Leadership and Management: Factors, Development, and Role in Business

This report discusses the characteristics of a successful leader, theories on leadership development, and the differences between leadership and management. It also presents personal experiences on the importance of leadership in the workplace.

Leadership and Management
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Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
Question-1..................................................................................................................................3
Question-2..................................................................................................................................5
Question-3..................................................................................................................................7
Question-4................................................................................................................................10
Conclusion................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................12
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INTRODUCTION
Leadership is the act of leading people and guiding them to achieve the goals by
influencing with owns characteristics like intelligence, cognition, communication, motivation
etc. whereas management is the task to plan, organize, coordinate and control to achieve
targets (Guzmán, 2020) In the report the characteristics which are involved in being a
successful leader would be discussed, and arguments would be presented that leadership
qualities can be developed. For the purpose some theories like Kartz three skills and
Mumford's full skills models shall be evaluated. The factors or elements which perseverates
leadership from management will be taken into consideration and at the end of the report
owns learnt experiences about leadership on the performed module will be presented.
Question-1
FACTORS INVOLVED IN A SUCCESSFUL LEADER
Leader refers to such person who takes the accountability of paving the way for its
team to get success, the person who inspires others by its traits in order to guide them for
achieving the goals. There are many of such abilities a great leader possesses so can place
example before its followers and make them perform their best to ace the goals.
A successful leader possesses many of such qualities like ability of keeping all people
together, taking initiatives, being fearless, compassionate for the work, skilful, and ability to
present itself as a role model before its followers. To make the discussion clear there are
many of such theories who defines leader from different perspective as-
Great Man Theory-
Thomas Carlyle who is the man proposed the theory in the late 19th century (Hai,
2021) The theory is considered conventional since the arguments are presented in it. The
theory claims that great leaders can not be made they are born and as per the need of time
they get emerged and become great leaders.
As per the theory such born leaders posses a range of good qualities which are gifted
and unique in nature which also make them recognized among masses. They people own
higher intellect, heroic courage, ability of taking initiatives, divine inspiration, unique
individuals and many more such natural attributes, so as per the theory all such natural
attributes are involved in being a successful leader.
The theory is also abused since it has shown great inclination to the natural attributes
which are already there in such person from its birth, Because the theory is traditional so
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considered masculine traits in a leader which is not fitting in the modern frame of leadership.
Ralph Stogdill's Common Traits-
Mr Stogdill also presented his ideas on the leadership and what traits are needed in a
good leader.
As per his views ones can not be a good leader since owing some great traits but it
largely depends on the prevailing circumstances too and how such person performs in those
situations actually decides its success in leadership.
He advocated that some traits are necessary to be there like Capacity, achievement
responsibility, participation and status (Sony and Naik, 2020) but solely having these traits
would not help much. For being a successful leader ability of adaption as per the requirement
of time and situation is the biggest phenomenon. Capacity and responsibility would make the
performance tasks easier and achievement, participation and status would help to make others
attracted so can ace success.
Trait's approach-
Trait approach of leadership has been propounded by Thomas Carlyle, it shares its
roots with great man theory. The theory also believes that for being a strong and successful
leaders some set of such traits are needed to ace accomplishment in the act of leadership. As
per the theory for being a good leader qualities or some traits like- intelligence, integrity,
determination, self-confidence and sociability etc.
By such aristocratic traits a person can put example before its followers. The qualities
like being skilful and having charismatic knowledge affects others and make them follow
their leaders. Qualities like integrity and strong determination such traits not only escalate the
ability to perform on merit but also ignite others who come in contact of such person (Krekó
and Enyedi, 2018)
For example- Steve Jobs who was founder of Apple incorporation had such traits like his
charisma of performing his duty, ability of communication, convincing his colleagues,
working hard till grab the aim these all phenomenon or rigorous traits of Steve Jobs made
him one of the greatest leader of all time.
Other example- One of the most admired leader of present time is Elon Musk and it is due to
his enormous ability of using his traits for achieving the dreams. Like his celerity of mission,
problem solving ability, aggressive optimism, ability of keeping all the members of the team
together etc.
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Question-2
DEVELOPMENT OF GOOD LEADERSHIP
Modern approaches of leadership believe that leadership is not a by birth phenomenon
it can be developed by some set of efforts. Human being possesses a great constellation of
skills and by indulging itself with greater inclination brings excellence to him. Keeping the
argument in mind it would be fair to say, as other skills are developed by human being then
for sure leadership skills can also be nourished.
Leadership skills development- as other skills' leadership is also a talent or skill which can be
robust by efforts and going through some efforts. There are some practices which are
supposed to be followed in order to make the leadership skills thrive. For instance a person
who wants to embed better leadership qualities need to inculcate some abilities like- taking
on more and more work and projects so can learn more by facing challenges, other things like
being aware of prevailing situations, striving to resolve conflicts of peers or people working
under (Vrchota, 2020)
Some other works like need to learn regularly, having good skill of following others
and listening to great leaders carefully. For keeping itself inspired may use different
approaches for instance reading other leaders, finding solutions in bad time, ignoring
uncontrollable events etc.
Kartz Three skills model- as per the view of Katz there are three main traits which may
make a person great leader. For being a leader it is not needed to get birth with such traits but
a person can enhance its leadership skills with these three skills-
1) Technical skills- a person who wants to be a good leader it is essential for him to have
better command on its technical skills. Technical skills refers to knowledge of owns
subject domain, or the knowledge of the subjects in which a person is going to work.
If a person wants to be a good leader and working in certain field so having
knowledge of the work, understanding of the circumstances and their impact, critical
technical skills, office based competencies etc (Artamonova, Tarasova and Blaginin,
2019)
2) Conceptual skills- these are the most prominent skills for high level leaders. Having
subject and domain knowledge is not sufficed for being a smart leader having
conceptual understanding is quite essential. Ability of making plan or strategic plans
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for the company considering values, mission, policies, ethics, objectives etc. into
consideration.
3) Human skills- Which is also known as Interpersonal skills. What separates a leader
from a manager is its ability to affects people who are working under him. Qualities
like communicating, making people believe in their aims, guiding them timely in
order to ace the goals these interpersonal skills make a person a great leader.
Understanding the followers and as per their suitability transmitting information is
such a skill which gives upper hand to the leader and helps in thriving leadership
skills.
Mumford's full skills model- It examines the relationship between the skills and
performance of a leader. As per its views capabilities make effective leadership and those
capabilities can be developed over the time. As per his views there are some capabilities like
General cognitive ability, crystallized cognitive ability, motivation factors, personality
characteristics these all are those capabilities which make a person great leader.
Mainly such components are divided among five parts which are as- Individual
attributes, Competencies, Leadership Outcomes, Career Experiences and Environmental
Influences. If a person utilizes these elements with proper efficiency then can be a good
leader (Megheirkouni and Mejheirkouni, 2020)
For example- there are many of such leaders by making mistakes and improving their
capabilities they have been successful in leadership. Like Elon Musk whose projects were not
getting intended success but by escalation of intellectual and cognitive capabilities he
grabbed his aims and proved himself the best leader.
One another instance- Abraham Lincoln is one of such example the person who faced a
range of failures but his cognitive ability, motivation and ability to influence its followers not
only made him one of the most successful leader but also proved that leaders do not get birth
by some competencies and capabilities they can be thrived and perform better in the field
(Tariq, and Abonamah, 2021)
So from the discussion above it can be concluded that leadership is such a skill which
can be developed by a person if its escalates some capabilities in order to perform better in
the realm of leadership. These traits, qualities, skills may vary in different circumstances but
by better adaption of the prevailing situations pave the way be being a good leader.
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Question-3
Leadership- it refers to the ability of people and group or community to influence
other members of enterprise.
Management- it is defined the way in which perform different activities and
implementing an effective strategy of enterprise (Al Derei and Musa, 2022). For example- A
manager of M&S accomplish its appropriate objectives with the help of different resources
such as technological, human resources and information technological.
Role of leader and manager-
Leader Manager
Leaders are created a specific vision, setup
a direction and align with business
objectives.
The role of manager is to make an effective
plan, organise and create a proper budget for
handling business activities
A good leaders are always inspiring and
motivating staff members to achieve
desirable goals or objectives.
The manager is always pushing staff to
achieve them.
A leader can be improved thinking of
employees so that they can build a strong
team in the organisation.
A great manager will be changing the
current goals into specific business
missions.
Table: 1
By using Blake & Mouton’s Management and leadership, it can be identified the role of
leadership in different situations.
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Figure: 1 Blake & Mouton’s Management and leadership
(Source: Blake & Mouton’s Management and leadership, 2022)
 Concern for the production (task) - In this phase, a manager of enterprise is mainly
focused on the production process of enterprise and providing direction to the
subordinates towards goals of product development. For example- In M&S, manager
will focus on planning and emphasizes the demand and provide the accurate schedules
of task activities.
 Concern for people (relationship) - In this phase, it is focused on the relationship
where how a manager will build with other staff members. For example- In M&S,
manager will be trying to interact with staff members (Kalpokas and Radivojevic,
2021). In order to create an open communication and develop team work. This kind of
process is helping to achieve desirable goals or objectives.
 Management of impoverished- Manager has achieved a low score in terms of
production and labelled as representing different kind of management style. For
example- In M&S, manager focuses on the putting efforts to maintain a good
interpersonal relationship. it motives for managerial behaviour of people.
 Management of country club- manager and leader that score a low in terms of
production. It is considered appropriate management style and pay more attention
towards security. For example- In M&S, manager beliefs on the needs for
accommodation and increase the performance of staff members. It emphasis of
manager is given to the individual rather than other work outcomes.
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 Management related to the authority compliance- this kind of style is mainly used
by manager in the organisation and increases the level of production and low on the
people concern. Efficiency in business operations, manager will be trying to use a
proper compliance and providing the better opportunity for staff members such as
rewards, bonuses.
 Management related to the middle of road- the score of manager is medium and
maintain level of production. For example- In M&S, manager would try to balance
performance between organisation’s and needs of staff members. In this way, it helps
to avoid conflict issues between staff members during task management.
 Team management- if a manager score the high in terms of production and high on
the people concern. It can be possible due to the team management style. This kind of
approach relies having on the making a better subordinates and encouraging a strong
commitment, team work.
With reference of Mintzberg’s management role, managers are playing important role in
order to categorise into different clusters such as interpersonal, decisional and informational.
In the context of interpersonal cluster, manager plays an important role to participate into
different social activities or event such as training program management. On the other hand,
the role of leadership is to motivate or inspire people and build a strong coordination with
multiple stakeholders (Purwati and Setiawan, 2022). In terms of Informational cluster, it is
becoming crucial aspects in order to identify that manager of M&S communicate, monitor,
manage or distribute all necessary information at different level.
In the context of decisional part, manager is responsible for eliminating disruptions in
financial, human resources, technological activities. Mission for manager is to increase
profitability as well as productivity of enterprise. The vision of leader is influence staff
members and achieve desirable goals and objectives. The role of manager in terms of
business execution process are improving the level of production and delivery services across
global world.
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Question-4
In my personal experience, I have been shared the opinion about the learning where I
am using at workplace. As growing the business needs, it is important to understand the
power of leader and how they can easily handle complex situation or condition in proper
manner.
I have critically chosen the “Steve Rowe” as leader of M&S firm. He was great
leadership ability and capability to influence their staff members towards organisational goals
achievements. In order to express personal opinion and sharing that Steve Rowe uses
leadership qualities such as self-awareness, strategic thinking, civic-minded and cross-
cultural communication or interaction. These are different qualities associated with Steve
Rowe leader and impacts on the M&S business positively (Santosa, 2022). By using different
qualities, a leader can take important decision through strategic thinking and also motivating
other people so that every can share their opinion or view point. This kind of process will
help for leader to implement effective policies and procedures. On the other hand, the power
of motivation ability is the most common quality of leader and used by Steve Rowe, a leader
to handle the critical business situation in proper manner.
I have been considered the French & Raven’s forms of power theory in order to focus
on the leadership ability of leader. To understand the work of leaders and applied in the
different forms. Generally, I have found that a leader could be used the power and influence
other in different forms.
In the context of Coercive power, a leader is able to punish a people for non-
compliances at workplace. I have analysed that a leader can be used their power and abuse
their staff members. This kind of approach is directly associated with negative behaviour of
people. On the other hand, I have focused on the legitimate power which helps to improve
ability of individuals and re-connect with obligation, responsibility to the management. For
example- a leader in enterprise have been executed certain kind of punishment, rewards. It is
becoming important aspect in terms of legislation power (Santosa, 2022). I have developed
ability to understand the power of leader and convince people for others. By using referent
power, A leader can be used their ability in terms of administer who have gained personal
acceptance and sense of approval. In the combination of individual’s power have supported in
corporate strategy and handle critical situation under specific circumstances.
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According to French & Raven theory, I have been applied a reward power within
organisation to increase the level of production through monitoring work. But in some cases,
it is very difficult to create a materialistic thing and reward a large of associated, eliminate
uncertain road-locks and ensure that finding the best possible solution (Swanson and et. al.,
2022). For example- A leader can use reward power and promoting the significant role of
every employees in the workplace. This kind of strategy is useful for enterprise to achieve
desirable goals and objectives.
By using Hersey-Blanchard model, A leader can be used the tasks-based leadership
style and create a strong relationship with staff members at workplace. On the basis of
situational, a leader will try to fulfil a specific demand of employees and finding the right
balance between supportive nature and directive approach (Swanson and et. al., 2022). It
implies that what a leader extent and emphasis on the concern about the effective tasks and
focused on the development. In general, a level of directive behaviour or attitude is always
influenced the leader to understand the development level of business across global world.
Conclusion
In above discussion, it has concluded that role of leader and manager plays an
important in the organisation to achieve desirable goals or objective. In this report, it has been
discussed the characteristics of leader or manager where how they were involved in business
operational activities. Discussed and arguments on the leadership qualities which can be used
or applied in the organisation. Based on the analysis, it has been examined the purpose
different theories or models such as Kartz three skills and Mumford's full skills models.
These are provided the right direction for leader or manager to achieve desirable goals and
objectives. The documentation has been describe the different factors or elements that uses in
the leadership and management, considering an important approach in the business success.
Furthermore, it can be differentiated the role of leader and managers, identifying the
significance of leadership and management. Moreover, it has been summarised the
Mintzberg’s management role and focused on the comparison such as mission, vision. It
reflects on the concept of learning and understanding where a leader gained through
experiences, French & Raven power and heresy & Blanchard’s situational based approach.
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REFERENCES
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Guzmán, V. E., 2020. Characteristics and Skills of Leadership in the Context of Industry
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Hai, T. N., 2021. Digital transformation: Opportunities and challenges for leaders in the
emerging countries in response to COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging Science Journal.
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Santosa, A.M., 2022. Character Based Leadership In Higher Quality
Improvement. International Journal of Education, Information Technology, and
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Sony, M. and Naik, S., 2020. Critical factors for the successful implementation of Industry
4.0: a review and future research direction. Production Planning & Control. 31(10).
pp.799-815.
Swanson, S. and et. al., 2022. Leading for multidimensional sport employee well-being: the
role of servant leadership and teamwork. Sport Management Review. pp.1-23.
Tariq, M. U. and Abonamah, A. A., 2021. Role of game-based teaching in leadership skills
development. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal. 27. pp.1-15.
Vrchota, J., 2020. Critical success factors of the project management in relation to industry
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Online
Blake & Mouton’s Management and leadership, 2022 [online] Available through:
<https://www.business-to-you.com/blake-mouton-managerial-grid/>
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