Critical Analysis of Leadership Theories for Medical and Clinical Practices

This essay critically analyzes the leadership theories for medical and clinical practices. It discusses shared leadership and autocratic leadership and how they affect the healthcare system. The essay also talks about the importance of leadership in healthcare and how it can improve patient care outcomes.

ESSAY

ESSAY: 1
Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Critical analysis of leadership theories for Medical and clinical practices...................................................3
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................8
References.................................................................................................................................................10

ESSAY: 2
Introduction
Leadership in healthcare sector in Singapore is extremely important to lead the emerging
healthcare needs of ageing population, threat of international pandemics and various non-
communicable diseases. The expectation of healthcare has been changed due to increasing
contribution of leaders and changing expectation. The essay discusses how leadership theories
affect clinic system of two countries and it ensures that there is a high quality system for health
care system. Health care professionals is able to identify shared leadership and autocratic as the
major theories that enables the nurses to develop the skills to overcome the problems and
develop the skills to be a better leader. The essay has a discussion of how to improve the current
scenario of challenging leadership style of current scenario. It can found after the analysis that
there is an immense need to improve the relationships and leaders and their effectiveness. The
ultimate goal is to become most effective in the current scenario to gain organizational objectives
(Di et al., 2017).
Critical analysis of leadership theories for Medical and
clinical practices
Leadership in this sector is previewed in many ways such as clinical leadership that can come
from maintaining clinical expertise. It is sometimes separated from the concept of management
with an aim to lead the staff by a transformational change to create better services. Singapore is a
state with organized authoritarian regime and reformers here pursue change and adapt with less
opposition. Policy makers keep looking at the international trends and weighing the domestic
options with appropriate experience and knowledge. Health care system is financed by three
types such as Medisave, Medifund and Medishield. Singapore healthcare system follows
democratic that plan to structural reform because it also considers and adopts fragmented

ESSAY: 3
minority oppositions. A leadership is seen at some different level in healthcare sector. In UK,
transactional and transformational leadership has gained popularity in Healthcare system. It is
more of a team effort and it is also known as “sharedness” of motivation and leadership process
(Fealy et al., 2015). Shared leadership is considered to be in terms of mutual inspiration and
shared responsibility in between the employees that lead to achievement of goal. Shared
leadership is the expansion of traits of leader that prototypically as team members that are given
a chance to take a decision-making and leadership. Transformational leadership is recognized as
when one or more people engage in a way where leader and follower raise to high level of
motivation. Whereas, transformational leadership is superior to transactional style when as main
function delivers organizational objective. Goal can be achieved with the combination of leader-
follower transaction and intellectually stimulating the employees. The time has gone where
heroic people with a monopoly for a vision and it can replaced a commitment to build the share
visions with a huge range of stakeholders (Ekström, and Idvall, 2015). The shared leadership can
have three categories that have shared leadership such as traditional, new-genre, cumulative and
integration of these categories can lead to shared leadership. Transactional articulates on a vision
for the betterment of healthcare. The more subgroups on several leadership types are categorized
as transactional, transformational and visionary leadership. Traditional shared leadership is that
the leader use several methods such as several contingent rewards that can achieve staff team
goals and satisfy employee`s needs. Several emerging new-genre leadership focuses on
transformational, charismatic, and visionary leadership that empowers the employee`s towards
change and development. Overall cumulative leadership is spreaded on team-level that each team
member can express a level and degree of leadership (Leggat et al., 2016).

ESSAY: 4
Leadership is far very important to determine that the functionality of basic team had strongly
affected key team processes. Leadership determine the objective and make the path more clear
path to achieve the goals of such as improving the experiences of patient. Leadership can
encourage participation among the employees and allowing them to contribute and collect great
ideas that can support innovation in a team. Leadership can also enhance the commitment as a
leader could ensure primary quality especially while inspecting the work with the workforce.
Healthcare sector constantly is emerging new technologies and techniques in other aspects.
There is a new way to work in and outside the teams especially with patients. Strong leadership
support a vision to change with a clear delivery of what they need to achieve and by whom and
with what would get a successful stage in healthcare organization. Leadership is important when
it comes to find and approach those processes that can lead to continuous improvement.
Moreover, improvement rely on managing people. Leadership in allied healthcare is not just
about managing the healthcare services and also the therapy lead. Moreover, it was about leading
the workforce and the health services to new position. Clinical leaders such as clinical nursing
specialist, nurse educators, and practice developers that influence for research use by playing
role in mentoring, assisting, developing, and providing information in developing policies and
procedures to support professional practices. Leadership have to constantly think of policies and
methods to support staff to sustain and improve the efforts in a manner to improve medical
services to patient. As per the increasing living standards of people, patient`s expectation has
been increasing due to developing and expanding healthcare services. The previous leaders when
the independent Singapore focused on public education. It educated workforce and increased the
importance for employment, finance, technology, manufacturing the new technological assets
that can operate to improve patient`s health. Healthcare system is composed of various

ESSAY: 5
professional groups, specialists, departments, and non-linear interactions with each other (Fealy
et al., 2015). The complexity of these system can be unparalleled due to outcome of several
constraints leading to different disease, multidisciplinary staff, and multidirectional goals. In
country like Singapore, leaders came up with various nation`s social policies like pensions,
housing and healthcare. Singapore has followed an assertive and cooperative process of
managing the healthcare sector. This leadership style involves communication of information to
certain co-workers and associated organization, to form such decisions that allow to make
informed decisions (Mannix, Wilkes, and Daly, 2015). Collaborative leadership strategies
includes to enhance and improve healthcare management by encouraging the leadership among
various stakeholders that includes knowledge, experiences and reducing the level of difficulty in
the healthcare system (Lees, 2016). People in this field deals with a sense of responsibility and
finally engage a leadership process in such a way that they can communicate the needs and
identify the modifications in actions which is required to address the changing demand.
Collaborative healthcare leadership needs a powerful work environment where multiple parties
can encourage to work towards the implementation of efficient processes. Collaboration promote
various cultures and facilitate integration in multiple stakeholders. Leaders have to construct a
model of collaborative behavior that promote the understanding of different cultures and its level
of motivation and equally nurture the interdependency among the different practitioners
(Manley, and Titchen, 2017).
Whereas, in UK healthcare sector follows a sense of direct responsibility for its patients because
if it will impose a team level management and uses a combination of transactional and
transformational leadership. Whereas, Singapore gives more emphases on democratic leadership
with considering trending international healthcare system. Jot satisfaction and hob improvement

ESSAY: 6
have shared business and added improvements and optimize the practices. Shared leadership
approach can focus on identifying the effectiveness of improvement which empowers the staff to
make decision making process. UK follows a typical leadership of sharing leadership which we
have already discussed (Bryce et al., 2018). Other another responsibility have shown that
responsibility to manage a team and to remain effective, a series leadership behaviors should be
given greater autonomy by knowing the team and improve the work environment at the floor
level. This will lead to implementation of model in the healthcare settings that encourages
governance, continuous learning, and my in capture of becoming an effective working
relationship. This can be used as organization have developed such people in the staff. While
learnings the team work undoubtedly influences in US. It is ongoing process where it requires
evaluation to responsive to ever healthcare services. Although there are many challenges in
healthcare sector because the kind of illness has been increasing day by day and taking different
forms. Leader has to hope and anticipate that large elder population and chronic diseases that
have caused due to emerging lifestyle such as obesity need a polite way of dealing (Ning, and
Costello, 2018). For example- the increasing number of cancer have raised in Singapore as when
reported in times that was a kind of awareness among the public. Another leadership style that
leads to remain collective in terms of leadership activities that can complement the globalized
healthcare services (Liaw et al., 2015). An emerging leader cannot be charismatic in healthcare
sector because just influencing the behavior and motivating people in serving the healthcare
sector is not enough, it requires a networking team of expert healthcare doctors to overcome the
problems regarding the chronic illness. Moreover, an behavior influencing charismatic leader can
encourage or advice the organizations inside to maintain a small healthcare center in the
organization to treat its people (Jun, Kovner, and Stimpfel, 2016). There are many hospitals that

ESSAY: 7
are networked with each other to treat a particular cause and also disseminate proof-based
practices throughout the regional and local communities. It is far most important to shape the
new goals and ensure that there is a need to set a close link between ideas for healthcare sector
and practices on front line between the front line managers and different partners (Tan, and Tan,
2017). Clinical decision making in the country depends on the culture that what is working hours
of organizations and how frequent people go to clinic when they have any problem regarding
health such as in UK people are more education and makes their decision faster whether the
symptoms signifies high loss of health strength or eating healthy and exercising can overcome
this problem. Shared leadership empowers the staff within decision making process (Lees, and
Armit, 2018). It offers the opportunity to individuals to manage and develop those skills in UK
that could improve job satisfaction and work environment. Effective teamwork and proper
coordination has focused on team values and other staff members to optimize the team
efficiencies. Shared leadership has resulted to adoption of leadership behaviors that may impose
greater autonomy and it improves patient care outcome (Ingebrigtsen et al., 2014). When it
comes to critically analyze the barriers that develop shared leadership which include poor ethos,
staff turnover rates, high workload due to not delegating the work among the employees or the
team members, lack of responsibility and monotonous work style (Coyne et al., 2016). Both
globalization and increasing health issues has necessitates more wide ways and other corporation
have identified that becoming more collaborative and hierarchical leadership approaches. This
leadership has four characteristics such as sense making, relating, inventing, and visioning. The
ability and capability to understand the ever changing business environment and ramification of
changes in the organization. It is important to build the trust and other relationships to balance
the advocacy with inquiry with cultivated networks of supportive confidents (Démeh, and

ESSAY: 8
Rosengren, 2015). The concept of visionary creates a credible and other compelling images of
desiring future which can work towards working for the organization. Invention leads to creating
of new ideas and promoting them to apply and overcome insurmountable problems. All four
characteristics are dependent on each other and leaders help their subordinates to treat every
patient with different sympathy and even serving the medicines to the patient on right team
(Lalla et al., 2014).
Conclusion
From the above discussion and critical analysis of two leadership theories, it can be said that
shared leadership and autocratic leadership can act differently. Although no leader even in the
management theories follow a particular leadership theory. Leadership is an activity that one
practiced and soon it is excelled. Staff in healthcare sector are coming across and encountering
complicated issues but they cannot just rush to solve the conflicts impatiently. Rather the staff
and workforce has to be very much patience especially when solving the problem at patient level.
The discussion carries the traits of different theories of leadership and try to apply in clinical.
More than three leadership styles are applied because it is almost impossible to solve the issues
by using the single leadership theory. Where the transformational leadership inspire others on
one side with a common vision with the team to judge common values and ideas. Shared
leadership theory is a managerial style where input in form of suggestions are given for all
organizational decisions. The combination of current leadership styles and theories is considered
as relevant as when it is related to nursing practice.

ESSAY: 9
References
Bryce, M., Luscombe, K., Boyd, A., Tazzyman, A., Tredinnick-Rowe, J., Walshe, K. and
Archer, J., (2018) Policing the profession? Regulatory reform, restratification and the emergence
of Responsible Officers as a new locus of power in UK medicine. Social Science &
Medicine, 213, pp.98-105.
Coyne, I., Comiskey, C.M., Lalor, J.G., Higgins, A., Elliott, N. and Begley, C., (2016) An
exploration of clinical practice in sites with and without clinical nurse or midwife specialists or
advanced nurse practitioners, in Ireland. BMC health services research, 16(1), p.151.
Démeh, W. and Rosengren, K., (2015) The visualisation of clinical leadership in the content of
nursing education—a qualitative study of nursing students' experiences. Nurse education
today, 35(7), pp.888-893.
Di, H., He, M., Zhang, Y., Cheng, L., Wang, F., Nie, Y., Huang, W., Laureys, S. and Schnakers,
C., (2017) Chinese translation of the Coma Recovery Scale—Revised. Brain injury, 31(3),
pp.363-365.
Ekström, L. and Idvall, E., (2015) Being a team leader: newly registered nurses relate their
experiences. Journal of nursing management, 23(1), pp.75-86.
Fealy, G.M., McNamara, M.S., Casey, M., O'connor, T., Patton, D., Doyle, L. and Quinlan, C.,
(2015) Service impact of a national clinical leadership development programme: findings from a
qualitative study. Journal of nursing management, 23(3), pp.324-332.

ESSAY: 10
Ingebrigtsen, T., Georgiou, A., Clay-Williams, R., Magrabi, F., Hordern, A., Prgomet, M., Li, J.,
Westbrook, J. and Braithwaite, J., (2014) The impact of clinical leadership on health information
technology adoption: systematic review. International journal of medical informatics, 83(6),
pp.393-405.
Jun, J., Kovner, C.T. and Stimpfel, A.W., (2016) Barriers and facilitators of nurses’ use of
clinical practice guidelines: an integrative review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 60,
pp.54-68.
Lalla, R.V., Bowen, J., Barasch, A., Elting, L., Epstein, J., Keefe, D.M., McGuire, D.B.,
Migliorati, C., Nicolatou‐Galitis, O., Peterson, D.E. and Raber‐Durlacher, J.E., (2014)
MASCC/ISOO clinical practice guidelines for the management of mucositis secondary to cancer
therapy. Cancer, 120(10), pp.1453-1461.
Lees, P. and Armit, K., (2018) Medical leadership: an evidence-free zone?. BMJ Leader, 2(2),
pp.52-53.
Lees, P., (2016) Clinical leadership–are clinicians up for it?. Clinical Medicine, 16(1), pp.5-6.
Leggat, S.G., Smyth, A., Balding, C. and McAlpine, I., (2016) Equipping clinical leaders for
system and service improvements in quality and safety: an Australian experience. Australian and
New Zealand journal of public health, 40(2), pp.138-143.
Liaw, S.Y., Palham, S., Chan, S.W.C., Wong, L.F. and Lim, F.P., (2015) Using simulation
learning through academic‐practice partnership to promote transition to clinical practice: a
qualitative evaluation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 71(5), pp.1044-1054.

ESSAY: 11
Manley, K. and Titchen, A., (2017) Facilitation skills: the catalyst for increased effectiveness in
consultant practice and clinical systems leadership. Educational Action Research, 25(2), pp.256-
279.
Mannix, J., Wilkes, L. and Daly, J., (2015) ‘Watching an artist at work’: aesthetic leadership in
clinical nursing workplaces. Journal of clinical nursing, 24(23-24), pp.3511-3518.
Ning, T.J. and Costello, J., (2018) Implementing clinical nursing supervision in Singapore
hospitals. GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care (JNHC), 5(1).
Tan, R.Y. and Tan, G.S., (2017) Value-Based Healthcare in Residency Training: a Perspective
from Singapore. Medical Science Educator, 27(2), pp.423-426.