Leadership and Management Theories and Practices in Marks & Spencer and Tesco

Leadership and
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
P1) Theories of leadership in relation to the management activities of Marks & Spencers and
Tesco...........................................................................................................................................3
P2) Different theories of management in relation to Marks &Spencers and Tesco....................4
P3) Several management and leadership styles in different organisations context....................6
P4 Examine the factors that influence the development of the culture in organisations............8
P5 Produce a motivational strategy for an organisation that supports optimal achievement of
organisational objectives.............................................................................................................9
P6 -Apply to a range of business situations, appropriate leadership and management
approaches for managing performance and continuous improvement.....................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
The term “Management” can be technically defined as the process of planning,
organising, staffing, directing and controlling the efforts and activities of every individual
involved in an enterprise. To attain efficient management process in an organisation, proper set
of activities are monitored and controlled in effective manner by respective individuals known as
Managers. Managers are the individuals who oversees the working of an organisation. To be an
efficient manager, one should be a good leader. Here the importance of “Leadership” comes into
existence. Leadership can be defined as the qualities, skills and efforts that are put into action to
form relationship between two or more individuals, teams/groups to attain mutual goals of
individuals and organisation simultaneously with utmost efficiency. Leaders are those
individuals who focuses on providing the tools and methods to the employees required to achieve
the desired goals. In this report, detailed study will be conducted to understand leadership and
management theories and its impact on managerial activities in an organisation and further
discussion will be made on leadership styles, motivational theories and styles of management
that aids businesses to achieve growth in the market. Furthermore, multiple motivational
strategies along with approaches of efficient leadership and management has been discussed
further. Two organisations, Marks & Spencer which is the most popular UK based retailing
brand delivering its products in multiple market segments like clothing, beauty, furniture, wines
etc. has been taken into consideration along with Tesco which too is well established brand in
UK, operating its business operations since 1919, currently commencing business operations
with 4,673 outlets worldwide, making it third largest retailing brand in the world. Detailed
description has been shared in context to both organisations defining Management and
Leadership theories and practices.
P1) Theories of leadership in relation to the management activities of Marks & Spencers
and Tesco.
There are certain theories in relation to the management of organisation. Such theories
acts as a scale to measure the leadership traits residing in an organisation that leads in producing
more future leaders in the near future within the organisation. Below mentioned are the most
demonstrated leadership theories in context to both considered organisations.

 Theory of Relationship – This theory emphasise on such leaders who are more
concerned in building positive interactions with other individuals in an organisation.
Leaders are highly focused in scheduling time to interact with the employees of an
organisation creating interactive work culture and providing employees with enjoyable
work experience at the workplaces. Under such leadership style people feel more
confident, enthusiastic, and positive towards their work and organisation simultaneously.
(Golensky and Hager, 2020)
Managers at Marks & Spencers are highly focused in taking their subordinates together in
every tasks. They make sure to establish proper and regular interactions with every individual to
form a sensible and belongingness culture at Marks & Spencers. As a result of which M&S is
able to acquire great success as best company to work ultimately making it best competitor in the
retail business.
 Theory of Participation – This theory can also be described as “Democratic leadership
theory”. Leaders are highly focused in getting all the employees and individuals of an
organisation to involve in decision making process of the company. This leadership tactic
act as prominent tool to created highly engaged and contributive work environment
within the workplace. Participative Theory creates an environment where people are
more motivated and engaged in their tasks and responsibilities as they are directly
involved in decisions and ways to accomplish the designated objectives. (Bratton, 2020)
Tesco, being a giant player in retail industry has formed Leaders who are highly skilled in
creating contributive environment at their workplaces worldwide. Employees are keen to share
their suggestions to bring the best of the situations every time required by the managers.
Participative leadership practices at Tesco makes it one of the best player in retailing industry
giving it an edge over its competitors. Tesco is heavily emphasised in developing interactive
training and development session at each of its store to develop confidence and skills of its
employees, such practices makes its employees more interactive at their workplaces.
P2) Different theories of management in relation to Marks &Spencers and Tesco
Specific management theories are used by organisations to carry their business operations
in a effective sequence of approaches to achieve the desired results in most proficient possible
ways. Below mentioned are the theories of management used by Marks & Spencer and Tesco.