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LAN technologies and their role in Organisation | Report

   

Added on  2020-01-28

50 Pages6692 Words117 Views
ContentsIntroduction.................................................................................................................................................2TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................................2LAN Hardware.....................................................................................................................................7TASK 2........................................................................................................................................................18TASK 3........................................................................................................................................................21IP Address and VLSM.............................................................................................................................24TASK 4........................................................................................................................................................25TASK 5........................................................................................................................................................27REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................42

IntroductionThe report is prepared to analyze the use of LAN technologies and their role to increase theperformance of the organization. The project provides detailsof LAN and related techniquesand models to overcome security related issues. It will also explain LAN hardware such as fileservers, hubs, bridges, switches, routers, multilayer switches, voice gateways, firewalls, andother devices. Computers in LAN are getting connected with a cable through Ethernet, FastEthernet and Gig Ethernet or other media.Security is one of the main aspects of any network because of data importance to anorganization. This course will help to learn router configuration, packet filter, troubleshootingnetwork, test network performance etc. This course will also help to get the understanding ofan IP address/pool management, VLAN, STP , VTP or monitoring tool for a network.TASK 11.1Evaluate various LAN technologies available in the market. Describe the technologies inrelation with scenario above.LAN:In an enterprise network computers are getting connected in the same geographic area orlocation known as LAN. An organization typically owns the entire campus network and the

physical wiring. Campus networks commonly consist of Ethernet, 802.11 wireless LANs, higher-speed Fast Ethernet, Fast Ether Channel, and Gigabit Ethernet LANs.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Ethernet (802.3):- Ethernet is a LAN technology based on the 802.3 standard of IEEE(Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers) and offers a bandwidth of 10 Mbps between end users or PC, in otherwords, LAN Technology is used to provide connectivity between PCsusing Ethernet technologyand committed speed is 10 Mbps between every end user. Switched Ethernet can eliminate thepossibility of collisions. In full-duplex modedata can be transmitted or received simultaneously,hence Full-duplex mode increases network performance with throughput of 10 Mbps in eachdirection.

Half-Duplex:- Half duplex is a feature of LAN technology which is being used by many devices such as HUB orrepeater. These hubs are basically multiport repeaters which extends the bus topology conceptof 10Base2 and 10Base5 by regenerating the same signal sent by the original device. Therefore,collisions can still occur and CSMA/CD access rules are used to avoid collisions. Below figureoutlines the operation of half-duplex 10BaseT withhubs:

Stepsfollowed in half duplex:Step 1 the network interface card (NIC) is used to senda data packet.Step 2 The NIC loops the sent packetto receive pair.Step 3 The hub will receives the sent packet.Step 4 Then hub will forward the frame using an internal bus so that signals can be received byall Other NICs.Step 5:The hub repeats the signal from each receiving pair to all other devices,i.e. the hubforwards packets so that all the available stations can receive signal on their receiving pair.

Full Duplex:- Full-duplex is used when the possibility of collisions is eliminated. When a single device isconnected to the switch, the switchensures that there is no collision, which allows full duplex towork. No collisions are possible in full duplex. Data can be transmitted (send and receive) fromboth ends simultaneously. This helps in reduction of Ethernet congestion and provides theadvantages over half-duplex 10BaseT. Fast EthernetIEEE 802.3u:- Fast Ethernet is a new technology to gain increased bandwidth in Ethernet environmentor inother word, the Fast Ethernet is high-speed Ethernet which based on existing Ethernetstandards and supports data transmission speed up to 100 Mbps which is defined in the IEEE802.3u standard. The Ethernet cabling schemes, CSMA/CD operation, and all upper-layerprotocol operations are taken care with Fast Ethernet. Media Access Control (MAC) layermerged with a new physical layer.PriorityEthernet Mode7100BASE-T2 (full duplex)6100BASE-TX (full duplex)5100BASE-T2 (half duplex)4100BASE-T43100BASE-TX

PriorityEthernet Mode210BASE-T (full duplex)110BASE-TGigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.3z or IEEE 802.3ab:-Gigabit Ethernet is based on the IEEE 802.3ab and IEEE 802.3z standard and Gigabit Ethernetissupports 1000 Mbps or 1 Gbps per port of network switch. The physical layer has beenmodified to increase data-transmission speeds. Gigabit Ethernet can connect access-layerswitches to distribution-layer switches.10-Gigabit EthernetIEEE 802.3ae:- Gigabit Ethernet uses 1000BASE-X to indicate the media type, 10-Gigabit Ethernet uses10GBASE-X. PMDs along with type of fiber and distance limitations are defined in the standardwhich may vary in nature. All fiber-optic PMDs can be used as either a LAN or a WAN PHY,except for the 10GBASE-LX4, which is only a PHY.LAN HardwareThis segment covers the hardware or network devices of LAN and their categories based on OSImodel:RepeatersRepeaters are the elementary unit in the networks that connect singledivisions and acceptincomingframes or packet and then forwards frame to all other interfaces except receivingport.Repeaters work at the OSI model’s physical layer. Repeaters are unaware ofdatagram/packets or frame formats. They do not control broadcasts or collision domains.

Repeaters are protocol-transparent becauseof unawareness about upper-layer protocols suchas IP, Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), etc.HUB:-Hub is basic unit in LAN technology and they works on physical layer of OSI model. Hubs havemore ports than basic repeaters.Bridges:- Bridges are store-and-forward devices which store the entire frame or datagram and verify thecyclicredundancy check (CRC) before forwarding the same. If the bridges detect a CRC error inframe or datagram, it discards the same. Bridges are protocol-transparent i.e. unaware of theupper-layer protocols such as IP,IPX etc. Bridges implement Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) to build a loop-free network. Bridgescommunicate with each other and exchange information. Bridges select a root bridge and thenimplement STP.

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