Issue of Cancer Research Paper 2022

Running head: ISSUES OF CANCER 1
Issues of Cancer
Name
Institution

ISSUES OF CANCER 2
ISSUES OF CANCER
Introduction
Cancer refers to the name given to a group of related disease. It represents a collection of
more than one hundred different diseases (Kalluri, 2016). It can develop nearly everywhere in
the human's body. Some kinds of cancer cause rapid growth of the cell, whereas other types of
cancer cause cells to divide and grow at a slower rate. The word cancer comes from a Greek
Physician known as Hippocrates. Hippocrates made use of the Greek words Carcinoma and
Carcinos to define tumors, hence calling cancer Karakinos (Yamashita et al. 2018). However,
Hippocrates may have discovered the disease; he was not the first person to identify Cancer. This
is because the actual history of the disease starts much earlier. This paper shall describe the
approach to care for the disease known as cancer. It shall also illustrate the diagnosis as well as
staging for cancer. This paper shall also address some of the complications associated with
cancer. The side effects of the treatment will also be discussed in this paper. This paper also
addresses methods to reduce psychological and physical effects. Lastly, this paper discusses
other issues linked to cancer.
Diagnosis As well as staging
Staging defines the harshness of the cancer of an individual based on extensive and size
of the tumor. It also explains whether the disease has distributed to other parts of the body of an
individual. Staging depends on the knowledge of the method of progresses of cancer (Jayasekara
et al. 2018). Cells of cancer divide and grow without order or control, and the cells failed to die,
especially when the cells are supposed to die. Because of that, they usually create a protective
tissue known as a tumor. The growth of this tumor may attack nearby organs as well as tissues.
Cells of cancer may also burst from a tumor and come in the bloodstream. By travelling through

ISSUES OF CANCER 3
the blood, cancer cells may spread to primary sites, lymph nodes, and different organs of the
body, where the cells may create fresh tumors (Ayuso et al. 2018). Metastasis is the name given
to the spread of cancer.
Cancer’s stage remains can be used for the purpose of planning for treatment as well as
forecast the chances of an individual’s recovery. The cancer’s stage is determined by 3 factors:
1) size as well as the tumor’s growth, 2) whether the disease has distributed to other lymph
nodes, 3) whether cancer has distributed to different body’s parts. Other factors, for example,
tumor genes, grade, tumor indicators, can aid in defining the disease clearly. Staging remains a
method of illustrating where the disease remains situated. Many Doctor often uses tests of
diagnostic to discover cancer's stage; therefore, staging cannot be fully complete without the
completion of all the available tests.
According to the American Joint committee on cancer, one of the tools that most
clinicians use to define stages of cancer is known as TNM system. This system looks at 3
elements: the first one is location as well as size of the tumor. The second one is whether the
cells of the disease have distributed to the lymph nodes situated close to the tumor, 3) whether
cancer has distributed to all the body’s parts. The outcomes remain then add to find out the
actual cancer’s stage.
Stage 0 remains applied to define cancer in situ. This stage is still found in a single place;
the cells have not attacked adjacent tissues (Brabletz, Kalluri, Nieto & Weinberg, 2018). Stage 0
often remains extremely curable, typically by eliminating the disease with surgery. The next
stage which is stage 1 generally remains a small tumor or cancer that has not distributed to the
lymph nodes and different parts of the human body. This atage remains often referred to as early-
stage cancer (Siegel, Miller & Jemal, 2019). The next stages are stage 2 and stage 3 they