Layers of the OSI model and TCP/IP model

This document explains the layers of the OSI model and TCP/IP model, their correlation, network support layers, user support layer, data encapsulation, responsibilities of the data link layer, network layer, transport layer, port address, logical address, physical address, services provided by the application layer, and advantages of combining session, presentation and application layers.

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Networking

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1. Layers of the OSI model and TCP/IP model
OSI model layer:
There are main 7 layers of the OSI model which are described below:
 Application layer
 Presentation layer
 Session layer
 Transport layer
 Network layer
 Data link layer
 The physical layer (Alotaibi, Alrashidi, Naz, & Parveen, 2017).
TCP/IP model layer
There are main four layers of TCP/IP which are the following:
 Application layer
 Transport layer
 Internet layer
 Link layer
2. OSI model layer correlates with the TCP/IP suite
There are main four layers defined in the TCP/IP model but in the case of OSI
model, there are main seven layers. In which the top three layers of the OSI model are
combined with the TCP/IP application layer (Edwards, & Bramante, 2015).
3. Network support layers and the user support layer
In the TCP/IP networking suite, the physical, network and data link layers are
the network support layers and application layer works as the user support layer
(Maurya, Tiwari, & Gupta, 2018). With the help of network support layers, individuals
can connect their servers with the system and user support layer help consumers and
users during the data configuration.

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4. Data encapsulation
In the field of OSI and TCP/IP model, the encapsulation is a kind of technique
which is used for designing modular network protocols. In which the logically separate
processes are abstracted from the structure with the help of inclusion.
5. Responsibilities of the Data Link layer
The data link is one of the best layers of the OSI model which is responsible for
the framing, flow, error, addressing, access control and it also transforms the physical
layer to the reliable link.
6. Difference between the Network layer and Transport layer delivery
The transport layer is mainly responsible for the process to process delivery of
the complete information but network layer is responsible for the host to host delivery
of the user packet across the many links.
7. The error detecting through Data link layer
The error or issues between the nodes and networks can be identified with the
help of data link layer but the error between the transmitter and receiver port cannot
be identified through data link layer (Sinha, Jha, Rai, & Bhushan, 2017). Therefore, we
required another mechanism at the transport layer to solve such kind of problems.
8. The responsibilities of the Network Layer
The main responsibility of the network layer is to provide the delivery of the
data packets between the sources to destination across the numbers of links. Such kind
of layer is also used for logical addressing routing process in the OSI model.
9. The responsibilities of the Transport Layer
Such kind of the layer is responsible to provide the process to process delivery of
information between the input and an output port, service point addressing, connection,
identify the error and segmentation of the network.

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10. Difference between a port address, a logical address and a physical address
The port address is the address of the process on the host network but a logical
address is 32-bit addresses which can define a host network that interconnects with the
internet. In case of physical address, the node of the network is defined by its local area
network (LAN) or WAN.
11. Services provided by the Application layer
The application layer provides a way to access the networks and devices. It also
provides consumers with interfaces and support for the network services, for example,
remote file control, data communication, electronic mail, shared database system and
many more. There are few others servers provided by this layer such as network virtual
terminal, file sharing, mail services, and directory services.
12. Advantages of combining Session, Presentation and Application layers
There are many advantages of the combining session, presentation and applications
layers which are the following:
 Such kinds of layers have the potential to study all the functionalities
 Very large bandwidth as the value of layers is decreased
 Such kinds of layers also reflect the real-life separation of the application from
the TCP section of the OSI process

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References
Alotaibi, A. M., Alrashidi, B. F., Naz, S., & Parveen, Z. (2017). Security issues in Protocols
of TCP/IP Model at Layers Level. International Journal of Computer Networks and
Communications Security, 5(5), 96.
Edwards, J., & Bramante, R. (2015). Networking self-teaching guide: OSI, TCP/IP, LANs,
MANs, WANs, implementation, management, and maintenance. John Wiley & Sons.
Maurya, S., Tiwari, N. K., & Gupta, S. C. (2018). Layered Software Defined Networking.
In Optical and Wireless Technologies, 12(2), 351-362.
Sinha, P., Jha, V. K., Rai, A. K., & Bhushan, B. (2017). Security vulnerabilities, attacks and
countermeasures in wireless sensor networks at various layers of OSI reference
model: A survey. In Signal Processing and Communication (ICSPC), 2017
International Conference on, 6(2), 288-293.