Organizational Leadership | Report

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Running head: LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION
LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION
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1LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION
1. Introduction
Background of leadership
Organizational leadership is considered as a managerial approach or leadership approach
of a leader to work towards the best of a particular individual (Ghasabeh, Soosay & Reaiche,
2015).. It is the attitude of an individual to lead from the top, middle, or bottom of an
organization. It is the responsibility of the leaders and managers of the business organization to
motivate and inspire other individuals to carry out business activities towards fulfilling the goals
and objectives of the business organization (Ghasabeh, Soosay & Reaiche, 2015).. The leaders
of the business organization understand the roles of others and coordinate them to produce
organizational outputs.
2. External environment and strategic challenge – 200
Leadership challenges faced by Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs is considered as one of the most passionate and incredible leaders of the
world. However, he faced various challenges and struggles (Heracleous & Klaering, 2014).. His
ousting from Apple Inc was big failure in his life. Jobs were forced to resign his own company
before returning in Apple back in 1997. Steve jobs have handled the situation and turned it into
opportunity. The employees of Apple described him as “erratic and temperamental” behavior
(Heracleous & Klaering, 2014).. He faced other problems such as increasing sells and market
share. He was an unconventional leader and he demanded excellence from his employees. This
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2LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION
led him to gain blunt delivery of criticism. The employees of the company failed to consider him
as a leader.
3. Strategic vision
The vision and mission of Steve jobs was to initiate breakthrough innovations and
product development (Jobs, 2014). Steve jobs was recently during that situation, however, he
was highly determined and started his new company, neXT. The leader never counted on anyone
but himself. He refined his visions and got his way back. He was successful is research his
outcome (Krapfl & Kruja, 2015). The software division of his next company was highly
successful. He laid down all his efforts into new enterprises and refined his visions until he was
successful. He believed in moving forward.
4. Leader:
Style of leadership
Steve jobs implemented a situational and autocratic leadership style. This style of
leadership is advantageous in some situations; however it might be ineffective in other situation.
He offered a more autocratic style of leadership (Maner, 2016). He was highly authoritative in
nature who disregards the opinions and inputs from other team members. His decisions are based
on his ideas rather than solid evidence. He was a task oriented leader who mainly focused on
organizational performance (Mittal, 2015).
Benefits and disadvantages of the style
Autocratic leadership does not require approval of team members for taking initiatives. It
does not require motivational needs for the employees and the team members (Niebuhr, Voße &
Brem, 2016). This type of leadership style and approach is highly effective in critical work
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3LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION
situations where any type of errors is intolerable. This type of leadership style is directly
contradictory with the approaches and styles of today’s corporate world. However, there are
disadvantages such as it increased the work burden of employees (Renko et al., 2015). It
increases frustration and grievance among the employees and team members. The autocratic
leaders remain busy and stressed with their work while paying little attention to other workers
and employees. The rules and procedures are quiet rigid and they prioritize consistency in job
performance. At various times, this leads to corporate success.
Employees’ viewpoint about the leader
There were constant conflicts and disagreements with the leader and other members of
the business organization. The authoritarian style of leader lacked overall accountability. There
was reduced work morale among the employees (Sethuraman & Suresh, 2014). The employees
of Apple described him as “erratic and temperamental” behavior. However, many employees
stated that he did not completely disregard their feelings, he listened to their ideas. He was
excessively proud and confident of his managerial and leadership style (Shamim et al., 2016).
Many employees are of the opinion that he had a demanding personality who only demanded
excellence from the employees.
5. Leading others
Kinds of influence and authority used by the leader
Despite having personality flaws, Steve Jobs was an able leader to create something
great. He directed his struggles and efforts through tasks and performance. He successfully
influenced and motivated his employees to perform the task with a strong desire. As a successful

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4LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION
leader he shared his passion with other staffs and employees (Steinwart & Ziegler, 2014). Steve
was highly driven by his motivation to create innovative products which would be profitable for
the business organization. He influenced and motivated his leaders to believe that they could do
something great.
How effective was this
Steve Jobs faced criticisms due to his nature and string personality. Many employees and
other managers faced conflicts with the co-founder. They considered him as a thoughtless
employer was unapproachable and isolated (Jobs, 2014). However, many are of the opinion that
his strong personality and authoritative approach to leadership brought in success for the
business organization. He brought in all his passion, emotionalism, and intensity while inventing
and bringing innovations in his products. Hence this style and approach was highly effective
(Krapfl & Kruja, 2015).
How appropriate was this
The leaders’ combination of personality and strong leadership approach has made the
company what it is today. In the opinion of Steve Jobs, one must consider the results. He was
highly successful at motivating his team and employees, yet facing accusations regarding his
leadership approach and personality flaws (Krapfl & Kruja, 2015). Although he was titled as
“old fashioned leadership”, he believed in what he did. He mainly focused on personal qualities
and charisma. Steve Jobs did not consider leadership as a responsibility; he focused on his
passion and results. He did not trust any other member of his organization, he had trust issues.
His aggressiveness and strict nature led to the success of the business organization. Hence, it can
be said his influence and authority was appropriate (Maner, 2016).
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5LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION
6. Organization
Organizational culture and structure
The culture of the business organization is the main reason behind its success. The
corporate culture of the business organization supports various strategic objectives. The cultural
traits of the business organization are in alignment with Apple’s Innovations. Therefore, it can be
said that its cultural traits are the major factors which strengthens its competitiveness in
consumer electronics industry (Niebuhr, Voße & Brem, 2016). Through the leadership is Steve
Jobs, the business organization continues to enhance its cultural traits and support various
business activities. The corporate culture has a unique corporal style. The company has a flat
organizational ad hoc structure.
Leader’s style and influence
It is apparent that there has been contradiction. Steve successfully influenced his
employees and shared his passion with the employees. His efforts were showcased through tasks
and structures. He influenced his employees and ensured that they make something great. His
focused on tasks and performance (Niebuhr, Voße & Brem, 2016). His strong personality and
firm attitude towards his work was an important factor of success.
Benefits and disadvantages of culture and structure
The structure of the business organization is suitable for solving complex problems. This
organizational structure encourages innovation and creativity which is highly necessary for the
business organization (Steinwart & Ziegler, 2014). Moreover, it removes middle level
management and hierarchy. This facilitates effective communication and decision making in the
business organization. However, it has been argued that there are various disadvantages of flat
structure. It creates power struggle in the company. Lack of direction sometimes creates
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6LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION
confusion among the employees. This might hinder growth and decrease the level of motivation
among the employees (Maner, 2016).
7. Evaluation of the leader
Leadership approach of the leader
As per the opinion Krapfl & Kruja, (2015), Steve Jobs was a task oriented leader who
mainly focused on tasks and performance. The employees are of the opinion that, he listened to
their ideas. He was confident about his leadership style and managerial approach. He demanded
excellence from his employees despite criticisms. Due to his demanding personality he was fired
from his own company. As stated by Steve Job, excellence is something that is expected in
Apple’s environment. Steve Jobs seemed to be old fashioned leaders. He emphasizes of his
confidence and personal qualities (Mittal, 2015). As per the employees he was unapproachable,
yet his confidence and strong leadership approach made him a successful leader. However, after
Steve Jobs resigned from the company, it continued to face looses and lost much of its market
share. After he left the company, it faced difficulties in its sales and profitability.
Overall performance of the leader
Steve Jobs is considered as one of the most passionate and celebrated leader in the
consumer electronics industry. The leadership approach of Steve Jobs can be defined by his
leadership style and personality.

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7LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION
8. Conclusions – Insights learned from leadership
In conclusion it can be said that Steve Jobs had a strong leadership style which enabled
him to gain sustainable organizational changes. The leadership styles of Steve Jobs and confident
nature saved the business organization from bankruptcy to one of the leading companies in the
world. As an authoritative leader, he mainly focused on tasks and performance. He implemented
his creativity, passion, and confidence to build innovative products. This enabled him to gain
satisfied customer needs and requirements.
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8LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION
References
Ghasabeh, M. S., Soosay, C., & Reaiche, C. (2015). The emerging role of transformational
leadership. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(6), 459-467.
Heracleous, L., & Klaering, L. A. (2014). Charismatic leadership and rhetorical competence: An
analysis of Steve Jobs’s rhetoric. Group & Organization Management, 39(2), 131-161.
Jobs, S. (2014). Steve Jobs. Fall River Press.
Krapfl, J. E., & Kruja, B. (2015). Leadership and culture. Journal of Organizational Behavior
Management, 35(1-2), 28-43.
Maner, J. (2016). Good bosses switch between two leadership styles. Harvard Business Review.
Mittal, R. (2015). Charismatic and transformational leadership styles: A cross-cultural
perspective. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(3), 26.
Niebuhr, O., Voße, J., & Brem, A. (2016). What makes a charismatic speaker? A computer-
based acoustic-prosodic analysis of Steve Jobs tone of voice. Computers in Human
Behavior, 64, 366-382.
Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L., & Brännback, M. (2015). Understanding and
measuring entrepreneurial leadership style. Journal of Small Business
Management, 53(1), 54-74.
Sethuraman, K., & Suresh, J. (2014). Effective leadership styles. International Business
Research, 7(9), 165.
Shamim, S., Cang, S., Yu, H., & Li, Y. (2016, July). Management approaches for Industry 4.0: A
human resource management perspective. In 2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary
Computation (CEC) (pp. 5309-5316). IEEE.
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9LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION
Steinwart, M. C., & Ziegler, J. A. (2014). Remembering Apple CEO Steve Jobs as a"
Transformational Leader": Implications for Pedagogy. Journal of Leadership
Education, 13(2).
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