Tourism and Hospitality Management

This assignment explores key aspects of Tourism and Hospitality Management. It examines Public Relations strategies for the industry, reviews concepts related to innovation and its role in tourism development, analyzes marketing techniques specific to travel and tourism, and investigates the impact of intangible cultural heritage on sustainable tourism practices.

Tourism in the
Developing World
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Improper infrastructure................................................................................................................4
Environmental Issues...................................................................................................................5
Security and crime.......................................................................................................................6
Economic.....................................................................................................................................7
Natural Disaster...........................................................................................................................7
Discussion about dilemmas and issues........................................................................................8
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................10
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................10
Recommendation.......................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1Tourism in Bhutan..............................................................................................................4
Figure 2Tourism activities in Bhutan..............................................................................................6
Figure 3Tourist origins....................................................................................................................7
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INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism industry is considered as one of the major industry within the global
market that is increasing at the pace and often results in contributing to the economy. However,
there are different components within the travel and tourism sector which are tour operator,
accommodation, hospitality organization, and airlines etc. Sustainable tourism is considered as a
concept of visiting a destination as a tourist and creates a positive impact on the diverse aspects
such as economy, society and environment. Insensitive tourism is a concept in which tourism
activities has negative impact on the economy, society and environmental values of destination.
By having an improved focus on the present learning the issues in context to tourism sector can
be overcome.
Angola is a Southern Africa nation and it encompasses the tropical Atlantic beaches. It is
considered as seventh largest country in the Africa and has great opportunities in tourism. It has
been noticed that there are number of historical destinations which attract more and more
travellers.Museum of armed forces and museum of slavery are the best examples that attract
visitors. According to analysis, it can be said that promotion of dark tourism within nation is
sustainable because it attracts number of travellers. Armed museum provides an experience of
war. Open safari in jungle of Quicama National Park is also the best option which helps in
promotion of dark tourism. Butan is a developing nation which is officially considered as
Buddhist Kingdom. It is located in the South Asia which attracts number of travellers which
provide sustainable opportunities to the nation. Butan is referred environment friendly nation and
there are number of destinations which present natural beauty among travellers.According to
appropriate analysis of the diverse environmental and social aspects, it can be said that eco
tourism is one of key aspect which may provide sustainable opportunities to the nation. As nation
is located on the Himalayas eastern edge which also reflects the mountains and valleys. Eco
tourism will provide better appreciation of the natural resources such as landscapes, mountains,
valleys, etc. Safari tours can also be organised by the government and tourism department in
order to promote the eco tourism.
TASK 2 ISSUES IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
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In addition to this, Dale, (2005) has said that there are number of issues which might
impact the overall outcome of the tourism development. It has been noticed that issue in regard
to security is one of critical aspect. Bhutan country having high cultural values and the tourists
are attracted toward the country to experience its cultural environment. According to a recent
study, the country is facing huge security issues. It has been noticed that overall outcome in
regard to the development can be overcome effectively (Dale, 2005). Deuschi, (2006) has said
that Issues with the China is also a critical aspect which impact the overall development of
tourism activities within Bhutan. Moreover, the safety and security at the border is also a critical
and significant which need to be referred effectively. Such kind of aspects create a fear
environment and feeling among travellers. It may influence the effectiveness of overall outcome.
Improper infrastructure
Dale, (2005) has asserted that improper infrastructure facilities is also a significant aspect
which influences the tourism development in diverse manner. In Bhutan and Angola, the
infrastructure facilities are not proper which does not attract more travellers because it creates
issues in respect to travelling activities. In order to overcome such issue, the infrastructure
facilities need to be improved so that goals and objectives can be accomplished in desired
manner (Deuschi, 2006). If transportation facilities within destination is not appropriate then
experience of travellers will be negative. It might impact the overall outcome in diverse manner.
It has been witnessed that lack of transportation facilities reduces the satisfaction level of
travellers. It is not appropriate for sustainable development so government need to consider it in
desired way.
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Figure 1Tourism in Bhutan
(Source: Trading economics, 2015.)
Environmental Issues
George, (2010) has contended that, key aspect of sustainable tourism in the Bhutan is
preservation of environmental values. It has been noticed that if travellers are not aware about
key standards and they are harming the environment then it will impact the overall outcome in
diverse manner. It has been noticed that such kind of aspect may impact the sustainable
development in diverse manner. For effective development of sustainable tourism the standards
need to be set out (George, 2010). Through application of standards the issue can be resolved in
appropriate manner so that goals and objectives can be accomplished in desired manner. If
environmental values in Bhutan are not well maintained then overall outcome might get affected
effectively. Giudici and et. al., (2012) has referred that tourism promotion can not be considered
in appropriate manner. Changes in social structure is also critical aspect which might impact the
overall outcome in diverse manner (Giudici and et. al., 2012). For example, people of Bhutan has
started focus on development of modern buildings that impacts the historical values. It will
impact the morale of travellers in negative manner because the tourism activities effectiveness is
greatly dependent upon cultural values of Bhutan. It indicates that changes in community
perception and social structure has great impact on the development of tourism activities. Along
with this, many travellers visit to Bhutan and Angola to experience the traditional lifestyles
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(Howes, Scarpaci and Parsons, 2012). If such kind of values are not according to the standards
then it will impact the travellers' satisfaction level. In addition to this, Howes, Scarpaci and
Parsons, (2012) has said that management must focus on diverse standards so that traditional
and cultural values are being well maintained so that goals and objectives can be accomplished
effectively.
Security and crime
In addition to this, Angola is an African nation and it is one of critical task to ensure
about security. Terrorism and drugs promotion is also a critical aspect which impact overall
outcome. Such kind of aspect influences the overall values and decreases the level of morale
among travellers. Hudson, (2008) has contended that, it also decreases the tourism development
and creates employment issue. It will also impact the social development of community so it is
significant to make sure about key aspects so that issue can be resolved in appropriate manner
(Hudson, 2008). The technology is getting advanced every day and thus, Angola also has to bring
technological aspect in order to avoid unfortunate circumstances. It has been noticed by Hjalager,
(2010) that criminal activities within nation is high because of inappropriate monitoring system
and lack of use of technological tools (Hjalager, 2010). In addition to this, it can be said that by
having an improved focus on the advanced technology the issues can be resolved. CCTV and
security check system are key values which impact the overall outcome. By having effective
application of such values the issue can be overcome in desired manner.
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Figure 2Tourism activities in Bhutan
(Source: Raonline, 2013.)
Economic
Jayawardena and et.al., (2013) has asserted that, issue in regard to the economic values is
also critical aspect and it may impact the overall outcome. If economic condition is not
appropriate then it will influence the income level of local citizens. Along with this, travellers
can also face issue in respect to currency exchange which might affect the overall development
process effectively. If hotels and other institutions are facing issue of skilled workforce then
overall effectiveness might get affected. Thus, this will place a negative impact on the minds of
visitor and the reduction of the grace of this place will get start. Along with this, environmental
issue may promote the global warming which might affect the overall outcome in diverse manner
(Jayawardena and et.al., 2013).
Natural Disaster
Natural disaster is also one of critical aspect which might also impact the overall
outcome. It has been noticed that earthquake and landslide is one of key issue in Bhutan. Lew,
(2011) contended that it impacts the overall outcome in diverse manner so government must
ensure about it. Tourists never want to take risk with their life and mainly avoid visiting these
kinds of places. It has been witnessed that if natural disaster is there then it will impact the
motivation in diverse manner. Other than this, new hotel has been established in the Bhutan but
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the earthquake issue has occurred. It has destroyed the hotel construction which also increases
the cost of firm. It impacts the development of tourism activities in negative manner which also
impact the goal and objectives (Lew, 2011).
Figure 3Tourist origins
(Source: Raonline, 2013.)
Discussion about dilemmas and issues
Matz, (2008) stated that environmental issue is one of critical aspect which might affect
the development so by creating a better awareness about the issue the better protection can be
offered to development. It assists in improving environmental values so that more and more
tourist can be attracted. It helps in sustainable improvement and boost success of tourism sector.
It will also benefit the society in diverse manner so that lifestyle can be advanced in appropriate
manner (Matz, 2008). Along with this, environmentally awareness about the terrorism activities
protection need to be promoted. Along with this, national security measures can also be
improved in desired manner which will also benefit society as well as travellers.
According to Dale (2005), it can be said that Angola is very small nation and level of
lifestyle of community is very poor. It means the people are not much aware about the key
standards and tourism activities. Creating a better awareness among local community is one
critical aspect which might impact the overall tourism development. It has been noticed that level
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of literacy within nation is very low which creates hurdles. In order to overcome such kind of
issue the diverse education programs need to be introduced so that better awareness can be
created. Along with this, organising diverse dark tourism activities near jungle of Angola with
local community support is also great opportunity for the sector. George (2010) has contended
that poor communities in Bhutan are more focused towards handicraft items. It means near
tourist places the shops can be established to promote the business of handicraft items and
improve the tourism opportunities. In addition to this, it can be said that key issue is that
attaining a better support from the local community is critical issue. It is because people percept
that tourism development may influence original historical and cultural values. In order to
development the tourism activities the high ratio of finance is required. Being a developing
nation the Bhutan and Angola may face critical issue. It means if financial aspects are not
appropriate then overall development will also be affected in negative manner.
Jayawardena and et.al., (2013) has contended that it is one of critical issue for Bhutan to
maintain the legacy of conservation. It has been noticed that Bhutan is democratic nation so it is
necessary for tourism sector to employ the development activities according to community
aspects. Most of land of Bhutan is covered with forest so preservation of land is one of
significant aspect. If natural resources at Bhutan are not preserved then overall outcome in
context to eco-tourism will be negative. In addition to this, it can be said that wrong type of
tourism section may affect the sustainable development of Bhutan.
Lew, 2(011) has argued that effective selection of tourism activity is significant so that
goals and objectives can be accomplished in desired manner. It means the governance can focus
on eco-tourism for sustainable development. Employment opportunities from ecotourism could
bring long-term livelihoods for rural communities, improving standards of living all over. One of
critical issue in tourism development is inadequate standards in transportation services. It has
been noticed that number of travelers are facing issue in Bhutan due to inadequate transportation.
It impacts the satisfaction level among travelers and impact the overall outcome in negative
manner. Dale (2005), has contended that unskilled employees is also one of critical issue which
might affect the tourism development in diverse manner. It has been noticed that by having an
appropriate designing of guidelines the issues can be overcome and sustainable tourism can be
offered.
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In addition to this, it can be said that unbalance between physical and psychological
aspects is also one of critical issue. It impact the sustainable development of tourism activities.
According to author, it can be said that overall working of tourism sector is affected if proper
support is not being provided by community. If community offer appropriate support to the
tourism activities then it will provide opportunity to make sure that standards are properly
maintained. Social –cultural issues also impact the effectiveness of tourism development aspect
so governance need to ensure about in appropriate manner.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
As per the above study, it can be concluded that there are number of issues which
might impact the overall outcome of the tourism development. It has been noticed that issue in
regard to security is one of critical aspect. Bhutan country having high cultural values and the
tourists are attracted toward the country to experience its cultural environment. Moreover, the
safety and security at the border is also a critical and significant which need to be referred
effectively. Such kind of aspects create a fear environment and feeling among travellers. It may
influence the effectiveness of overall outcome. Creating a better awareness among local
community is one critical aspect which might impact the overall tourism development. It has
been noticed that level of literacy within nation is very low which creates hurdles. In order to
overcome such kind of issue the diverse education programs need to be introduced so that better
awareness can be created. Along with this, organising diverse dark tourism activities near jungle
of Angola with local community support is also great opportunity for the sector.
Issues with the China is also a critical aspect which impact the overall development of
tourism activities within Bhutan. If transportation facilities within destination is not appropriate
then experience of travellers will be negative. It might impact the overall outcome in diverse
manner. It has been witnessed that lack of transportation facilities reduces the satisfaction level
of travellers. It is not appropriate for sustainable development so government need to consider it
in desired way. Changes in social structure is also critical aspect which might impact the overall
outcome in diverse manner. It will impact the morale of travellers in negative manner because
the tourism activities effectiveness is greatly dependent upon cultural values of Bhutan. It has
been witnessed that if natural disaster is there then it will impact the motivation in diverse
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manner. Other than this, new hotel has been established in the Bhutan but the earthquake issue
has occurred. It has destroyed the hotel construction which also increases the cost of firm.
Recommendation
On the basis of above analysis, it can be said that to overcome the issue of insensitive
tourism the proper analysis of destination is required. Actual information about diverse aspects
like finance, economy, infrastructure, etc is required so that better decision can be taken into
account to overcome issue. Involvement of travelers and local community need to be improved
so that key trends can also be consider in appropriate manner. By having actual information
about the diverse values and principles of sustainable tourism the issue can be resolved. In order
to overcome such issue the infrastructure facilities need to be improved so that goals and
objectives can be accomplished in desired manner. For effective development of sustainable
tourism the standards need to be set out. Through application of standards the issue can be
resolved in appropriate manner so that goals and objectives can be accomplished in desired
manner.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Dale, G., 2005. BTEC National Travel and Tourism. Heinemann.
Deuschi, E. D., 2006. Travel and Tourism Public Relations: An Introductory Guide for
Hospitality Managers. Routledge.
George, W. E., 2010. Intangible cultural heritage, ownership, copyrights, and tourism.
International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research. 4(4). pp.376–388.
Giudici, E. and et. al., 2013. Is intangible cultural heritage able to promote sustainability in
tourism? International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences. 5(1). pp.101–114.
Harrison, D., 2006. Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism (3rd edition). Reference Reviews,
20(3). pp.52 – 52.
Hjalager, A. M., 2010. A review of innovation research in tourism. Tourism management. 31(1).
pp.1-12.
Howes, L., Scarpaci, C. and Parsons, E. C. M., 2012. Ineffectiveness of a marine sanctuary zone
to protect burrunan dolphins (Tursiops australis sp. nov.) from commercial tourism in Port
Phillip Bay, Australia. Journal of Ecotourism. 11(3). pp.188-201.
Hudson, S., 2008. Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: A Global Perspective. SAGE.
Jayawardena, C., and et.al., 2013. Challenges and innovations in hotel operations in Canada.
Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes. 5(2). pp.177 – 189.
Lew, A. A., 2011. Tourism's role in the global economy. Tourism Geographies. 13(1). pp.148-
151.
Matz, S., 2008. Tourism marketing: Concept for event-tourism in Edinburgh. GRIN Verlag.
Middleton, V.T., Fyall, A., Morgan, M. and Ranchhod, A., 2009. Marketing in travel and
tourism. Routledge.
Online
Tourism Alliances. n.d. [Pdf]. Available through:
<http://www.tourismalliance.com/downloads/TA_369_395.pdf>. [Accessed on 20th
December 2016].
Travel. 2015. [Online]. Available through <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/>.
[Accessed on 20th December 2016].
Tradeeconomics. 2015. [Online]. Available through
<http://www.tradingeconomics.com/bhutan/unemployment-rate>. [Accessed on 20th
December 2016].
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