Leadership and Management in Nonprofit Organizations: A Case Study of Hiring Volunteers

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Ch 3. METHODOLOGY* (Approximately 20% of total word count)
INTRODUCTION
Research methodology is defined as the set of such techniques and procedures that are being
used within the research in order to attain research objectives. These methods are used in
order to determine, select, analyse and process data within the chosen topic. Research
methodology is that significant procedure which is holding high degree of significance within
the research as this leads the researcher to attain overall aims and objectives within the
research so that path of managing the research can be developed (Al-Ababneh, 2020). The
section of research methodology allows the researcher in analysing such techniques to the
research in which overall validity to the research can be proven and at the same time overall
reliability can also be exerted within research with the help of research methodologies.
Researcher need to gather data by their own so that they can execute the overall research and
attain its objectives as well. With the help of selecting such methods, this is easier for
researcher that to understand such methods by which data will be collected and the same will
be analysed (Kumar, 2018). Basically there are two major types of research methodologies
such as quantitative and qualitative. Using appropriate method to the research, results can be
obtained by researcher which would be helping in managing the research in desired manner.
Research methodology encompasses the way in which the overall research will be executed
and this way barriers within research can be eliminated and in easy manner research results
can be obtained.
3.1 RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY
Research philosophy chosen for the current research is interpretivism instead of
positivism in research philosophy. Interpretivism research philosophy is defined as
the concept which is based on the principle that states that the investigator conducts
the observation and plays a specific role in the social world. This is a type of
research philosophy which is based and depends upon the interest of the
investigator. Interpretivism is considered as the qualitative research methodology
which mainly focuses on the individual belief and motivation in order to gain the
description of the social phenomena and culture. The reason behind choosing this
research philosophy is such that it focuses on the subjective experience of the
people and how it can construct the social world by simply sharing their meanings
and interacting among themselves so that the relationship can be created among the
researchers and the people (Pandey and Pandey, 2021). Interpretivism basically
denotes a methodological approach in which the social scientific study is performed
so that the philosophy such as phenomenology can be focused in the real world
situations. This is the research philosophy which basically encompasses the different
perspectives and social theories which impress the view of the real-time

circumstances which are socially constructed and give the meaning with the help of
factors in order to understand the events. researchers focus on the complexities of
the meaning of the investigation which is enacted in the form of symbols and
language along with the social interactions. There are some advantages of
interpretivism which has helped the investigator in choosing this type of research
philosophy in the current research. Such as it is qualitative in nature and has the
subjective view which builds up the rapport with the participant and also achieves the
facts and figures data which is numerical in nature which has the validity and
researcher imposition (Davidavičienė, 2018). The reason behind not choosing
positivism in research philosophy is such that it believes in the inferences and
conclusions of the objectives which can be reached as long as the investigator is
performing the observation on the objectives which is not regarded in the form of
emotions. human behaviour naturally comes from the emotional responses and
positivism motivates the researcher to disregard the human emotion and behaviour.
Therefore this cannot be guaranteed that this can occur at all times at the time of
studies. Another reason for not choosing the positivism research philosophy is the
inflexibility of this type of research philosophy. There are some investigators which
believe that positivism can be measured and calculated easily. But positivism
research philosophy disregards the phenomena which are unexplained in nature.
This is a belief which can eliminate lateral thinking and is also considered as a
procedure of finding the answers in a creative and indirect way to solve the problem
which is not suitable for the current research. That is why this is the reason the
interpretivism research philosophy is chosen over positivism research philosophy
(Nayak and Singh, 2021). Qualitative research is chosen and what is the current
research and it is defined as the open ended questions in the form of interviews. It
provides the unique data relationship through which the analysis and interpretation
can be done by gathering the individual opinions from the open ended questions.
There are several advantages of qualitative research which are suitable for the
current research undertaken. This is a type of research which helps in understanding
the attitude and also supports in generating the content. Moreover, it is time and
money efficient which provides the view which are specific to the particular industry
covered in the current investigation. It permits the creativity which drives force and it
provides the procedure which is always open ended so that the incorporation of the
human experiences can be faced by the investigator for providing the relevant
information in the current research. It is flexible in nature and offers more protective
qualities which allows the human instinct to play a role and be a part of the primary
form of investigation for the current research. This type of research is basically
based on the incoming data and available data because it allows the detail oriented
data which is to be collected for the current research. These are the reasons why the
qualitative form of data is used in the current research. The reason behind not
choosing the quantitative form of research because of its disadvantages and not
suitability in the current form of research. This is a type of method which does not
consider the meaning of social phenomena and because of this each and every
answer provided from an individual in this research method stands on its own. This is
research which sometimes generates unnatural environments and some of the
efforts are randomisation that cannot create any usable information for the current
research. Moreover there is no access to the specific feedback and this is a type of
research which has the investigation in a very expensive Manner. Answers gathered
from the quantitative form of research are always in doubt because it can lack the
accuracy in the final results. It has the individual characteristics which are not

suitable for the current Research and cannot always be applied to the general
population. These are the reasons why the quantitative form of research is not
undertaken while conducting the current research (Mohajan, 2018).
3.2 RESEARCH STRATEGY
Researchers conduct interviews sessions to generate specific information and details and
arrange in-depth interviews with one leader & one management officer, but the most of my
time will be spent with two volunteers, for a set of four. Researcher determined that manager
or the team in the company, drawing the volunteer work at a special needs school and
experience interviewing single mothers for the Hong Kong Single Parents Association. In this
scenario, research method qualitative research methodology will be more appropriate, and the
approach will be more flexible, as well as allowing some fascinating information to be
collected throughout the data collection process (Clarke and Visser, 2019). Based on this
study, this research should provide some information, some knowledge & useful references to
comparable non-profits, which will be useful to certain other organizations in which
volunteers are a part of the group. In this scenario, a convenience sample will be more
appropriate; nonetheless, because this is a purposive sampling, a heterogeneous sample will
be considered. Considering the limited resources available, researcher will enable the
organization to use the status within the team to obtain interesting and important information
(Bairagi and Munot, 2019). The current research has chosen the purposive of sampling
qualitative research. It is also known as the selective sampling which is defined as the
sampling technique which is used by the qualitative researchers in order to recruit the
participants which can help in delivering the in-depth and detailed data about the research
undertaken on the specific topic. It basically provides the non probability sample which is
based on the different characteristics and the specific population group in the entire study. It
is a procedure which is also known as the judgemental sampling but the actual framework
remains the same. The reasons behind choosing this type of sampling is such that it provides
the advantage to the investigator in the current research such as it helps in the numerous
qualitative research designs. It has supported the accuracy and reliability of the information
gathered from the people which is also considered as an opportunity to create generalizations
from the data which is one of the most effective methods of accuracy and measurement used
in the current investigation. Moreover, it involves more than one face which helps in saving
time and money at the time of collecting the data is also considered as the effective and
efficient way of using the sampling method in the current research. This helps and targets the
niche demographics in order to obtain the specific points of data so that the in-depth detailing
of the information can be performed for better analysis and interpretation (Ledford and Gast,
2018). This type of sampling helps in the possibility to achieve the maximum level of
variation which further helps the investigators to look at the averages in the data and also can
glean the information from more than one extremes of the population groups. Investigators
can select anyone from the population for the study in this type of sampling so that the
information or data collected has a low margin of error and opinions gathered can be relevant
for the current research. Moreover, it can produce results which are available in the real-time
and this also helps in the future studies on the same topic which is conducted in the current
research.
3.3 RESEARCH DESIGN
The chosen approach for the current research is the inductive research approach. It
is defined as the method or procedure which helps in the specific observations and
measurement along with the detection of patterns and regularities of the data
collected. It has the ability to formulate some of the tentative hypotheses which