Leadership and Human Resource Management

This report discusses the importance of leadership and human resource management within an organization. It highlights the achievements, failures, strengths, and weaknesses of notable leaders such as Shackleton, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Winston Churchill, Margaret Thatcher, Angela Merkel, and Steve Jobs. The report also delves into their leadership styles and strategies, providing insights for effective leadership development.

Leadership and Human
Resource
Management
1

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
1. Summary of each leader.....................................................................................................3
2. Presenting the trait of each leader that is actually needed in a society...............................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
2

INTRODUCTION
Leadership and human resource management both are very important part of the
organisation. Leadership refers to the action of leading the group of people or ability to do this.
Leaders never stop learning and they communicate affectivity. Human resource management is
also very important as it is systematic system which is used to manage people within
organisation. In this present report, the leader of the world which have known personality in the
world will be introduce. The detailed summary of leaders, there leadership styles, their strength
and weaknesses will also be included in this assessment. Further, the biggest mistakes of leader
as well as their major success will be presented in this assignment. This report will also discuss
the traits which should have current business Leaders. The leaders which are chosen for
studying are Shackleton, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, W. Churchill. Margaret Tatcher,
Angela Merket and Steve Jobs. They are biggest and one of the successfully leader in the world
and they are very important part of the world economy.
1. Summary of each leader.
Sir Earnest Shackleton
(Rothaermel, 2015)
The full name of Earnest Shackleton was the Sir Earnest Henry Shackleton. He was born
on 15 February 1874 in Kilkea, Country Kildare, Ireland but he later moved to London. He was
died on 5 January 1922 at age of 47 with heart attack in south Georgia. In 1904, he married to
Emily Dorman and had three kids. He was the remarkable final chapter in the Heroic Age of
exploration. The first goal of Shackleton is to accomplish the first crossing of the Antarctic
Continent, a feat he considered to be the last great polar journey of the Heroic Age of
Exploration. In 1901 he has joined an expedition to the Antarctic. Due to bad health, he was sent
to his home. He led the Trans-Antarctic Expedition (Gilpin, 2018). I was struck by disaster when
his ship the endurance was broken by ice. He and his crew drifted on sheets of ice for month
until and unless they reached Elephant island. He is remarkable man because he was the first
man to reach the South Pole. He has served as a role model however his expedition which is
judged by initial objectives and it was prodigious failure. The Endurance, his ship never reached
Antarctica. He has total 28 members and 68 dogs of crew but no one can even touch the
Antarctica and it was one of the biggest failure. This is one of the said part of his journey. In
addition to this, the disastrous leadership style of Shackleton caused the deaths of three
3

explorers. The leadership style followed by Shackleton was democratic leadership style as he
does't listen to his peeror members which is the reason for his failure. The biggest mistake of
Shackleton relied heavily on ponies and the technology he used are unproven.
Mahatma Gandhi
The full name of Mahatma Gandhi is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was born on 2nd
October 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat, India. He was died on 30 January 1978 at the age of 78. He
was the primary leader of independence of India as well as he was architect of a form of non-
volatile civil disobedience. He was recognised as the great soul (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley,
2015.). He was famous for movement he started against the British and provide freedom to
India. The major achievements of Mahatma Gandhi make them a successful and remarkable
personality in the world. In South Africa, he fought against the racial discrimination. Another
one of the remarkable achievement of mahatma Gandhi is that in south Africa he started a
Satyagraha (truth force) campaign. He urges Indians to defy the new law and to endure
punishments for doing so. In 1913 the campaign intensified in order to protect against the tax on
ex-indentured Indian and because the state refused to recognise Indian marriages. In this
moment, many Indians were sent to jails and even shot. This moment was seven years of
struggles. In 1914, Indian relief act was passed which withdrew the tax as well as conventional
marriages was constituted. In addition to this, after the passing of act, Indians were allowed to
move freely into the Transvaal. Moreover, the another remarkable success of Gandhi was that he
has won the first battles of civil disobedience in India. Gandhi was the greatest leaders that has
been seen by the entire world. His non-violence method of achieving freedom for British made
him one of the successful leader of India. The leadership style followed by Gandhi was
democratic leadership style as he used to encourage involvement of all the people in his
surrounding (Watson, 2017). It is fact that in the independence of India, Mahatma Gandhi was
the remarkable figure but their some biggest mistakes done by him was that his opinion of non-
violence was not helpful in some areas which makes delay in attaining the freedom of the
country.
Nelson Mandela
The full name of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. He was born on 18 July 1918 in the village
of Mvexo in Eastern Cape. He was a non-violence anti-apartheid activist, politician and
philanthropist who become the first prime minister of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He
4

become one of the most remarkable person by his major accomplishments of Nelson Mandela.
He has fought against the institutionalized discrimination against the blacks in his country which
is called as Apartheid (Rees and Smith, 2017). In 1940, by leading the wind of youth, he had
become a spectacular member of African national Congress. He become a great politicians by his
active participation in youth wing. He encourages the involvement of all the Africans to defend
their rights as well as freedom in South Africa. Another the major success and accomplishment
of Nelson Mandela was that he was become a leading opponent of the Apartheid legislation in
1948. It is the system which was started to stop the racial discrimination and racial segregation
among the people living in South Africa. He introduces the law which saves the rights of people
who are being discriminated and this is one of the biggest achievement of Nelson Mandela.
Mandela is one of the best and remarkable black politician figures in the nation. He focused on
national reconsideration during his presidency which was one of the top priority of Nelson
Mandela. He has contributed a large for the rights of black people. In addition to this, because of
his supportive and participative leadership style he has received more than 260 honours in his
entire life (Macedo and Gounari, 2015). He also won the Nobel peach price. But the biggest3
failure and mistake of Nelson Mandela was to think the country to be socialist. This is fact that
no country in the history has ever succeed as a socialist country.
W. CHURCHILL
The full name of W. Churchill is Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill. He was born on 30
November 1874 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. He was a British politician, statesman,
writer, army officer and was the prime minister of United Kingdom. He was a great man and was
recognised an all-rounder (Carrizo, Lotito and Maciel, 2016). He was famous for his
inspirational speeches as well as for his refusal to give in even when the things were not going
good. He become after the second world war as he has lead to Great Britain in very successful
manner. The biggest achievement of Churchill was that he was responsible for the first minimum
wag system in Britain. He has provided people with the act of wages where they have to work
for 8 hours a day and if they work more they will be pay. He has mandatory this act in more than
200,000 workers in different industries. In addition to this, Churchill has played a great role in
the passage of the budget of the people living in Britain. His role in bringing about the broad
range of radical social reforms was outstanding. He also provides free services for the children's
to take education with free meals. He also introduces pension scheme for the people more than
5

the age of 70. With the use of his brain and his democratic and participative leadership style he
has captured and sit at the heart of the people. In addition to this, Churchill has united as well as
inspired Britain with his outstanding leadership during the period of second world war. With his
outstanding and inspirational speeches has prepared the people of Britain to save them and fight
against the world war (Beck, 2018). But because of his some mistakes he was remarkable and the
greatest controversial figure. He wanted to let Gandhi died and he also let millions of Indian
hunger to death. It is not over, he also supported chemical warfare against uncivilized tribes and
he also believes in racial power structure which was the unavoidable things of Winston
Churchill.
MARGARET TATCHER
The full name of MARGARET TATCHER is Margaret Hilda Thatcher. She was born on
13 October 1925 in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England. She was recognised as the iron lady
because of her incredible and outstanding leadership style. Sh was a British stateswoman who
was served as Prime Minister of UK and was the leader of Conservative party. The biggest
achievement of Margaret was that she was the first woman to lead the entire country (UK). After
the victorious from the constituency of Finchley in northern London, she had become the prime
minister of UK. In addition to this, even in Europe she was the first lady who was elected as head
of government and she was one of the longest serving British prime minister of the country.
Moreover, she successfully handled the crisis of Iranian Embassy in London. Through
privatisation she has implemented an economy of free market. Greater competition and
privatisation leads to the lower the prices for airlines, electricity, telecoms etc. But because of
some mistakes, she was recognised as the most hated British politician. The reason behind this
was that she has supported the retention of capital punishment, she has destroyed the entire
industry of British manufacturing and her policy resulted in massive unemployment. In addition
to this, she also voted against the relaxation of divorce law which was greatly criticised by the
people (Crane, Kawashima and Kawasaki, 2016).
ANGELA MERKEL
The full name of Angela Merket is Angela Dorothea Merket. She was born on 17 July
1954 in Hamburg, West Germany. She is a German politician serving as a Chancellor of
Germany since 2004 as well as she is the leader of the centre right Christian Democratic Union
since 2000 (Webb, 2015). In top Forbes, she was listed eight times as the most powerful woman.
6

STEVE JOBS
Steve Paul Jobs the great personality in the world. He was born on 24 February 1955 in
San Francisco, California, US. He was an American business magnate as well as investors. He
was the founded of Apple Inc. He was the chairman as well as majority shareholder of Pixar and
he was also the member of The Walt Disney Company (Gong, 2015). The biggest achievement
of Steve Job which he was recognised was the igniting the personal computer revolution which
names as Apple Computer assisted to launch the PC revolution. In 1977, he has introduced
Apple II, which was one of the first highly successful computer. He was democratic leader as he
used to encourage and take ideas of each and every members of his company. In 2001, he has
launched portable digital music players that stores a thousand of sons. The achievement of Steve
Jobs were countless as he was has brilliant mind as he was intelligent person in the world. He
said the die of death motivates him to never fear the failure in his commencement speech 2005.
His confidence was his biggest strength. But there are some mistakes of Steve Jobs which lead
him to the path of failure that believing Pixar will be outstanding company of hardware (Gould-
Davies, 2016). The Apple Lisa, Macintosh Tv was the one of the product failure of Steve Jobs.
2. Presenting the trait of each leader that is actually needed in a society
Shackleton: He actually believe in his own mission as well as his team which is consider
the important trait and actually needed in a society. Moreover, another trait which a leader must
posses in the current society is such that having a cleared vision and encouraged their members
in order to do the work in more effective way so that it will be helpful to attain the goals and
objectives (Turner and Baker, 2018). Shackleton is also a hard working man and know how to
build a unity and commitment within their teams which is also used by the recent leaders. He
also think big and add many values and also take tough decision for their future improvements.
Mahatma Gandhi: Mahatma Gandhi was one of the most gentle person and their biggest
strength is truth and loyalty towards their work which actually makes different from others.
Hence, in this recent society, the leaders needed to opt this leadership style and another
leadership trait which Gandhi posses is that they learn from their own mistakes and this skill also
help a person to be a good leader in their future (Rawson, 2018). As Mahatma Gandhi work for
non- violence and have faith to their team members which is another important trait that should
be posses by the leaders. Having such type of trait makes a person to be a good leader in their
7

future and also realize that to live in this society, a person should be true and loyal towards their
work.
Nelson Mandela: One of the most humble leader in this world. Mandela have different
leadership trait such as he was quite focused towards their work and wants to live in peace. The
biggest quality which Mandela posses is such that he showed the world what forgiveness looks
like and through his positive thinking and strong visionary power motivates many person to be
like him. In addition to this, it has been realized that if a person wants to be like a Mandela then
an individual should posses those skills in order to be an effective leader in this world (Shamir
and Eilam-Shamir, 2018). Another leadership quality which Nelson Mandela posses is that he
was a person have a patience in his own work and always show a grit and determination.
Through his positive thinking skills, he motivates or encourages many person as well as their
employees to be focused on their work only and raise the working efficiency so that it will help
them to achieve the target of their work.
W. Churchill: The person is famous for having a leadership skills such as strong
communication which help to convince many people easily and consider the most passionate
towards their work (Fitton, 2018). Having passion makes a person to achieve the goals of their
future and this quality Is helpful for the society to develop more leaders who help to run a
country in better way. Churchill also have strong vision power and courage that further impart
him from other leaders and their action skill also creates positive impact upon society.
MARGARET TATCHER- she has the great leadership skill of being confident in doing
any type of work. Having confidence helps in achieving success in any work people tries to do. It
helps in building alternate ways to fulfil the goal in appropriate way. Thus, having slight
economic problems and also the policies that were unpopular, the iron lady decided in order to
resign after obvious that support for her from cabinet has been lost.
ANGELA MERKEL- The great leader angela merkel has unique leadership quality of
being flexible. She has also made U-Turns on her policies all of a sudden that captured the
popular mood of that time. Her ability in terms of changing directions in order to respond to the
new circumstances that comes in a way has also been coupled with the reluctance that expresses
clear opinions and many other issues. She also dont have any serious rivals. She also supported
policies that are neo liberal in the first campaign of election as the leader of CDU. Being
underestimated also helped her always. Many of them underestimated her in the peril. She
8

always tries to use prior life experience that helped her in leading ahead in her life. She moves
slowly and take calculated decisions. This quality helps the person to take limited decisions but
they will absolutely lead towards success. Everyone in life has own life experiences that can
drew up. Thus, past experiences of any person may help in achieving long term success to any
businessman.
STEVE JOBS- the main quality of steve jobs is that he is always accept the way that
comes with high level risk. According to him, these risks may help the person to keep themselves
on the path that always leads towards progress. This will also help in accepting the challenges in
effective manner and will also assist in creating successful brand. In addition to this, he never
compromised on the perfection. He never confined his efforts into making huge dollars from
ideas but always kept himself excited in order to come up with exciting and unique innovations.
He usually focus on providing good quality service and products rather than keeping focus on
making money. This helps him in turning his start-up into the brand that is well known in the
whole world.
CONCLUSION
This above report concluded that Leadership and human resource management both are
very important part of the organisation. Leadership is the action of leading the group of people or
ability to do this. Leaders never stop learning and they communicate affectivity as what the
above leaders done. Further, human resource management is also very important as it is
systematic system which is used to manage people within organisation. This report also included
the achievements and failure, strength and weaknesses of Shackleton, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson
Mandela, W. Churchill. Margaret Tatcher, Angela Merket and Steve Jobs. Furthermore, the
leadership style followed by them was also discussed in this report.
9

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Beck, U., 2018. What is globalization?. John Wiley & Sons.
Carrizo, G.A., Lotito, P.A. and Maciel, M.C., 2016. Trust region globalization strategy for the
nonconvex unconstrained multiobjective optimization problem. Mathematical
Programming. 159(1-2). pp.339-369.
Crane, D., Kawashima, N. and Kawasaki, K.I. eds., 2016. Global culture: Media, arts, policy,
and globalization. Routledge.
Fitton, R. A., 2018. Leadership: Quotations from the World's Greatest Motivators. Routledge.
Gilpin, R., 2018. The challenge of global capitalism: The world economy in the 21st century.
Princeton University Press.
Gong, Y., 2015. Global operations strategy. Springer.
Gould-Davies, N., 2016. Russia's Sovereign Globalization: Rise, Fall and Future. Chatham
House.
Hirst, P., Thompson, G. and Bromley, S., 2015. Globalization in question. John Wiley & Sons.
Macedo, D. and Gounari, P., 2015. Globalization of racism. Routledge.
Rawson, C., 2018. Evaluating Mahatma Gandhi: The Qualities of an Effective Leader.
Rees, G. and Smith, P. eds., 2017. Strategic human resource management: An international
perspective. Sage.
Rothaermel, F.T., 2015. Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education,.
Shamir, B. and Eilam-Shamir, G., 2018. “What’s your story?” A life-stories approach to
authentic leadership development. In Leadership Now: Reflections on the Legacy of Boas
Shamir(pp. 51-76). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Turner, J. R. and Baker, R., 2018. A review of leadership theories: identifying a lack of growth
in the HRD leadership domain. European Journal of Training and Development.42(7/8).
pp.470-498.
Watson, I., 2017. Rethinking the politics of globalization: theory, concepts and strategy.
Routledge.
Webb, J., 2015. eHarmony takes next step in its globalization strategy, Business Wire.
10