Leadership and Management

LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
DISCUSSION OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT THEORIES......................................1
Concepts of leadership and management....................................................................................1
Similarities between leadership and management.......................................................................4
Difference between leadership and management........................................................................5
EVALUATION OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME......................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Leadership and management are two most important pillars of an organization which
further helps the organization to grow and survive within the market in which they operate
(Bush, Bell and Middlewood, eds., 2019). However, both leadership and management are
completely different from each other, many times people get mistaken as leadership and
management as same thing but actually are completely differen.t things. Leadership helps an
organization to move towards success whereas management helps an organization to manage,
organize and coordinate their staff members. Leaders are the one who inspire and motivate their
employees in order to enhance their performance. There are various kinds of academic theories
that can help an organization to develop effective leadership which further helps then to achieve
their desired objectives and move towards success. It is important for organizations to develop an
effective, well-managed leadership development program as it helps in supporting behavioural
change from an effective leader’s supervision. Leadership theories plays a vital role in
development of these leadership development programs (Willis, Clarkeand O'Connor, 2017).
These programs have their own benefits like: it enhances productivity, increases employee
engagement, develop positive culture, enhances decision making and resolve any kind of issue or
problems created or occurred within an organization. This essay is about understanding of the
concepts of leadership and management, different kinds of leadership theories that exist,
importance of leadership training and development for organisations, evaluation of leadership
development programme from the NHS Leadership Academy and benefits it has for an
individual and for an organization.
DISCUSSION OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT THEORIES
Concepts of leadership and management
Leadership
Define leadership: There are various definitions of leadership, each of them are have their
specific meaning. Leadership can be defined as a process that helps in influencing or guiding
work and behaviour of others so that they can accomplish specific goals that are desired to be
achieved by them according to a specific situation. Leadership is an ability to induce employees
to work with zeal and confidence (Weiss, Tappen and Grimley, 2019). It can also be said that, it
is a kind of potential to influence others. Leaders are the one with leadership qualities that helps
in developing future vision, motivate organizational people and motivate them to move towards a
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desired vision. Leadership can also be defined as an ability to persuade others to move towards a
defined objective enthusiastically. It is a kind human factor that helps in binding a group together
towards a goal or objective.
Importance of leadership: In order to make an organization successful, leadership plays a vital
role. There are various ways that helps in increasing importance of leadership within an
organization such as: Leadership helps a company in rises management. Excellent leadership
also helps an organization to inspire and motivate their employees which further helps them to
enhance their overall performance (Haile, Emmanuel and Dzathor, 2016). Proper leadership also
helps in developing a clear vision which is required to be achieved. Excellent leadership further
helps in developing excellent relationship between employees and organizations which further
helps organization to enhance their as well as their employee’s performance. An effective
leadership requires different level of management in order to accomplish their objectives and
utilize their people in an appropriate manner in order to increase their performance. Leadership
acts as a base for corporation. They help in developing two-way communication, developed
personal relationship. There are many other reasons that helps in defining importance of
leadership such as: it helps an organization to generate or develop a structured plan for each and
every action that helps them to meet their desired goals and objective on a defined time period
and if leadership is effective then it can help in generation of new and beneficial ideas that can
help in bringing improvement within the business. Effective and appropriate leadership also aims
in restoring and maintaining integrity among subordinates (Gupta, Kulkarniand Khatri, 2018).
Whenever an organization faces a situation of crises then leadership process plays an important
role and helps an organization to tackle the emergency crises situation.
Characteristics of a leader: A good leader requires to have various kinds of characteristics that
makes them an effective leader. Some of the most common and important characteristics of
leadership are as follows:
 Positive attitude: Leaders are required to have a positive attitude so that they can lead a group
of people as an example. Positivity in attitude helps a leader to approach and resolve a proper
in an appropriate manner in order to be resolved.
 Focused approach: Leaders have a specific vision and a focused approach to achieve desired
objectives. Leaders can stay focused in order to achieve desired objectives.
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 Decisive mind: Good leaders need to make good decisions. Effective decision making of
leaders help them to take appropriate judgement that can benefit whole team or organization
(Jefferies and et al., 2016).
 An empowering character: leaders need to focus on empowering talented and skilled
employees in order to ensure achievement of desired goals in a faster manner.
 Communicative ability: One of the most important characteristics of a good leader is their
communication ability: This ability helps them to communicate their vision, desired
objectives to be achieved to their followers in a better manner. They should not only be
above to communicate their point of view but should be able to listen what people around
them are saying in a better manner.
Management
Define Management: management can be defined as a process through which control and
administration affairs of an organization can be done irrespective of organization’s size, nature
and its structure. It can also be defined as an act of creating as well as maintaining business
environment of an organization where all the employees can work together and achieve business
objective in an effective and efficient manner (Mkhomi and et al., 2020). Management of an
organization acts as a guide for its people or employees so that their effects can be coordinated in
order to achieve desired objectives of an organization.
Importance of Management: management plays a vital role within an organization and helps an
organization to grow in many different ways. It helps an organization in achieving their desired
goals, aims and objectives. It also helps an organization to define their objectives clearly to their
employees in a clear manner. It further helps them to maximise their results, by minimizing input
and maximizing output and reduces overall cost. Effective management of an organization, helps
in building and changing organizational environment and helps the organization to grow and
survive within the market in which they operate (Liphadzi, Aigbavboa and Thwala, 2017).
Characteristics of management: there are various kinds of characteristics that are required in
management, some of the management characteristics are as follows:
 Goal oriented: Good management should help an organization to reach their predetermined
objectives in a timely and smoothly manner.
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 Continuous process: It is an ongoing process which is present within an organization. It is
one of the main characteristics of management to focus on smooth ongoing continuous
process.
 Multi-dimensional: management of an organization should be multidimensional and should
not be confused.
 Intangible force: Management of an organization cannot be seen, or touched or felt its
presence (Ololube, Agbor and Agabi, 2017).
Similarities between leadership and management
There are various kinds of similarities between leadership and management, such as:
 Role: Both of them focuses on allocating existing resources in such a way that it can be used
effectively. Both of them share a common goal i.e. to maximize organizational profit and
establish a bottom line of the firm. So, it can be said that they are mainly concerned with goal
achievement.
 Vision: Both of them are anxious to achieve desired goal. For this they work together in
order to achieve a specific set of vision. Each one of them focuses on their main vision such
that they can achieve their desired goals.
 Focus: Both management and leadership focus on working with organizational people or
employees. Both of them involve working with people i.e. being ahead of their people or
followers so that they can make their people move forward in a determined way forwards
towards their desired goals, aims and objectives (Dickinson and et al., 2017).
 Foundation and influence: Both help in maintaining and creating foundation of organization
and its functional structure. Management and leadership can influence overall work
environment and structure as head of the organization as well as of other departments are
required to lead by example for their employees. This is mainly because each individual
working under them work according to their spirit and top management and leadership
designation people can influence people and their work both positively and negatively
(Gould, Gallagher and Allen, 2016).
 Self-awareness: Both top management and leaders should have self-awareness and empathy.
This helps them to get a clarity of way towards their desired goals that are required to be
achieved.
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 Motivation: Both management and leadership focus on motivating their people or employees
or focuses on inspiring them. This helps them to make their employees or people bring
improvement within their overall performance (Al-Zawahreh, Khasawneh and Al-Jaradat,
2019). This further helps them to align their people and resolve any kind of problem that are
faced by leaders, managers or their people.
Difference between leadership and management
Main differences between leadership and management have been explained below in a
brief manner.
Leadership Management
Definition Ability of an individual to
motivate and influence others
in order to contribute towards
success and effectiveness of
their organization.
Directing and controlling
abilities of a person or entities
for coordinating a group of
people to accomplish a goal.
Personality styles They are the one taking risk
and have high level of
imagination.
They focus on goals, structure,
resource availability (Gould,
Gallagher and Allen, 2016).
Managers personalities lean
towards analysis, intelligence,
string will power and
dedication.
Orientation They are normally people-
oriented individuals (Ololube,
Agbor and Agabi, 2017).
They are normally task
oriented individuals.
Focus Their main focus is to lead
people.
Their main focus is to manage
work.
Outcomes Achievements Results
Approach to task They simply look at problems
and creative solutions
They focus on creating
strategies, methods and
policies for smooth operations
of the organization.
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Approach to risk They are the one who take risk
in order to achieve targeted
goals and objectives.
They are the one who tend to
avoid any kind of risk that
comes in the path of achieving
targeted objectives (Liphadzi,
Aigbavboa and Thwala,
2017).
Rome in decision making They have a facilitative role in
decision making
They are completely involved
in decision making.
Styles There are various kinds of
leadership styles but most
common are:
Transformational,
Consultative and Participative
There are various kinds of
management styles but most
common are: Dictatorial,
Authoritative, Autocratic,
Transactional Consultative
and Democratic
Power through Individuals with power and
can influence others (Haile,
Emmanuel and Dzathor,
2016).
They are a kind of formal
authority on a specific
designation.
Organization All kinds of leaders within an
organization have followers
following them.
Managers within n
organization have
subordinates working under
them.
Direction Leaders ask questions from
their followers in order to get
a direction towards their
targeted goal which is required
to be archived (Jefferies and et
al., 2016).
Managers provide directions
to their subordinates in order
to move towards their targeted
goal which is required to be
achieved
Change Leaders mainly focus on
creating a change within
current system or method.
Whereas managers react to
any kind of change within
system or methods.
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To do Leaders mainly show their
followers what is required to
be done
Whereas, managers tell their
subordinates what is required
to be done (Gupta,
Kulkarniand Khatri, 2018).
Ideas Leaders focus on
implementing good ideas in
order to achieve desired
results.
Managers have good ideas that
helps them to achieve desired
results in a better and effective
manner.
Two leadership theories
 Contingency Theory: This theory states that effectiveness of a leader is contingent with the
way in which their leadership style matches with the situation i.e. leaders are required to find
out what leadership style or situation they thrive in. As per this theory there is no best
leadership style and there are excellent leaders only if their leadership style fits with the
situation in an excellent manner. This theory also states that a leader does not depend upon
their abilities, there might be other factors that may work as a success factor for successful
leadership such as working environment, employees, organizational culture and many more.
Base of this approach is quite simple that says that regardless of people’s skills and abilities
they can be excellent within their respective fields. There are various kinds of sub theories
that also falls under this theory such as: path-goal theory, situational leadership, Fiedler’s
Contingency Theory and decision-making theory. For example: Software development
manager is one of the best example of this theory i.e. when two years working experience
person is promoted as a manager of a software company in this situation trust of employees
will be high, task structure will be high but power of the position will be low as the new
manager will not have much authority and power.
 Transformational Leadership: It is a kind of leadership theory in which leaders work within
teams in order to identify change with is needed to be brought, creation of vision in order to
guide their followers towards the change through inspiration and executing the change at last
with committed group members. This leadership can be found at different levels of
organization i.e. within teams, divisions or departments of an organization (Schyns, Gilmore
and Dietz, 2016). Transformational leaders are inspiring, have a charismatic personality and
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are big risk takers. One of the best examples of this type of leadership theory is Steve Jobs as
he constantly challenged his employees to think beyond what they had already done, inspired
them to develop something creative.
EVALUATION OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Importance of leadership training and development for organisations
For all the organisations it is very important to organise programs for development and training
of their leaders there are various reasons which make important (Söderhjelm and et.al., 2018).
Some of the importance of leadership training and development for organisations is as follows
 Leaders of the organisation drive it toward success and profitability hence it is very
important that leaders equipped with all the required skills and knowledge.
 Leaders in the organisation I also required to manage the teams in the organisation this is
why it is very important for them to have team management communication interpersonal
skills development of development of skills is only possible through leadership training
and development.
 Leaders in the organisation leaders in the organisation are the one who is buyers and
influence are the employees in the organisation this is why they are required to have all
the skills which they want to see in their employees.
 Leaders need to be completely efficient so that they are able to make the employees work
in the manner they want them to work (Kaplan and Swensen, 2019). This will enable
Ham to who make the workers work productively efficient and efficiently.
 It is not only organisations that get very fit of WHO leadership individuals are also get
benefit of leadership and self development is important for all the employees of the
organisation through leadership training and development organizations increase and
improve moral and motivation of the employee.
 Through leadership training and development organisation enhance job satisfaction of
the employee this result in more productive performance of the employee.
 Leadership training and development is important because through leadership and
training and development organizations can prepare their future leaders who can take
over the roles of present leaders when the roles of present leaders are vacant.
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 Through leadership training and development NHS can enhance creativity of its
employees. This is also important as when leaders are skilled and competent in their roles
they can inspire and motivate their followers and subordinates to work more creatively.
 Leader can mentor and guide their subordinates for Creative Solutions to theirproblem.
 Organizations when have leadership training in development program they are able to
attract and retain talented and Competent employees in the organisation (Boak and
Crabbe, 2019).
 It becomes easy for organisation to bring and execute transformation in their organisation
when they are having support of skilled and knowledgeable leaders with them.
All these reasons make it important for NHS to have leadership training and development in
the organisation.
Leadership program for NHS leadership Academy
NHS leadership Academy here Edward Jenner program is being selected. This program is
first call for the person who is looking to build a strong base leadership skill this program
helps enhance individuals’ confidence and competence in their role. Edward Jenner program
of leadership Academy helps individual to develop essential skills required for leadership.
This NHS leader leadership program leads to NHS leadership Academy award. This program
helps individuals to deal with daily challenges of working in Healthcare better equipped to
care for patients through these individuals lead services and provide leadership for those
around them.
This program has been developed for all of them who are working in context of Health and
Care. This program is highly practical and focuses on patients this program is a great way to
understand the purpose challenges and culture of the NHS. This program has been chosen
because this is the foundation program for leadership development in NHS Academy.
Is program also having qualities such as flexibility e in lightning which helps individual to
get fresh perspective for the experience of their patients.
Analysis of the Edward Jenner leadership program
Is per the view of Boag, 2019 Edward Jenner program is the first step leadership
development in NHS Academy. In relation with criteria and eligibility for the program
everyone can participate in this program is this is the foundation for leadership development.
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In relation with structure of the program launch contains films, activities send discussion
which includes
How launch work, this means to understand how launch of the program is undertaken by the
leaner of the program.
Why leadership matter, this includes discussion over the importance of leadership.
Stages of personal development, the stages which one follows for the purpose of and in the
process of personal development are discussed in the launch.
Personal values, what are the individual values of the learner refer to personal values.
Level of learning, this is the level of learning and in this program individual learner is at
initial level of learning.
What next, this includes what learners needs to and can do after completion of launch.
Foundation includes-
 Understanding person centred care. It is very important for individual learner to
understand person centred care because they are working in health and care context.
 Methods of understanding the patient experience. All the patients in health and care
have different experience and along with that all the patients give different experience
to staff in health and care (Shawhan, Boyd and Nelson, 2018). Foundation includes
understanding methods of patient experience.
 Leadership behaviour for person cantered care. Leadership behaviour in person
centred care is different from other areas this is why focus of leader remains on
person in health and care.
 Challenges in health care. Foundation in program also includes identification of
challenges in health care as there are various challenges which are faced by patients
and people in health and care.
 Healthcare leadership model. This is important to understand at the beginning of the
learning of leadership. This is also included in the foundation of the program.
 Giving and receiving feedback. This is very useful that person can know what they
have learned and how much they have learned. Giving and receiving feedback
increase and expend their knowledge and are able to understand themselves more.
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As per the view of Marshall and Kay, 2019this program is for old colleagueswho are new to
leadership and are trying to identify what skies it mean. This also acts for that nursing and
clinical staffs who agrees newly qualified. All the individuals who ate new to health and care
or who are aspiring leaders at three start of their career they are perfect candidate for this
program.
This program includes Eligibility criteria-
 Individuals from clinical and non clinical background.
 Newly qualified clinician.
 Who are new or those who are returning to clinical role.
 Those who aspire to be leader.
 Healthcare professional student or trainee.
In relation with training method of Edward Jenner program it is a course which is delivered
available online and learners can complete and train themselves in their own time and at their
own pace.
Intended outcome of this program is to deliver foundation level leadership training to
individuals who are associated with health and care industry.
Benefits of the Leadership Program for Individuals
The program has been designed for those who are new in health and care. Those who are
aspiring leaders and agree start at their leadership journey.
Individuals individual scan invest in their personal leadership development through the
program of NHS leadership Academy (Howarth and et.al., 2017). Leadership programs are
free and available online individuals can study in their personal time.
Another benefit for individuals is that they can become wider part of an NHS Academy
membership which connects them with other Health and Care colleagues. Networking with
colleagues and peers help them to share and receive ideas, they can solve difficult problems
and build they don’t support network.
It is really important that before moving to a program which is for those who are working at
higher level of leadership, they are provided foundation and initial training of leadership.
Individuals also have benefit that they can apply new skills they learn in the program and
can make immediate improvement in their skills and can get practical exposure of the skills
and knowledge immediately after their theoretical experience.
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Benefits to Organisation
This program helps all the employees and staff in Health and Care regardless of their duties
in the Health and Care context and regardless of their level of work in NHS (Oxtoby, 2018).
This means that all the staff of NHS get can get benefit and improve their performance in
organisation.
This program helps NHS to give support to the professionals in Health and Care at their first
step up in leadership. This is beneficial for them as they can hire those employees in the
workplace and they can get direct benefit of the expertise and knowledge of the workers.
Launch in foundation program are delivered online this means that NHS does not have to
compromise with performance of their employees at workplace and individuals can none in
their own time.
The program offers practical content which means that participants can apply new skills and
work on them at the workplace within their initial role. Program offers practical content and
learners are able to apply that knowledge directly in their work (Oxtoby, 2018). This helps
learners to get immediate insights about what they have learned.
CONCLUSION
From the above essay it has been summarized that leadership and management are two
different concepts that together helps an organization to move towards success. Leadership helps
in influencing behaviour and work of individuals; it further helps in accomplishing desired goals
and objectives. Leadership have a potential to influence and motivate others. It has been analysed
that management of an organization helps in in controlling and administrating organizational
affairs irrespective of organization’s size, nature and its structure. It has been concluded that in
order to create and maintain an effective business environment leadership and management both
are important. Leadership requires an effective management in order to sun an organization
successfully and achieve growth. However, it can be said that both leadership and management
both have various kinds of similarities such as both focuses on using existing resources in an
effective and efficient manner in order to achieve desired common goal. Both of them have self-
awareness and empathy which helps them to get a clarity of the way in which desired goals, aim
and objectives can be achieved. There are various kinds of leadership development programs that
are provided by NHS leadership academy which further helps people to develop leadership
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regardless of their experience or background. Some of the most common leadership development
programs of NHS leadership academy are: Edward Jenner programme, Mary Seacole programme
and many more. Each programme has different components and helps in addressing eligibility
criteria’s, programme structure, have different training methods and intended outcomes. Each
leadership programme has different benefits for both individual and for the organization as well.
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