IT Networking Designing: A Case Study of Vodafone

Running head: IT NETWORKING DESIGNING
IT NETWORKING DESIGNING: A Case Study of Vodafone
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

IT NETWORKING DESIGNING1
Table of Contents
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................2
Part a:...........................................................................................................................................2
Part b:...........................................................................................................................................7
Task 3:.............................................................................................................................................8
Part b:...........................................................................................................................................8
Task 4:...........................................................................................................................................13
Part (a):......................................................................................................................................13
Part (b).......................................................................................................................................18
Task 5:...........................................................................................................................................20
Part (a).......................................................................................................................................20
Part (b).......................................................................................................................................22
References:....................................................................................................................................24

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Task 2
Part a:
Broadcast storming happens whenever the network system of an organization is
overwhelmed by simultaneous broadcast traffic or multicasting. Basically the broadcast storming
occurs when various nodes send or transmit data in a network link and at the same time when the
other networking devices rebroadcast information back to network. It is also called as network
storm. It can appear for other reasons also like low port level switches, poor technology, poor
network configurations and so on. This can decrease the efficiency of the computer networks. In
this case, a broadcast storming can be occurred by use of cheap devices, poor monitoring of
network, poor network management. In this case the following three factors will be an important
factor in the creation of the broadcast storming (Sharma, Kumar & Rathore, 2015).
 Redundancy: In fig 1(a) the following network takes two broadcast for white node to
transmit a message but to reduce the redundancy four transmission will be transmitted. In
case of fig 1(b) only two transmissions are required to complete the full broadcasting
method. Thus, the rebroadcast criteria should be implemented in Vodafone with caution
keeping the cost in mind.
Figure 1: (a) and (b)

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(Source: Sharma, Kumar, & Rathore, 2015)
Let consider two scenarios in Vodafone networking design, in fig 2
host A transmits a message and at the same time host B rebroadcast the sent message. Let
consider SA and SB be the two circle areas that are covered by A and B transmission
respectively and the area that will be benefited by the rebroadcast of B is shaded region
and is represented by SB-A. “r” is the radii of SB and SA. Thus, the distance d between A
and B can be derived as |S B-A| = |SB|
- |SA∩B| = πr2 INTC(d). INTC (d) is intersection area of two circles.
Figure 2: Study of the benefits of the extra area by rebroadcasting
(Source: Sharma, Kumar & Rathore, 2015)
 Contention: This can be an important factor for Vodafone in regard to the broadcast
storming. Let a host X broadcast a message and it is read by n different nodes. When
these n nodes attempt to retransmit the message, contention happens. For instance let n=2
and host Y and Z are two receiving host. Y randomly identify at X’s broadcast range. In
order to Z to contend with Y it should be located in |SA∩B|. Thus the probability of
contention is |SA∩B| / πr2. The contention increases as n increases as they are directly

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proportional to each other (Marcum & Higgins, 2014). The area is also directly related to
the contention. Thus, it is recommended to Vodafone to implement contention free hosts.
Figure 3: Contention Analysis
(Source: Sharma, Kumar & Rathore, 2015)
 Collision: In MANET, there is no access point or base station. The CSMA/CA criteria
needs host to initiate a back-off method just after host broadcast a message. A back off is
operated by setting an integer that is randomly taken from the current back off panel.
When a host identifies null channel activity in the past slot then the respective counter is
lowered by 1. When this counter become 0 the back off operation or the procedure is said
to be completed. In case Vodafone the collision should be mitigated to its zero level
(Hendler & Mulvehill, 2016).
The network management system is defined as the OAMP (Operations, Administration,
Maintenance and Provisioning) of the Network and Services. It ensures that users of the

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respective network receives or achieves the IT services with QoS (Quality of Service). Vodafone
should implement a better network management system which involves strategic as well as
tactical planning of the operation, maintenance and engineering of the network devices for
current and future business operations (Kayastha et al., 2014). The protocols in the network
management addresses the series of various operations that are focused on the network for the
optimal performance. The network manage protocols are of two types SNMP (Simple Control
Message Protocol) and ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol).
SNMP is the application layer protocol which facilitates the transmission and receive of
the management data in the network apparatus. It is the part of TCP\IP protocol suite. SNMP are
of two versions SNMPv1 and SNMPv2. Both are similar to each other but the SNMPv2 consist
more enhancements than SNMPv1 like more protocol operations. SNMP consists of three main
components or elements in the network- managed devices, network management devices and
agents. The managed apparatus is the network node which comprises of SNMP agent. It
accumulates and stores the management information and make them available for the NMS’s.
Routers, switches, bridges, access servers, printers, computer hosts or hubs are considered to be
managed devices. The agent is the network management software model which resides in the
managed device. It contains a local knowledge of the management data and translates the data in
compatible form (Haleplidis et al., 2014). An NMS operates various applications which handle
the managed devices. It provides bulk of processing as well as memory resources needed for the
network management.