Issues in Sociological Theory

This study delves into the sociological issues surrounding gender, race, and globalization. It examines the impact of societal norms and discrimination on individuals and communities. The case studies highlight the challenges faced in terms of gender inequality, racism, and the effects of globalization.

ISSUES IN
SOCIOLOGICAL
THEORY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................1
GENDER AND SOCIETY: ..................................................................................................1
RACE AND RACISM...........................................................................................................2
GLOBALISATION AND COLONIALISM..........................................................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCE ..................................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION
The sociological theory defined as the social theory which is generally drive the people
which is being social, who create the communities and colony with their specific norms and
morals. There are various people believe in setting of sociological aspect. This help him to define
the what they are actually, sociological theory make a perception like same kind, gender, race,
globalisation, etc. (Brossard, B., 2017). which all aspect are created through the sociological
culture. Sometime, this culture create the chaos in society when the norms or moral are broken
by anyone. As per the context, Harriet and Saidiya Hartman case show some marks of
sociological issue, the conflict is generally arise between the two people in phrase of gender,
equality and many more, where Harriet claims that women are situated as dependents and this
help to degrade status of women leading to a life spent in infamy and on this Martineau is also
arguing about the purity that should define the marriage but condition don't allow for that where
purity exist, there are many an major of topic on which the case study gone. On this, with the
help of case study, gender and society is being covered by case Martineau, Gilman and Hartman.
The case of race and racism by Hartman, Du bois and globalization and colonialism.
MAIN BODY
GENDER AND SOCIETY:
gender is a social concept which help to refers the social and cultural difference a society
assign to people based on their gender aspect. The role of gender, refers to the society
expectation of people behaviours and attitude based on whether they are female and male.
Society created many of term about the female that they are week and not supposed to fight with
anyone. The norms and rule of the society is always braked by many of female, apart from this
the gender and society is a social construction for discrimination (Iacono and et. al., 2016). Lets
think on this and behave as female and male is not etched in stone by our biology but rather is a
result of how society expects us to think and behave based on what sex we are. When we grows
up then we learn these expectation as we develop our gender identity, whether society believes in
the gender and after a time it just a word, and thus this create some sociological issue regards
with the gender in interface with society. These issue which create the dilemma in the
sociological behaviour called the femininity and masculinity. Where as per the context of
sociological theory, femininity refers to the cultural expectation we have of girls and women
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while the masculinity refers to the expectation we have boys and men (King, R.D. and Johnson,
B.D., 2016). As per the above case study,Harriet claim about the life across the marriage culture
which must be degrade the dependency of women. Martineau is arguing that this marriage
culture have some purity which condition don't follow the purity to exist. Where the gender
relation and the marriage is a just contract are central to normative regulation of population, this
line indicate the gender discrimination and marriage rituals are the plane of time to making new
generation. As per the Martineau, marriage is symbols of purity so what need of population
enhancement in this part. Where the Harriet, just put the arguments in marriage culture which
followed by new space of theme about population and new index of heterosexual bond. Which
lead to follow as per norms of society, where male and female is just go for marriage. As per the
society, have created a civilization pattern and after breaking these rules the sociological issue
are generated (Lechner, L., 2016).
RACE AND RACISM
Race is defined as the a social construct that manually divide the people into distinct
group based on their certain characteristics such as physical appearance , loose and heritage and
they are discriminate on the basis of culture, ethnic classification. Where the racism defined as
the systemic subordination of member of targeted group or racial group on which the conflict
game were played. In united state the black and white American racism were going in very large
scale which create the sociological issue. In Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon examines the
psychological effects of colonialism on colonized people. Colonial power, as we will see
throughout this chapter, depends upon broad racial distinctions between white, European “races”
and other “uncivilized,” “primitive” races. For Fanon, the distinction is both symbolic and
emotional. For example, Fanon says that in French colonial society, the black man was a
“phobogenic object” (page no. 693). As per the above case study, black women and Saidiya
Hartman build in their document detailing the supposed criminality of black women and the
police cases and social worker are attached which all details show the black women is not
ethically correct in being in any society because a racism of lesson has been placed into the black
women (Scambler and Scambler 2019). The same pattern is followed with any other one don't be
go with the big issue but black women is target race and they always faced this racism even they
cant raise his hand for the equal justice due to the society interference. The official record spoken
up like black women don't get to speak for themselves, rather they are spoken about what,
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Hartman describe these black women that they have their discipline to to face the problem after
word its create the sociological issues in the chapter of next generation. In Black Skin, White
Masks, Fanon provided a phenomenological and existential analysis of the effects of colonial
racism. In The Wretched of the Earth, he shifts focus. Like Black Skin, White Masks, The
Wretched of the Earth describes colonial racism and its psychological effects. However, The
Wretched of the Earth also provides a large-scale dialectical account of the rise of anticolonial
movements and anticolonial consciousness. For this focus, The Wretched of the Earth has been
referred to as “the Bible of decolonisation”( page no. 695).
GLOBALISATION AND COLONIALISM
the spread of worldwide practise, relations, consciousness and organisation of social life.
Nearly in every nation and the life of many of billions of people through the world being
transforms, often quite dramatically, by globalisation (Solomon and et. al., 2019). The degree of
significance and their affect almost everywhere one looks, most visibly in the higher level of
companies. The globalisation is tends to do like create a humanity base for all the human being.
And the colonialism defines the society of some people which they believe in same moral and
same norms of life. Globalization theory also emerged as a result of a series of developments
internal to social theory, notably the reaction against earlier perspectives such as modernization
theory (page no. 729).
CONCLUSION
as per the above discussion, sociological theories are always facing issue in context with
many case study. As per the above case study, the people facing some kind of gender inequality
when they oppose the social values, the racism and race defined the issue and globalisation tends
into colonialism of some, same kind of people.
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REFERENCE
Books and Journals
Brossard, B., 2017. Reactions to discredit in memory consultation: A sociological perspective to
cognitive assessment in the elderly. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 46(1),
pp.30-50.
Iacono and et. al., 2016. Skype as a tool for qualitative research interviews. Sociological
Research Online, 21(2), pp.1-12.
King, R.D. and Johnson, B.D., 2016. A punishing look: Skin tone and Afrocentric features in the
halls of justice. American Journal of Sociology, 122(1), pp.90-124.
Lechner, L., 2016. The domestic battle over the design of non-trade issues in preferential trade
agreements. Review of International Political Economy, 23(5), pp.840-871.
Scambler, S. and Scambler, G., 2019. Marx, financial capitalism and the fractured society: Using
Bhaskar’s dialectical critical realism to frame a transformatory sociological programme
of action for resistance and change. Journal of Classical Sociology, 19(1), pp.43-58.
Solomon and et. al., 2019. Understanding the psycho-sociological facets of homophily in social
network communities. IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 14(2), pp.28-40.
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