Contemporary Debates in Moral Theory: Health Inequalities and Government Policies

LC462 CONTEMPORARY
DEBATES

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
Contemporary Debates in Moral Theory is a set of recent essays discussing key problems in
current ethics and moral thought (Baker and et.al., 2018). The size is formed by eight key
questions, for each question triggering a pair of contrasting essays, summarising the most
significant and powerful reasons for each argument. In this assessment, student discusses Health
Inequalities which is a major worry in the UK and discusses the government approach to
addressing these inequalities. Health inequity is a disparity in the health status or availability of
health care services among different demographic class due to the social situations under which
person is born, develop, live , work and age. Health inequity is disproportionate and could have
been reduces by the correct mix of government initiatives.
MAIN BODY
Health inequalities among people or cultures are preventable and inadequate disparities in
health status. From 2014 to 2016, the extent of disparities or differences in life expectancy
amongst most and least deprived regions of England was 9.3 years for men and 7.3 years for
women. Higher mortality rates in the much more vulnerable regions of heart disease, lung cancer
and chronic respiratory disease compensate for almost a third of the overall life expectancy
difference for both sexes. Cigarettes and obesity are the primary possible causes for such
diseases. Though this incidence of tobacco in England has decreased, citizens in the much more
disadvantaged areas are still much more likely to drink or smoke than citizens in the lowest
wealth quintile.
There is also no indication that differences in life expectancy has declined in recent years.
In-equality in mortality rate for females has risen from 2001 to 2003 and for males, whereas
disparity has gone up and down over time, it stays the same in 2001 to 2003. The difference in
healthier life expectancy rate between most and least deprived parts of Europe was about 19
years for males and females among 2014 and 2016 (Government.UK, 2020). People who live in
its most vulnerable areas invest almost a third of the population in bad health, compared to just
around a sixth for all those living in low income areas. In-equality in life expectancy really hasn't
improved with either sex from 2011 to 2013.
These health inequalities occur as early with large inequalities in child health (Dutta, 2018).
In 2014 to 2016, kids in its most disadvantaged areas was twice as likely to have kids with
premature birth as children throughout the less deprived areas, and this disparity has not shifted
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since 2010 to 2012. Recent statistics indicate that children in even the most impoverished areas
are much more than 3 significantly more likely to occur dental decay than children throughout
the least deprived backgrounds, while in-equality has decreased in absolute terms from the fiscal
year 2014 to 2015.
Average life expectancy in England has typically risen in recent years and preliminary 2017
figures indicate that this has exceeded 79.6 years for males and 83.2 years for females. Life
expectancy isn't really universal across England, however, and disparities exist (Kriznik and
et.al., 2018). If community areas inside England are rated among the most vulnerable and
then organized into 10 categories, average lifespan for each group increases as the degree of
deprivation declines. In other words, in nutrition there is a 'social gradient’. The Slope In-
equality Index (SII) is a classification systems of such a social gradient, showing how often life
expectancy is different from deprivation. Among the most and least poor areas of England, the
degree of in-equality or difference in life expectancy is 9.3 years for men and 7.3 years for
women (as calculated by the SII). The level of in-equalities in average life expectancy is higher
than in mortality rate. The difference in healthy life expectancy among the most and least
vulnerable areas in England is about 19 years both for males and females (as calculated by the
SII). Below mentioned statistical graph provide better understanding:
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