, it can be stated that the proposed research
will discuss the problems and challenges that are associated with the subject and will attempt at offering potential solutions.
However, the capabilities and benefits offered by the subject will also be included in the paper, to assist the readers in deciding
the role of the Internet of Things in the smart cities.
KEYWORDS:
IoT, smart cities, security concerns, privacy, cyber-attacks
(IOT SMART CITY)
1. INTRODUCTION
Smart City has emerged as the new preference for the
residents, and it rightfully deserves the preference. The
operation of the deemed city is based on the live data
collected from different sources (sensors) and analyses to
forecast variations along with altering the behaviour in
accordance with the changing data patterns. The considered
city offers a fantastic destination to live and other multiple
benefits. The reason for such smartness and offered benefits of
the city are because of the technology is known as IoT. IoT
collects the required information required for the discussed
smartness of the technology and feeds in the fundamental
structural blocks of the smart city to make it smart. The data
collected through the sensors are the energy usage, flow of the
traffic, parking lots, water levels and others are sent directly to
the monitor & control centre of the city.
IoT and the smart city together offers such enormous
benefits. However, it also offers threats to the consumers
(residents of the smart city). The threats related to the cyber-
attacks, security and privacy are primary. Additionally, the
chaos within the city as a result of server failure is another
threat which cannot be ignored and hence needs to be taken
into consideration. The devised paper will attempt at
evaluating the threats and identify potential solutions to
counter the threats. Hence, to achieve the discussed objectives
and goals of the paper, an insight of the past scholarly work
will be collected by reviewing the work and in-process
identifying the methodology suitable for achieving the goals.
The identified methodologies will be cited with appropriate
referencing and justification will be offered on the selection of
the selected methodology. Followed by organising the finding
in suitable structure and concluding the paper.
2. BACKGROUND/LITERATURE REVIEW
IoT based Smart City Framework:
According to Theodoridis, Mylonas &
Chatzigiannakis, (2013), the research efforts of the last decade
had been devoted to the technological development of the IoT
domain that targets smart cities. Hence, the authors attempted
at evaluating technological challenges, key findings along
with socioeconomic opportunities associated with the smart
cities. The objectives of the paper have been achieved through
the data collected from the SmartSantander Project that the
European Union (EU) was developing for “a city-scale testbed
for IoT and Future Internet experimentation providing an
integrated framework for implementing Smart City services”.
The reviewed article is a well-practised paper and has offered
many vital points which will be vital in assisting of the
proposed paper.
Implementation model of IoT based Smart City:
Byun et al., (2016) has offered a potential business
model of implementing IoT in the Smart City to earn
sustainability and commercial benefits in the reviewed article.
The authors claim that though there are many articles on the
IoT based Smart City very few of them has taken
consideration of IoT based business model. Through the
paper, the authors are attempting at proposing the government
and private builders to adopted their proposed business model.

The discussed report has discussed its objective, however, is
very brief to attain enough attention from the government or
private builders to adopt their business model in the real
world.
Smart City Applications based on IoT:
Gaur et al., (2015) in the reviewed paper has
attempted at discussing the significant role that the IoT is and
can play in the smart city. The focus of paper has mostly been
kept on the wireless sensor network (IoT) and how it has been
changing the city and how major impact it can have on the
subject. The objectives have been achieved by using the
Dempster-Shafer theory and the Schematic model. The
reviewed article seems knowledgeable for the readers and can
inspire present-day researchers and scholars to add new
articles to the list of literary work relevant to the subjects.
Sustainable Smart City IoT application:
Kyriazis et al., (2013) in the reviewed article have
focused their discussion on the smart innovative ways in
which the IoT in Smart City is assisting the environment. The
first being reduction of energy consumption and the second
being controlling the public transport through traffic and
environmental sensors. The paper has stated some useful fact,
however, offers little practicality which can be stated as the
only disadvantage of the reviewed paper.
Waste collection of IoT based Smart City:
Anagnostopoulos et al., (2015) in the reviewed
article aimed at motivating people to adopted the dynamic
waste collection structure of the IoT based smart city. The
purpose of the paper has been achieved by citing the evidence
of real and synthetic data of St. Petersburg, Russia where the
talked about model is equipped. The paper has achieved the
objective by citing references from the literary work over
traditional waste collection in the past and primary data of IoT
based Smart city as stated earlier. In conclusion, it can be
stated that the reviewed article has stayed true to its objective
and have even left openings for future research work.
CoT based Smart City:
According to Petrolo, Loscri, & Mitton, (2014), CoT
(Cloud of Things) is a combination of IoT and cloud
computing which offers the capability of further enhancing the
automated capabilities of the smart cities. The reviewed article
has evaluated the impact of associating IoT of a smart city
with the cloud to measure its benefits and determine the
challenges it may offer after the association. To conclude the
reviewed article, the authors have offered a CoT based
platform for the smart city and discussed the challenges along
with the potential remedies for them. The reviewed article
offers a new approach to the Cloud based IoT smart city
which can be of great assistance for future development in the
deemed sector.
IoT: Vision, elements and directions:
Gubbi et al., (2013) has focused on the IoT, its
characteristics and the future direction it will pave for the
technological advancement of the humans in a smart
environment. The intention of the authors in the reviewed
article was to offer “a cloud-centric vision for worldwide
implementation of Internet of Things.”. The paper has not
offered any new ideas regarding IoT or smart or clouds,
however, have done an in-depth analysis of the potential
results that may arise if all of the above-discussed systems are
integrated as one. The vision offered by the authors have
paved way for further researches in the discussed field and is
of high significance.
Car parking in the smart city: An IoT application:
Ji et al., (2014), has offered insight in one of the
IoT’s applications in the smart city. Evaluating the reviewed
article will enable the author of the proposed paper to earn a
brief view of the role of IoT in the smart city. The authors
claim that the system proposed in the reviewed article will
offer “‘best’ car parking service experience to mobile users,
following the Always Best Connected and best Served
(ABC&S) paradigm.”. The reviewed article is very vital for
those who are deeply interested in the automobile automation,
and IoT as the article offers a deep understanding of its
objectives. The only demerit that can be associated with the
paper is that it is not devised for a global audience but has
been limited to the audience with the technical background.
Integration of IoT with OpenStack:
Merlino et al., (2014), has attempted at integrating
the OpenStack with the IoT taking the Smart city as the
platform. The authors have adopted a practical approach to
attain the objective of the paper and in the process identified
certain limitations to the coupling process. The authors have
even cited the limitation of the paper which is the real-world
implementation of the derived system. The reviewed article
has achieved a practical approach and has paved the way for
further advancement in the field of IoT. Evaluating the
reviewed article has offered the author of the proposed paper
an idea of the extended benefits that IoT can offer in the Smart
City environment which will be of great assistance in pursuing
the proposed paper.
Experiment of IoT on a Smart City Testbed:
Sanchez et al., (2014) in the reviewed paper, has
offered insight into the Santander City developed by the EU to
deploy and experiment the impact of IoT can cite on a smart
city. The paper has presented the results of the findings from
the discussed project and had concluded over the same. The
talked about paper will be of great significance to evaluate the
impact, privacy and security concerns of IoT in the smart city
as the reviewed article offers findings from an experiment of
IoT in the smart city. In simple words, it will offer a suitable
platform to proceed with the proposed report.
3. SOLUTIONS/ FINDINGS/ Recommendations
Reviewing of the articles assisted in the
understanding of the security and privacy challenges
offered by the IoT based Smart City. However, some
suitable methodologies were also recommended in
the article that can be of great assistance in changing
the course of security flaws in the subject. The
identified methodologies have been listed as follows:
RERUM:
The discussed system is a framework that takes
consideration of the security and privacy in the
design and development phase of the IoT based smart