Race, Ethnicity and Migration

This document explores the controversial subjects of race, ethnicity, and migration, with a focus on the Windrush case. It discusses key theories pertaining to explanations of migration, the reasons behind the controversial nature of migration, ethnicity, and race, and the relevance of the selected time frame. It also explains the importance and relevance of the subject, citing legal and social milestones resulting from the chosen subject.

Race, Ethnicity and
Migration

Table of Content
Table of Content..............................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
Critical consideration of at least one key theory pertaining to explanations of migration
relative to the chosen subject..................................................................................................4
A discussion of how and why migration/ethnicity/’race’ are regarded as controversial
subjects...................................................................................................................................5
A discussion on how and why a selected time frame was identified and (if applicable) how
relevant it is to current theoretical, policy or practical debates in relation to ‘race’, ethnicity
and migration..........................................................................................................................6
Explain the importance and relevance of the subject citing any legal and social millstone that
have resulted from chosen subject..........................................................................................7
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION....................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Race, ethnicity and migration are three separate terms holding separate definitions and
perspectives. Race is defined as a category of human beings sharing similar and certain
distinctive physical traits and characteristics. Moving along the term Ethnicity is defined as a
process used for grouping of people who are similar to one another on the basis of similar
attribute and which are unique as well as distinguish them from other groups and people.
Ethnicity is basically a process of dividing people into groups on certain common grounds such
as set of traditions, language, history, society, culture, religion, nation, social treatment and
ancestry. Up next, is Migration is a movement takes place when people move from one area to
another on a path of a journey from one place to another.
The chosen case for the subject is “The Windrush Case” which is also known as “The Afro
Caribbean Migration”. The Windrush case was scandal took place in 2018 which is addressed as
British political scandal related to people who were wrongly over untrue details were denied and
detailed legal rights, threatened and deported. In the very beginning that is in 2018 the cases of
deportation was at 83 people were wrongly deposited from the United Kingdom by the office
and today the backlog have reached to 3,720 cases.
The question arises is who are the Windrush generation, the people who have arrived in the
United Kingdom between the year 1948 and 1971 from Caribbean countries have been given the
tag or labelled as The Windrush generation. The name was referred to the ship that is MV
Empire Windrush, which was docked in Tilbury on 1948, in which workers from Jamaica,
Tobago and many other Islands were brought.
The story behind the scandal surface in 2017 when it is emerged that hundreds of commonwealth
citizens have been wrongly detained and deported by the home office, UK. The case was
highlighted in the news was spread through several newspapers on which Caribbean leaders took
a strong step making the issue their primary priority and took it to the prime minister at that time.
The people were outraged at the fact that number of Black Britons was devastated and their lives
were destroyed by a flood and discriminatory immigration system of Britain. The scandal took
place when the commonwealth citizens were affected by the hostile legislative environment of
government. A policy was announced in the year 2012, through which number of leading

organisations and leaders such as NHS, landlords, banks, employers and several other important
parties were informed to enforce immigration controls. The policy was initiated and aimed at
making the lives of people miserable that are living in the United Kingdom with no documents
that is the undocumented migrants and then make them believe Britain.
The Windrush generation was affected due to it because several children in the era came in the
United Kingdom on their parent’s passports which were affected as the home office destroyed
number of landing cards and other records leading people 200000 in the documentation which
prove their right to remain in the United Kingdom as part of Britain. On the other hand the home
office place the burden pf proof in the hands of individuals where they demanded at least one
official document of every year stating their lives being settled in United Kingdom’s from past
years.
The report will be covering the respective theory which is related with the explanation of
migration and also discussing the reasons behind the controversial nature of migration, ethnicity.
Along with it in the discussion the reasons behind selected time frame is also identified as well
as its relevance to the migration policy and practices. Moreover, the assignment will also be
evaluating the impact of policy and media debates that occurred in respect to the selected scandal
and the time frame for making appropriate legislative recommendation in regards to the change
in the policy that needs to be done which could have changed the scenario if applied before.
MAIN BODY
Critical consideration of at least one key theory pertaining to explanations of migration relative
to the chosen subject
Migration is abroad term defined as a permanent or semi permanent change of residence of an
individual for their families where node restriction is placed over the distance of the move as
well as no distinction is made on internal and external migration. Every single act of migration
has some factors aligned with it that are an origin, respective destination and certain intervening
set of obstacles. In regards to the same international migration is defined as a complex and
diverse phenomena in which number of different theories are identified because a single theory
cannot provide a satisfactory explanation for the same. There are several different reasons that
ignites and initiates international migration is better understood by incorporating a variety of
factors as well as perspectives rather than belonging to one single scenario.

Thus, there are number of migration theories such as neo classical, new economics, migration
systems and networks, institutional migration, dual or segmented labour market migration,
World system theory, mobility transition and policy migration. All these theories are related to
certain factors causing or a revolving around migration. In respect to the theory of migration it is
stated and assumed that labour market as well as economies require trade and migration to work
together in order to move towards equilibrium in the long period. In relation to the case of The
Afro Caribbean Migration the applicable theory is the new economics theory of migration
(NETM).
The New Economics Theory of Migration (NETM), is a variation of the neo classical theory
which incorporates the societal dimension in relation to the decision to migrate. As per The New
Economics Theory of Migration (NETM) migration decision is taken collectively by the
households. As per the theory Migration of selected family member is used to mitigate risks and
diversify income in the family resulting in increasing resources for fulfilling the needs of entire
family. The concept behind the new economic theory of migration is people wish to go things
well for those who have migrated as they will be providing support in different resource forms
for the families in the origin country to survive and the vice versa.
The New Economics Theory of Migration (NETM), is related to the Windrush case of Afro
Caribbean Migration where it acts as a strategy in creating difficulty for people to survive and
live in Britain. The theory defined a concept of deprivation which grabbed the migrants rights to
make any alterations in income distribution in the society and forcing them to take migration
decision. Along with it once The New Economics Theory of Migration (NETM) was initiated the
power landed in the hands of government for influencing people and forcibly deporting them
from the nation.
A discussion of how and why migration/ethnicity/’race’ are regarded as controversial subjects.
Race, Ethnicity and migration holds a similar characteristic which brings the three terms together
and the characteristic is of developing new opportunity is and possibilities for people to live
better lives and raise their living standards. In simpler words all the three aspects are driven
through to search of human being for better opportunities which are new and offer them a better
developing hand. The fact of the similarity between the three terms also makes the same a very
debatable topic amongst poor and rich or developing and developed Nations.

Migration, Ethnicity and Race are three controversial topics and have been under several serious
discussions and debates. Number of evidences the scale of international migration has increased
dramatically and drastically over the past two decades. As per the reports of United Nations the
number of people living outside their UN countries have exceeded 200 million which is even
more than the recorded figure in 1980’s. International migration accounts for 2.5% of the world's
population. In past years that is since 1995 have climbed rapidly reaching to a peak of 244,000 in
the year 2004 and 237,000 in the year 2007.
As per the reports and evaluation of experts the population projection of the United Kingdom
suggest that migration is and will be continuing to be an important element of population change
in the area. The net migration into the United Kingdom accounted for 52% of all population
growth during the twelve months in 2007 which was relatively less from the year 2006 that is
55% and 72% in 2001. In relation to the case of Afro Caribbean Migration and Windrush
generation, experts have suggested and analysed that the migration have transformed art and
culture of Britain.
The respective migration improved the possibilities and opportunities for the people and
families. number of individuals and people of different families received employment and were
recruited by healthy organisations as Britain was in great need of employees who are skilled and
knowledgeable as well as willing to work. Different industrial organisation such as postal
services, Health care and different institutions were in need of great employees which was the
provided to them through migration.
In the same scenario, The other set of group and media report highlighted the migration of afro-
Caribbean individuals into the United Kingdom have created racial tension and discrimination
among population of the United Kingdom became the part of the society. moreover there were
certain barriers as well introduced by such migration within the society beginning with language
and cultural barriers. These are the very controversial aspects of The Windrush generation being
coming in the UK and making it a serious concern for the officials.
A discussion on how and why a selected time frame was identified and (if applicable) how
relevant it is to current theoretical, policy or practical debates in relation to ‘race’, ethnicity
and migration.
The selected migrating case and the scandal is of The Windrush generation case and the Scandal
of Afro Caribbean Migration. The selected case occurred in 2018 beginning form 2017 when the

office of the UK initiated a policy to make sure that undocumented individuals living in Britain
leaves the country. The time period was selected and it’s relevancy to the current debates in
regards to migration is still ignited as the scandal is far from over. For those people who have
been affected by the Windrush scandal have still not provided justice. The main reason behind
selecting the case and the time period is the people who were deported forcefully are still not
provided justice and huge backlogs of cases are still unresolved.
In regards to the scandal the government provided a compensation scheme making handful of
payments. But the affected people of the Windrush generation are still waiting for unqualified
apology in regards to the way the home office has treated them in the past. The cases who are
still pending are 2,370 in number and holds and important and aggressive place in media records
and news flashes.
The policies and practices those led the direction towards the scandal are still in place and not
removed from the legislation of the United Kingdom. A hostile environment is developed which
was those without the right paper and documents from the safety net on which people still rely
even the policies were not removed during the period of the coronavirus pandemic. The people
who are affected by those practices and policies are still waiting for the justice as these policies
are not being removed even after the repeated calls of revocations.
Over the same Government have also promised to find the root cause of the scandal as well as
learn from the case in order to make improvements in future. The review of the same was
published in March 2020 after 2-3 years of the scandal since when it hit the headlines of
newspapers and media reports. The reviews imposed a clear direction towards the decision that
the scandal was not an accident which took place but the inevitable results of the policies
designed and being practices to make the life of people impossible and miserable for whom
living without proper papers. Therefore, the case and period was selected as it holds appropriate
impact over the society still and needs for the modifications in regards to making the society a
better place for people to live in as well as providing them justice.
Explain the importance and relevance of the subject citing any legal and social millstone that
have resulted from chosen subject.
The importance and relevance of the subject cited in the report was related to migration and the
and healthy as well as unethical practices and policies used by the home office of the United
Kingdom for removing undocumented people living in their country. The importance of the topic

was raised from the flow of a racial discrimination which took place during the Windrush case of
Afro Caribbean Migration. During the policy implementation hoardings and leaflets were used
for showcasing and threatening people the power to make sure that all illegal citizens leaves the
country.
During the campaign 12000 people and even more was only classified by the home officer as
illegal immigrants who have been given citizenship and asked for proving their citizenship in the
country by providing one governmental document for every years which showcases their lives
being settled in the United Kingdom. Several different commonwealth citizens one keenly
affected from this hostile environmental legislation causing chaos and unhealthy environment
within Britain. Hence, the topic holds the great relativeness and importance as a huge legal and
social milestone was created through it.
The legal milestone which was developed during the Windrush scandal was of careless and
inevitable legal actions taken by the government due to the UK immigration policy. Movie the
long the social milestone which were developed during the same was of stress and anger in the
society and people for the government as they were highly affected because of the consequences
citizens had to face while the policy was being implemented and the people were forcefully
being deported and detailed with the legal rights of living in the country and making the UK an
unlivable place for the immigrants.
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION
In the assignment above the discussion is concentrating over a respective case that is a scandal
which took place in the United Kingdom in the year 2018 and which the people are still facing
consequences of and are still suffering from the in just which they faced. In the case there were
number of areas which were identified which could have had different results if implemented
which certain precautions and planning. The first recommendation which seems appropriate and
suites to the case study in regards to migration is the evaluation of the steps taken by concerning
both positive and negative aspects of the policy being implemented before initiating the
immigration policy. Another aspect which needed revision is the records that is personal
information of people living in the United Kingdom which were referred as immigrants of
Windrush generation. The personal records of people first destroyed and then there were asked to
provide appropriate documents for proving there residency and citizenship in the United
Kingdom. Government should have taken the responsibility for keeping their records safe and

rather than implementing enforcing steps the government should have taken appropriate
measures in order to identify the illegal immigrants and the genuine citizens of the country living
from the past number of decades and centuries. In relation to the Chaos created and the affected
commonwealth citizen due to the migration and immigration policy as well as the outrage
developed in people for Black Britons. The people were impacted due to the political hostile
environment and legislation developed through the policy making the lives of undocumented
migrants and unlivable in the UK, the respective policy should have been place for identifying
the immoral and for those creating a barrier for the society rather than for those who are uplifting
the society and the culture of Britain. The Home office should have made appropriate
interventions and process with proper planning before implementing to policy as well as the
policy needs to be amended too. The pending cases of around 2,370 who has still been
unattended needs to be reviewed as soon as possible by making appropriate plans for doing so in
order to provide justice to the citizens why just not providing them the compensations but also
the appropriate apology for which people are waiting eagerly.

REFERENCES
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Chased into 'self-deportation': the most disturbing Windrush case so far, 2021. [Online]
Available Through: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/sep/14/scale-misery-
devastating-inside-story-reporting-windrush-scandal/>
The Story of Windrush, 2021. [Online] Available Through: <https://www.english-
heritage.org.uk/visit/inspire-me/the-story-of-windrush/#article/>
The Windrush case that started it all, 2021. [Online] Available Through:
<https://rmcentre.org.uk/casestudies/case-study-windrush//>
Theories of migration, 2018. [Online] Available Through:
<http://www.ernestoamaral.com/docs/soci647-18spring/Lecture02.pdf/>
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ddcb250e3286&lang=en-GB/>
Windrush backlog reaches 3,720 cases, Home Office reveals, 2021. [Online] Available Through:
<https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/apr/30/windrush-case-backlog-remains-
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Windrush scandal explained, 2020. [Online] Available Through:
<https://www.jcwi.org.uk/windrush-scandal-explained/>