Job Nature as an impact of technological changes

This dissertation explores the impact of technological changes on job nature and the emergence of new career paths in the digital era. It analyzes the opportunities and threats in the digital era and discusses the impact of artificial intelligence on work and jobs. The different career paths in the digital era are also discussed in detail.

Job Nature as an impact of technological changes
Dissertation Chapter - Introduction

Table of Contents
Title: Job Nature as an impact of technological changes.................................................................3
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Rationale..........................................................................................................................................4
Research Aim...................................................................................................................................4
Research Objectives.........................................................................................................................4
Research Question...........................................................................................................................4
Dissertation Outline ........................................................................................................................5
Chapter 1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................5
Chapter 2 Literature review ...................................................................................................5
Chapter 3 Methodology .............................................................................................................5
Chapter 4 Data analysis and findings ........................................................................................5
Chapter 5 Discussion, Conclusion & Recommendations...........................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................6
Introduction.................................................................................................................................6
The impact of artificial intelligence on work and jobs...............................................................6
The different career paths in this digital era................................................................................7
What are the opportunities and threats in this digital era?........................................................10
Conclusion of literature review.................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

Title: Job Nature as an impact of technological changes
Introduction
The transformation of the business into the digital era is not about technology at all, it’s about
people. Conducting business in the digital era is not much simple as people think. Only some
clicks and the product arrive; casually this is what it looks like. An online business makes it quite
easy for individuals to place an order and settle the transaction. However, the success of the
online business in the future needs more than moving the outdated shop to an online platform;
although Lazada or Amazon did that (ITHB, 2018). Some other online corporations which
disrupt the traditional practices of business are Air BnB, Grab, and eBay. They have done more
than only opening an online store. For instance, eBay formed the online auction system and
Gram make it quite easy to share the capacity for cars and motorcycles and by doing this they
have become a danger to conventional taxi services. In addition, Air BnB introduced the model
of room sharing which threats business of hotel chains,
It is important for all businesses to consider digitalisation in their operation to become
successful. The foremost key to success in digital era is the capability to make new ideas which
might better meet the needs of the customer and answer new requirements. A second key is the
capability to transform ideas into services or products which meet the expectations of the
customer. In order to do this the combination of operational management skills and IT; for
instance, customer relations management and supply chain are crucial (Ansong and Boateng,
2019). The third key is the ability to make maximum shareholder value from the business. The
time when business people valued firms only grounded on actual revenue is long gone.
Nowadays, investors might provide quite high valuations for online firms which are losing cash,
as long as ventures partake in promising future profits through a unique model of business and
also a large number of users.
There is a concept that digitalisation is leading to the emission of some job roles but it is true. As
the introduction of digital technology is leading to the introduction of new job roles as well; thus,
the career path is advancing (Kimball, 2022). New job types are emerging due to which soft
(human) skills become more important. Some new career path in the digital era includes system
provider, business service provider, moderniser, digital evangelist and productiser. On the other
hand, technology is also accessible in policy discussion either as the main threat to the service;

stimulating the notion of technological joblessness and as the key driver of the societal change.
This mix of excitement and fear might be elucidated by the trouble of catch-up with the moving
target; Maryanti, Rohana and Kristiawan (2020) quotes that technological change also feeds the
method of creative obliteration that changes the economic structure from the inside out,
destroying the old one and creating a new one incessantly.
Rationale
There is need to embrace digital technology to provide career development is not new and was
highlighted as an area that required to be reinforced as long ago as 2010 (Domini et al., 2021).
There is a need to identify the necessity to develop the competency of career development in the
use of digital technology to provide career development. There is limited research to determine
the level of career development in this digital era and most people are unaware of different roles.
Another reason behind choosing this research is that businesses had to adapt to a new way of
developing themselves and adopting new practices to reach customers because people today are
actively using the internet and developing their activities in the virtual space. A new career path
is opened by this adaptation process. Experts in IT practices are now sought after by businesses
looking to expand into the virtual space and acquire new clients. All of the new job roles will be
examined in this thesis that was available because of digitalization and the ways in which these
positions support the growth of the company.
Research Aim
This research aims to discuss the different career paths which are emerging currently in this
digital era. Based on this aim following are three main research objectives:
Research Objectives
 To analyse the impact of artificial intelligence on work and jobs.
 To discuss different career paths in this digital era.
 To assess the opportunities and threats in the digital era.
Research Question
 How artificial intelligence will impact employment?
 Nowadays in what digital careers people and new graduates are interested?
 What are the opportunities and threats in this digital era?

Dissertation Outline
This dissertation covers the following five chapters:
Chapter 1 Introduction
This chapter sets the direction and tone of the whole research. By reading this chapter readers
will gain an idea about research. This chapter also presents the research aim and research
questions.
Chapter 2 Literature review
This chapter analyses the gap in current studies and focuses on other chapters to fill this gap by
choosing the appropriate methodology. The purpose of this chapter is to inform the reader what
previous research has been done on the chosen topic and by what means it has guided the own
research
Chapter 3 Methodology
This chapter discusses the chosen research approaches and also provides the rationale for each
chosen approach with its drawbacks and advantages.
Chapter 4 Data analysis and findings
This chapter presents the summary of the data which have been gathered in the form of a table.
Chapter 5 Discussion, Conclusion & Recommendations
This chapter presents the analysis as well as discussions of the result. This chapter also compares
and contrasts the results with the literature review. It also includes recommendations. In addition,
the conclusion of the research reminds the reader of the research aim, methodology, and research
findings.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
A literature review is an effective term of dissertation structure which helps to define the
aims and objectives with the help of published work. It refers to the scholarly work or scholarly
paper such as books, articles and journals of previous published work that helps to provide the
overview on a specific topic of research (Abduljabbar, Liyanage, and Dia, 2021). it is also
known as the summary that is helps in collect the knowledge and information about the current
area of research. A literature review is the most important part for every research study because
it is critically define the topic of research. It is helps the researchers to collect the information
and study about the topic in effective and efficient way. There are some methodologies and
discussion issues included in literature review and suggestion for the future study of research. It
is the survey of sources which is related to the research questions or specific topic. A literature
review is a written part of dissertation, thesis or research paper. With the help of literature
review, researchers are able to gained overall information and knowledge of the study which is
also helps in future research. It is also helps in saving the time and money of researcher for
collecting the further more research (Behr and et.al., 2020). In other words, literature review is
the survey method which helps to provide the information by collecting it from the scholarly
published work such as books, journals, articles and many more on the specific topic or research
question.
The impact of artificial intelligence on work and jobs
According to the point of view of McCartney and McCartney (2020) artificial
intelligence is the term of digital technology which is the study of intelligent agents. It is the term
which is demonstrated by the machineries to displayed the natural intelligence by human and
animals. it is define as the system that helps to takes actions and perceives the environment to
maximise the chance of attaining the goals and success. The term of digital technology is one of
the most important part for every company or organisation which is used for making the work
and activities more easier and effective. Artificial intelligence is the study of machines that
display and mimic the cognitive skills of human which is associated with their mind including
problem solving and learning skills. It is becoming the best and important machine for system
because it is increasing the capabilities to considered the tasks and problems in effective way

(Ullah and et.al., 2020). In relation to employment, artificial intelligence impacting on
employment in many and positive ways. As it is impacting the employment by introducing new
techniques to make the work and job effective and efficient. It is impacting on achievements
because digital technology support every function and operation to achieved the success and
goals. AI machines learning skills are required to expand and expected by 71% within the next
five years. It is impacting on online courses where the people are able to adopt the AI skills by
some excellent free online courses. It is impacting on influencing everything such as from the
searching results, online dating chances etc. the impact of artificial intelligence impact on
employment in two ways such as increasing the labour's demand in jobs and industries which
helps to develop with the help of technological progress. It is also known as impacting on
employment by productivity effect. Another impact of artificial intelligence that it is directly
impacting on workers by displaying their previous performing tasks (Nishant, Kennedy, and
Corbett, 2020). it is impacting on the employment by automatic controlling the work of the
business which is the advantage for the employee as well as an organisation. It is impacting on
employment by replacing the jobs by machines. It is impacting on time and money as well
because with the help of artificial intelligence it is provide automate systems for consuming more
time. It is impacting on increasing the productivity and performance of employment.
As per the view point of Liu and et.al., (2020) digital technology in today's world play a
vital role as it is helps to make everything digital, faster, easier, effective and efficient. Digital
technology makes the world modern and digital. Artificial intelligence is the system application
of digital technology which is helps to demonstrated by the machines. It is the application which
displayed the humans and animals. There are four types of artificial intelligence such as self-
aware, theory of mind, reactive and limited memory. There are many impacts of artificial
intelligence on the employee, work and jobs such as artificial intelligence is helps to things easier
and effective. Artificial intelligence is define as the human intelligence which work like a
human. There are some application of artificial intelligence which is impacting on the
employment by providing the job description on online sites. It is impacting on achieving the
achievements of business or operation because it is helps in easier and effective working (Keding
2021). there are mainly two types of impact of artificial intelligence such as impacting on
workers directly by showing the past performance and productivity of employee. Another impact
by increasing the growth of labour's demand within industries and job that is helps to develop by

technical progress. Artificial intelligence impacting on the employment by making the every
process of jobs and work easy and efficient. It is impacting on work by boosting the energy and
motivation of employee. It is impacting on the job by providing it on the online sites which is
helps the candidates to find the job easily. The another impact of artificial intelligence is to
delivered the accurate information about the job to the candidates which is help in searching out
the new job (Pantano and Pizzi 2020). these all impacts of artificial intelligence helps to increase
the productivity and performance of the organisation because it is increasing the employment by
impacting with the help of online sites. It is also provide the automate system to the companies
which is helps to consume the time and money of peoples. It is a automation controlling system
which can easily handle the situation and risk within the business. It is directly impact on the
performance of candidate because they can easily work, search the job and many more. The
impact of artificial intelligence is overall positive on the employment because all the process gets
easy and perfect.
The different career paths in digital era
In the opinion to Rainer and Prince (2021) digital technology is one of the most vital term
which is helps to changed the overall system in modern way. Career paths important for
everyone because it is helps to increase the employee engagement and retention. Different career
paths of digital technology helps in makes everything digital because it is provides techniques in
career path also. There are some different careers paths of digital era where the new graduated
and people shown the interest towards the digital career path such as data scientist, computer
systems analyst, software developer, mobile application developer, IT security specialist and
many more. These all different career paths of digital technologies where the people shown their
more interest. There are some digital career paths which are briefly mentioned in below-
 Data scientist: it is known as the digital career path which is the most popular path
chooses by people and new graduates for their career because data scientist is refers to
the communication solutions and engineer data sets which has more growth and success
in future towards the digital era.
 Software developer: it is the best path for the digital era because software developer is
the person who can achieved many goals and success in life (Başol and Yalçın 2021). It
is the most interested path for every person or new gratitudes because the job roles of
software engineer including the testing and coding of new software and troubleshooting.

 Information security analyst: it is the part of information technology which is helps to
manage all the cybersecurity threats which is known as the risk within the organisation.
In relation to digital era, there are many risk and threats towards the information and data
where the information security analyst play a vital role to overcome the risk and threats.
So, it is also one of the most important career path which is chooses by new graduates for
their career plan.
 Computer systems analyst: it is refers to the analyst which is helps to solve the all the
problems and issues of computer. In every company or organisation there are many
barriers faced by the company in order to manage the problems of systems where
computer system analyst helps to solve the all the problem (Ribble and Park 2022). So, it
is the career path of digital era where people shown their more interest to make
everything easy and effective.
The above mentioned career path of digital era is the effective paths for people and new
gratitudes and they shown their more interest in it because these all paths helps them in growth
and success in future. The career path of digital era set the career plan of the employee because
digital technology will be the most important term for everyone or every company or industry.
According to the point of view of Renzulli and Reis (2021) digital technologies helps to
make the system and process easy and effective. With the help of digital technology, the world
changes into digital era where many things done by digital technology. It is the term which is
used to change the overall process of company or organisation by the machines which makes
things easy and efficient. Digital technology is one of the most important term used in many
things such as payment, job, work, shopping, eduction, hospital and many more. In relation to
digital career path of the digital era play a vital role because the techniques and technologies
makes the career path more effective and efficient. The some different digital career path such as
sales developer, web developer, computer research scientist, information technology manager
and many more. These all the most interested digital career path of people and new gratitudes
which shown their more interest in the digital era. For better understanding there are briefly
mentioned some digital career path which helps in more knowledge for future generation. It is
also helps to define that why people is interested in it. The digital career path are given below-
 Web developer: it is the digital career path which is mostly chooses by the people and
new graduates because web developer is the career path which have many success and

profit in future. Web developer can be divided into three parts such as designer,
webmasters, and web architects (Yankova and et.al., 2020). Web developer can be
develop the areas of design and layout, easily maintain websites and can easily handle the
technical construction of sites. So, it is also the digital career path which shown most
popularity in the people.
 Sales engineer: there are many industries and company which demand more for sales
engineers because sales engineer are able to explain about the products and can answer
quickly of question. In digital era, sales engineer play a vital role because they are able to
increase the productivity and performance of the company as well. It has high growth that
why peoples are more interested in it.
 Information technology manager: it is also known as the information systems
managers and computer information system managers, chief technologies officers, IT
directors and many more other name. It is the digital career path where the many of
people and new graduates to show their more interest in it because information
technology managers can easily handle the overall situation of the company (Miethlich
and et.al., 2020). They are helps in technology's needs of organisation. In any company or
organisation, there are many issues in technology which can be created anytime where
the information technology managers are playing the vital role.
 Computer research scientist: it is the position which is high job outlooks and high
wages as well. A computer research scientist is the person who can represent the digital
era by new innovation, research of websites, sources and many more. It is basically
required PH.D where the competition of candidates smalls. In the digital era there are
many companies and industries needs the computer research scientist for their innovation.
Research scientist are able to write the algorithms which is helps to analysis the overall
data.
These all digital career path which is mentioned above is known as the most interested
career path by people because these all careers paths has many growth and success in future. It is
helps in earning more profit and makes the digital era more effective and efficient. The digital
career paths is the way of success which makes the people more valuable and succeeded in
future. The term of digital technology in today's world is important which is provide many
digital career path to make the career of people more effective and efficient.

The opportunities and threats in digital era
According to Oehler and Wendt (2018) digitalisation in any country allows to track the
activities of the competitors. Digital transformation is known to change the ways in which
company operates and it has the power to impact all the areas of the company. There are various
challenges which can be overcome by using digitalisation and due to which the company will be
maintaining level of confidence and motivation. With the help of various platforms, the company
will be able to bring loyal customer base as they are getting more chances to connect with the
audience. There are various opportunities which are explained below-
 With the help of this digital era it is easy to build connectivity and stay in touch with
family, friends and related to work even if somebody is in the another part of world. It
allows to reduce the feeling of isolation in the people as they get to interact in the digital
world (Truant, Broccardo and Dana, 2021).
 Due to digitalization the work has become simplified as people and the companies get
better opportunities of connection. Along with it, people get various benefits that is after
Covid-19, employees got the option to work from home. It allows better flexibility of
work to the employees of the company (Srai, and Lorentz, 2019).
 Due to digital era the company and its employees are getting more learning
opportunities over the web. As various things are available online and it is easy to
communicate with most of the world.
 Digital era is one of the main reason which supports all the industries as it helps in
transforming the manual operations to the digital format. That is why it is easy to
access the information by making use of online and digital resources.
 It can be seen that impact of digital era has been proved positive in relation to the
performance in economy. That is why various governments are taking steps in order to
digitalise the country with the aim of providing the best services to its people.
 As per the recent, it is required to attract customers as it is one of the main task for
many organisations. For that process, digitalisation will be utilised because it is known to
offer various platforms and set of tools in order to communicate with the customer and
deliver their message. That is why various companies will be able to interact with the
people worldwide and interconnect their promotional message in an innovative, creative
and unique manner (Tanda and Schena, 2019).

 The Covid-19 has completely changed the traditional behaviours as it is a pandemic
situation which has modified the habits of the customers. Nowadays, people prefer to go
online for making any purchase. It leads to bring a massive shift in the digitalisation as
people are getting more advantages and safety.
 Another opportunity is to bring better customer experience as it allows the customers to
have quality services. It directly tends to elevate the level of profit in the company and
that is why companies adopt digital transformation. In order to improve efficiency and
better level of productivity.
Figure 1:Essential skills for the new digital era
Threats
As stated by Hadzhieva (2019) digital era has impacted every aspect of people’s life and
way of doing things. For the successful technology and innovation, the companies should target
on strategies which comprises of collaboration, project management, analysis and process. That
is why these all strategies will support successfully and efficiently managing technology and
innovation in an organisation. There are numerous challenges which are faced by an organisation
because technology advancement keeps changing in the business world. From office work to
communications almost all the areas are getting affected. Digital era has also brought various
threats which are explained below-
 Managing innovation and technology in the digital era is one of the complex task in the
company. It can be seen that it has major impact on the activities of a business.
Moreover, it changes the way in which business performs its activities.

 Human beings are getting used to the technology and they prefer to socialize on internet
instead of real life contact. It leads to bring the feeling of isolation which leads to cause
depression and various mental health issues.
 Due to digital era the work is getting increased as the employees are working all the time.
Some companies have the work of managing the digital data which can be the main
reason of stress.
 Digital era also brings various threats as it comprises of numerous people who hide their
identities. It can lead to promote stalking, bullying, trolling, insulting and many more.
Such fake people may involve in activities like fraud and scams which will lead to bring
adverse situations.
 Another threat is related to addiction that is social media, various games and many other
websites which can be addictive. Along with it, it is difficult to maintain the personal
privacy in the digital world. There are various issues that is the danger of personal data
can be stolen or sold.
 In addition to this, developments in technology has the major impact on the stakeholders
and all the people linked with the company. It is difficult to manage and implement the
technology as it requires proper workforce for it. Along with it, it leads to increase the
expense of the company.
 Digitalisation comprises of making use of internet that is why it is said to the main
strength. Whereas it also involves various risks and issues which cannot be ignored in
day to day life. As the world is changing majorly in the past years
Conclusion of literature review
As per the above study of literature review, it has been concluded that digital era is play a
effective role in current times because it is helps to makes the things more easier. Digital era in
today's world is one of the most used term which is helps to easily stay connect with family,
friends and work remotely. In relation to work or job the impact of digital era is overall positive
because it is helps to provide many technologies and techniques to makes the things easy and
smart. Artificial intelligence is refers to the human intelligence which demonstrated by machines
that helps the program to think like a animals and human. The impact of artificial intelligence on
the employment reduce the risk of occupations from the work and automated the tasks and
assignment with the help of artificial intelligence. The impact of digital era also impacting on the

economy which is helping in adjustment of other parts. It has been analysed that there are
different career paths of digital era where the people interested in different paths such as digital
marketing, search engine optimiser, social media marketing and many more. It is seen that with
the help of digital career paths and ways there are some opportunities and threats which has been
gained by the people such as easy and effective working, saving time and money, network issues,
payment issue and many more. These all opportunities and threats define that digital era is
important for everyone now days because it is helps the people to make their work more easier
and effective and in a time. The overall conclusion has been concluded that artificial intelligence
application is the best application to manage the overall process of machinery with the human
intelligence.

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