Leadership and Management Theories, Styles and Factors Affecting Cultural Development in Sainsbury Plc

Unit 4
Leadership and
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1. Different theories of leadership in context to management activities...................................3
P2. Different theories of management in context to leadership and management activities......4
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................5
P3. Different leadership and management styles with an application of different business
situations.....................................................................................................................................5
P4. Factors that influence cultural development at workplace...................................................7
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................8
REFERNCES:................................................................................................................................10
Books and Journals:..................................................................................................................10
Online:.......................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The terms leadership and management play their significant role in an organisation. Both
terms have inter-relationship with each other but have different perspectives while applying in
the business. Leadership refers to an attribute or quality of influencing other members in the
business with an intent to attain shared objectives and goals. While management denotes a
discipline of managing things in an effective and efficient way. It covers an art or skills of
getting the work completed by others or with others. Leadership is one of the key elements of
management (Golensky and Hager, 2020). Sainsbury Plc is chosen to prepare this assignment. It
is named as the second largest chain of retail shops throughout the United Kingdom. The founder
was John James Sainsbury who announced company in 1869. This business has mainly three
divisions such as Sainsbury' supermarkets Ltd, Banks and Agros. It is the first part of report in
which different theories of management and leadership is covered. It also outlines leadership and
management styles which can be applied in a range of business situation. Lastly, range of factors
are mentioned that can affect cultural development of an organisation.
TASK 1
P1. Different theories of leadership in context to management activities.
Leadership theories delineates a study that determines how and why particular
individuals become leader in the business. These theories emphasise the behaviours and traits
that individuals can adopt to increase their leadership skills. In case of Sainsbury Plc, there are
several leadership theories are mentioned that can be applied in a range of business situations.
The discussion is below:
 Great Man Theory: As per the viewpoint of this theory, leaders are born not made. This
theory believes that leader is born with right skills, abilities and traits that can be best
suited in different organisational context (Ionela, 2021). These leaders have charisma,
communication skills, confidence, social skills, intellectual skills. It says leaders as
ordained, mythic and valiant to rise leadership when situation happens. This theory was
adopted at that period when leadership was rarefied only for males, especially in military
leadership.
Pros Cons

 It initiated the study of which
characteristics and traits develop great
leaders.
 It only assumes that leaders are born
and removes the chances of learning
how to become a great leader.
 Contingency Theory: This theory believes that no leadership style may be applicable to
all the business situations. It finds that there might be factors that can impact on any
certain situation and a leaders must go for the suitable course of action while considering
such factors (Seitz and Owens, 2021).
Pros Cons
 It is dynamic in nature so this kind of
leaders can change their leadership
styles as per the demand of situation.
 It supports individuals to improve their
decision-making skills.
 It is reactive in nature. Also, the
situations can be hard to tackle.
 It has complex approach as when this
theory applies practically, it becomes
more complex.
P2. Different theories of management in context to leadership and management activities.
Management theories are a set of ideas that suggest common ways and rules for how to
overlook the organisational activities and organisation as well. In case of Sainsbury Plc, it
suggests that how managers implement plans and strategies to achieve common goals and how
they try to influence employees to perform their best work with highest traits. The following is
an explanation of different management theories that can be applied by supervisors in different
organisational context. The discussion is underneath:
 Bureaucratic management theory: This theory was developed by Max Weber. He
believed that organisations must be structured so there are clear guidelines, rules and
procedures of governance (Slee, 2020). It includes clear division of labour, chain of
command, strict and consistent rules and regulations, separation of personal and business
assets, selection and promotion of employees based on their qualifications and
performance. It has played a main role in setting standards and rule that are at the core of
organisation in today's time.

Pros Cons
 It centralizes roles and responsibilities
within a group.
 It encourages creativity among
employees.
 It can be hard to increase productivity.
 It slower down the adaptation of
change.
 Systems management theory: This theory states that an organisation includes a range of
components that must work in harmony for the larger system to function optimally. The
success of business is highly dependent on different main elements such as
interdependence, synergy and interrelations between many subsystems (Arora, 2021).
Also, it believes that employees are the main components of an organisation and work
groups, domains, department and organizational units are all additional pivotal
components for success.
Pros Cons
 It is based on probabilities.
 It is possible to bring out the co-
relations in different components such
as planning, directing, organizing and
controlling.
 It somewhat vague and abstract.
 It is not easy in application in large
businesses.
TASK 2
P3. Different leadership and management styles with an application of different business
situations.
A leadership style relates to a methods and behaviours of leader when influencing,
directing, managing and motivating subordinates. In case of Sainsbury Plc, these styles of
leadership and management determines how they plan and make strategies in the business while
accounting stakeholders' expectations and well-being of the employees (Dhamija, Chiarini and
Shapla, 2021). The following are some forms of leadership styles that can be applied in the
business: