Impact of Pop Culture on Tourism
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Essay
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This assignment analyzes the influence of pop culture on tourists' destination image and visitation intentions. It delves into various academic articles that investigate the relationship between popular culture, tourism, and destination branding. The analysis encompasses aspects like reality TV's impact on travel intentions, the role of shopping destinations and trust in tourist attitudes, and how cultural differences affect brand personality perceptions among tourists. The focus is on understanding how pop culture trends shape tourists' choices and experiences.
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................4
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Analyse the main tourists destinations and generators of the world..........................................4
1.2 Analyse the statistics to determine tourism destination trends and predict the future trends....7
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Analyse the cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations..................................9
TASK 3...............................................................................................................................................15
3.1 Comparison of appeal of current leading tourists destination with that of currently developing
tourists destination.........................................................................................................................15
3.2 Evaluate how characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal.....................................16
TASK 4...............................................................................................................................................18
4.1 Analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourist destination................................................18
4.2 Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide
tourist destination...........................................................................................................................19
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................20
References..........................................................................................................................................22
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................4
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Analyse the main tourists destinations and generators of the world..........................................4
1.2 Analyse the statistics to determine tourism destination trends and predict the future trends....7
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Analyse the cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations..................................9
TASK 3...............................................................................................................................................15
3.1 Comparison of appeal of current leading tourists destination with that of currently developing
tourists destination.........................................................................................................................15
3.2 Evaluate how characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal.....................................16
TASK 4...............................................................................................................................................18
4.1 Analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourist destination................................................18
4.2 Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide
tourist destination...........................................................................................................................19
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................20
References..........................................................................................................................................22
INTRODUCTION
Tourist destinations are the centre of attraction of the place to attract the visitors. It is a place
of interest where people visited for its scenic beauty of the place. It also includes the inherent and
natural beauty, cultural value of a particular place. The places are also visited for their historical
significance related to the king or queen of that empire. Some places also attract more kids and the
youngsters typically for the leisure the place is offering such as Disneyland in Hong Kong. Another
amazing tourists destinations are grab the interests of the visitor are Adventure and Amusement.
TASK 1
1.1 Analyse the main tourists destinations and generators of the world
Following are the different tourist destinations that seeks the attention of wide number of
people towards its beauty, heritage culture, old-age traditions, historical monuments which is
famous among the whole world. These tourist destinations are sorted from wide range of tourists’
destinations in the whole world on the basis of number of visitors and the income generated by
these destinations from different sources are:
Tower of London
It is popular tourist destination in the centre of UK that is London which reflects the old
traditions and rituals of the emperors of the London. In the history of royal palace an armoury, a
prison, an execution, chamber, a zoo, a barracks and a jewel house are the attractions of this tower
which offers great insight into 1000 years of the history.
Income generation from tower of London- £26.4bn
Number of visitors-2,785,249bn
Rank among UK- 9
St Paul's cathedral
Tourist destinations are the centre of attraction of the place to attract the visitors. It is a place
of interest where people visited for its scenic beauty of the place. It also includes the inherent and
natural beauty, cultural value of a particular place. The places are also visited for their historical
significance related to the king or queen of that empire. Some places also attract more kids and the
youngsters typically for the leisure the place is offering such as Disneyland in Hong Kong. Another
amazing tourists destinations are grab the interests of the visitor are Adventure and Amusement.
TASK 1
1.1 Analyse the main tourists destinations and generators of the world
Following are the different tourist destinations that seeks the attention of wide number of
people towards its beauty, heritage culture, old-age traditions, historical monuments which is
famous among the whole world. These tourist destinations are sorted from wide range of tourists’
destinations in the whole world on the basis of number of visitors and the income generated by
these destinations from different sources are:
Tower of London
It is popular tourist destination in the centre of UK that is London which reflects the old
traditions and rituals of the emperors of the London. In the history of royal palace an armoury, a
prison, an execution, chamber, a zoo, a barracks and a jewel house are the attractions of this tower
which offers great insight into 1000 years of the history.
Income generation from tower of London- £26.4bn
Number of visitors-2,785,249bn
Rank among UK- 9
St Paul's cathedral
Another famous tourists attractions in London is iconic cathedral which has noticed
various essential events in Britain's history including state funeral of Sir Winston Churchill
and marriage of Prince Charles and Princess Diana. This historical place will offer 1200
years of history as the chance to climb 237 steps towards the top of spectacular dome.
Generation of income from this place- £30bn
Number of visitors-1,892,467 annually
Flamingo Land Theme Park (Yorkshire)
It is recognised tourists destination which is suitable for different age groups
especially for children as the place is set for relaxation in the swimming pool. It is that
entertainment and amusement park which is combination of rides, zoo and live
entertainment and a variety restaurants to please the tourists’ by serving their speciality.
Income-£6.3bn
Number of touristors-12.8million
Barcelona (Spain)
various essential events in Britain's history including state funeral of Sir Winston Churchill
and marriage of Prince Charles and Princess Diana. This historical place will offer 1200
years of history as the chance to climb 237 steps towards the top of spectacular dome.
Generation of income from this place- £30bn
Number of visitors-1,892,467 annually
Flamingo Land Theme Park (Yorkshire)
It is recognised tourists destination which is suitable for different age groups
especially for children as the place is set for relaxation in the swimming pool. It is that
entertainment and amusement park which is combination of rides, zoo and live
entertainment and a variety restaurants to please the tourists’ by serving their speciality.
Income-£6.3bn
Number of touristors-12.8million
Barcelona (Spain)
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It has long history of tourism from the medieval age as it was an important site for
Christian pilgrims which induces the tourism level of this place. It has famous world
heritage museums and several sites that signify the heritage cultures and all the traditions.
Income-237,000,000€
Number of vistitors-7.5 million
Eiffel Tower (Paris)
The glory of Paris is this tower which signifies the shine of culture of the Paris that
the trend of their traditions always should stay on top.
Income-£344bn
Number of visitors- 7 million
Rank- 2 Tallest structure
The current popular tourist destination among the visitors is United Kingdom (Heo, 2016).
United Kingdom is most famous tourist destination. It has several kinds of destinations to explore
and enjoy. The tourist destinations of the UK gives a visitor a luxury experience. It has many
amusement parks, exotic venues, art galleries to explore the true talent of the UK, museums, statues
and monuments, beaches, islands, attractions, delicious food, party casinos and many shopping
malls and shopping centre. Every tourists like to shop new and different things wherever they go.
The United Kingdom is known as the land of museums with various kind of cultures, religion and
beliefs. The capital of UK is London which has many monuments and large buildings to explore.
Another cities to explore in the UK are Edinburgh, Liverpool, Llandudno, Blackpool and Torquay.
It is located on the west coast of the Europe. It is ranked 8th biggest tourist destination in the world.
Christian pilgrims which induces the tourism level of this place. It has famous world
heritage museums and several sites that signify the heritage cultures and all the traditions.
Income-237,000,000€
Number of vistitors-7.5 million
Eiffel Tower (Paris)
The glory of Paris is this tower which signifies the shine of culture of the Paris that
the trend of their traditions always should stay on top.
Income-£344bn
Number of visitors- 7 million
Rank- 2 Tallest structure
The current popular tourist destination among the visitors is United Kingdom (Heo, 2016).
United Kingdom is most famous tourist destination. It has several kinds of destinations to explore
and enjoy. The tourist destinations of the UK gives a visitor a luxury experience. It has many
amusement parks, exotic venues, art galleries to explore the true talent of the UK, museums, statues
and monuments, beaches, islands, attractions, delicious food, party casinos and many shopping
malls and shopping centre. Every tourists like to shop new and different things wherever they go.
The United Kingdom is known as the land of museums with various kind of cultures, religion and
beliefs. The capital of UK is London which has many monuments and large buildings to explore.
Another cities to explore in the UK are Edinburgh, Liverpool, Llandudno, Blackpool and Torquay.
It is located on the west coast of the Europe. It is ranked 8th biggest tourist destination in the world.
Tourists arrival (2013) Tourists arrival (2014) (2013 to 2014) % change
31.1 million 32.6 million 5 % Increasing
The results of the above table are clearly shows that the tourist arrival count in the UK has
increased from 2013 to 2014. It also shows that the increment of 5% in two year from 2013 to 2014.
The UK comes in the top 10 list of the favourite destinations. Tourism industry of UK has
emerged as global economic sector (Miličević, Mihalič, and Sever, 2016.). The United Kingdom
and other tourists’ destinations worldwide generate large amount of revenue that contributes to the
world's total GDP. Tourists’ destinations helps to generate large amount revenue income to the
economy. It also tried to find out the untouched areas and also generate income from that area that
can be added in the overall GDP. The tour arrival number in 2015 was 36.115 million. The visitors
in UK spends $22.072 billion mostly by the foreign visitors. The country's single most tourist
destinations are in London which is famous for Tower of London. According to the report by
UNWTO the international tourism of UK will reach 1.8 billion by the year 2030 as per the
developing speed of the country. The tourism industry of the UK is growing by 89% annually. The
tourism sector is the fastest growing industry in the whole world. The growth of the tourism
industry has changed the 1 billion tourists into the opportunities.
1.2 Analyse the statistics to determine tourism destination trends and predict the future trends
Tourism industry has witnessed different challenges in the last decade which affect the
overall tourist destination operating in this kind of industry will also give negative impact on the
future tourists demands. Increasing technology will induces the level of E- tourism due to the
change in technology. There are different factors which may possess serious challenges to all the
tourist destinations and affect its future demand which are given below:
New and emerging inbound destinations
Countries like Eastern Europe, EU, Asia and South America plays a significant role as leading
internal destinations as they arouse the interest of different travellers. It has been observed that
Eastern Europe attracted 6,047 million number of visitors and transform all of them into their
pockets. This also boosts up the growth rate from initial stage to the higher level.
Emerging out-bound level
China and India leads all other countries in terms of expansion of their overseas market that
creates a barrier for all other tourist destinations in marking their foot in the existing market. 34,524
million Chinese people travelled in all across the world marking over 66 percentage incxrease over
the past years. Indian visitors travelled 12,988 million in all over the world and mark 555
31.1 million 32.6 million 5 % Increasing
The results of the above table are clearly shows that the tourist arrival count in the UK has
increased from 2013 to 2014. It also shows that the increment of 5% in two year from 2013 to 2014.
The UK comes in the top 10 list of the favourite destinations. Tourism industry of UK has
emerged as global economic sector (Miličević, Mihalič, and Sever, 2016.). The United Kingdom
and other tourists’ destinations worldwide generate large amount of revenue that contributes to the
world's total GDP. Tourists’ destinations helps to generate large amount revenue income to the
economy. It also tried to find out the untouched areas and also generate income from that area that
can be added in the overall GDP. The tour arrival number in 2015 was 36.115 million. The visitors
in UK spends $22.072 billion mostly by the foreign visitors. The country's single most tourist
destinations are in London which is famous for Tower of London. According to the report by
UNWTO the international tourism of UK will reach 1.8 billion by the year 2030 as per the
developing speed of the country. The tourism industry of the UK is growing by 89% annually. The
tourism sector is the fastest growing industry in the whole world. The growth of the tourism
industry has changed the 1 billion tourists into the opportunities.
1.2 Analyse the statistics to determine tourism destination trends and predict the future trends
Tourism industry has witnessed different challenges in the last decade which affect the
overall tourist destination operating in this kind of industry will also give negative impact on the
future tourists demands. Increasing technology will induces the level of E- tourism due to the
change in technology. There are different factors which may possess serious challenges to all the
tourist destinations and affect its future demand which are given below:
New and emerging inbound destinations
Countries like Eastern Europe, EU, Asia and South America plays a significant role as leading
internal destinations as they arouse the interest of different travellers. It has been observed that
Eastern Europe attracted 6,047 million number of visitors and transform all of them into their
pockets. This also boosts up the growth rate from initial stage to the higher level.
Emerging out-bound level
China and India leads all other countries in terms of expansion of their overseas market that
creates a barrier for all other tourist destinations in marking their foot in the existing market. 34,524
million Chinese people travelled in all across the world marking over 66 percentage incxrease over
the past years. Indian visitors travelled 12,988 million in all over the world and mark 555
percentage of increase from the previous years.
Green tourism
This will really affect the business performance of the different tourist destinations in terms
of increasing or decreasing their customers as this tourism demands nature based tourism in order to
maintain the dignity of the sustainability.
The tourism industry of United Kingdom has showed rapid developing speed. According to
the statistical report the significant foreign tourists to UK are from The United States of America.
The visitors of the America spends a lot of money for an exotic vacations in the UK (Matzler and
et.al. 2016). United Kingdom has remained top among the other popular tourists’ destinations in the
UK. The biggest source of the income generated from the tourism industry in the United Kingdom.
A table below provide the trend of the tourist visit in UK along with rank of different cities with the
respective country:
Rank City 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total
1 London 15341 14752 14705 14210 59010
2 Edinburgh 1330 1190 1314 1320 5156
3 Manchester 970 890 812 799 3471
4 Birmingham 699 764 710 739 2912
5 Glasgow 630 754 550 624 2558
The above results of the table clearly shows that the London toped among the other cities in
the UK. The London ranked highest number of tourists due to London’s highest attracted Tower of
London. The other popular point of attraction in London are The London eye, British museum,
Buckingham place to capture the attentions of the people visited London towards the royal beauty
of the palace and the royal history of the palace. Edinburgh remains on the second place due the the
famous city and capital of Scotland (Lee and Bai, 2016). Another famous tourists points are
Aethur's seat, cove, Royal Yacht Britannia and National museum of Scotland. Manchester secures
third position in UK due to the presence of famous Cathedral, shopping hubs and famous artefacts
of the UK. Birmingham ranks 4th place in England with the help of several attractions of the UK
such as Aston hall, Millennium point and Birmingham botanical garden. Last but not the least rank
that is fifth rank goes to Glasgow which is famous for the natural beauty and exotic beaches and
shopping malls and centres to grab the interests of the people visited to the UK for experience the
pleasure.
Green tourism
This will really affect the business performance of the different tourist destinations in terms
of increasing or decreasing their customers as this tourism demands nature based tourism in order to
maintain the dignity of the sustainability.
The tourism industry of United Kingdom has showed rapid developing speed. According to
the statistical report the significant foreign tourists to UK are from The United States of America.
The visitors of the America spends a lot of money for an exotic vacations in the UK (Matzler and
et.al. 2016). United Kingdom has remained top among the other popular tourists’ destinations in the
UK. The biggest source of the income generated from the tourism industry in the United Kingdom.
A table below provide the trend of the tourist visit in UK along with rank of different cities with the
respective country:
Rank City 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total
1 London 15341 14752 14705 14210 59010
2 Edinburgh 1330 1190 1314 1320 5156
3 Manchester 970 890 812 799 3471
4 Birmingham 699 764 710 739 2912
5 Glasgow 630 754 550 624 2558
The above results of the table clearly shows that the London toped among the other cities in
the UK. The London ranked highest number of tourists due to London’s highest attracted Tower of
London. The other popular point of attraction in London are The London eye, British museum,
Buckingham place to capture the attentions of the people visited London towards the royal beauty
of the palace and the royal history of the palace. Edinburgh remains on the second place due the the
famous city and capital of Scotland (Lee and Bai, 2016). Another famous tourists points are
Aethur's seat, cove, Royal Yacht Britannia and National museum of Scotland. Manchester secures
third position in UK due to the presence of famous Cathedral, shopping hubs and famous artefacts
of the UK. Birmingham ranks 4th place in England with the help of several attractions of the UK
such as Aston hall, Millennium point and Birmingham botanical garden. Last but not the least rank
that is fifth rank goes to Glasgow which is famous for the natural beauty and exotic beaches and
shopping malls and centres to grab the interests of the people visited to the UK for experience the
pleasure.
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The analysis of tourism industry of United Kingdom is divided into various sectors:
Airline industry
Lodging
Cruise lines
Travel agencies
Motor coach operators
According to the survey in 2015 the most challenging and risky factors of European tourism
are: Increased standard of living, Uncertainty in the economy and political interferences.
The online travel trends have also enhanced and expected to be increase in the near future.
The table below clearly defines the online travel trends in United Kingdom:
Percentage of Trips January till August 2014 January till August 2015
Online Booking 85 96
Online Inquiry 50 52
Users of internet 98 99.66
No internet users 89 56
The table clearly reflects the changing trends towards the online networking in the travel
industry. The geographical demand shift fully supported the travel and tourism industry.
Tourism industry is now known as the global economic sector of the whole world and its
speed is very high.
TASK 2
2.1 Analyse the cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations
The United Kingdom is popularly known as the land of museums with different cultures,
religion, beliefs, values and political considerations (Whang, Yong. 2016). Tourism industry of
United kingdom is consists of several kinds of factors which needs to be taken care such as cultural,
social and physical features of a particular tourists destinations in order to caught the interests of the
people visited there for the vacations and enjoyment purpose. These factors are the deciding in
nature of the popularity of the specific destinations in comparison to the proper follow up of these
factors. These are major elements for creating the appeal for the tourists’ destination.
Following are analysis of all the three features that is social, cultural and physical features of
a tourist destination that is UK and Bulgaria which are given below:
Factors UK Bulgaria
Airline industry
Lodging
Cruise lines
Travel agencies
Motor coach operators
According to the survey in 2015 the most challenging and risky factors of European tourism
are: Increased standard of living, Uncertainty in the economy and political interferences.
The online travel trends have also enhanced and expected to be increase in the near future.
The table below clearly defines the online travel trends in United Kingdom:
Percentage of Trips January till August 2014 January till August 2015
Online Booking 85 96
Online Inquiry 50 52
Users of internet 98 99.66
No internet users 89 56
The table clearly reflects the changing trends towards the online networking in the travel
industry. The geographical demand shift fully supported the travel and tourism industry.
Tourism industry is now known as the global economic sector of the whole world and its
speed is very high.
TASK 2
2.1 Analyse the cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations
The United Kingdom is popularly known as the land of museums with different cultures,
religion, beliefs, values and political considerations (Whang, Yong. 2016). Tourism industry of
United kingdom is consists of several kinds of factors which needs to be taken care such as cultural,
social and physical features of a particular tourists destinations in order to caught the interests of the
people visited there for the vacations and enjoyment purpose. These factors are the deciding in
nature of the popularity of the specific destinations in comparison to the proper follow up of these
factors. These are major elements for creating the appeal for the tourists’ destination.
Following are analysis of all the three features that is social, cultural and physical features of
a tourist destination that is UK and Bulgaria which are given below:
Factors UK Bulgaria
Cultural
The background of the whole
Uk is covered with historical
traditions in terms of museums,
monuments like tower of
London, Buckingham palace,
and house of parliament.
It is famous city of museums
which reflects their traditional
and heritage of the place by
showcasing all the richness of
their culture.
It has several monument which
reflects the attraction of this
country as the architecture of
The background of the whole
Uk is covered with historical
traditions in terms of museums,
monuments like tower of
London, Buckingham palace,
and house of parliament.
It is famous city of museums
which reflects their traditional
and heritage of the place by
showcasing all the richness of
their culture.
It has several monument which
reflects the attraction of this
country as the architecture of
The famous church of the
London also symbolises the
memory of sir Winston
Churchill.
Festivals are being part of this
nations such as new year and
Easter
these are impossible for the
modern architectures.
The famous megaiths of this
place which is is creativity with
the help of stones signifies the
medieval past history about this
place.
London also symbolises the
memory of sir Winston
Churchill.
Festivals are being part of this
nations such as new year and
Easter
these are impossible for the
modern architectures.
The famous megaiths of this
place which is is creativity with
the help of stones signifies the
medieval past history about this
place.
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In terms of food it serves beat
quality and different variety of
food such as Greece and turkey
food that is tomato, cucumber
and cheese salad.
Social
UK respects different religion
such as Christianity, Islam,
Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism
and Buddhism
It is safe country in terms of
safety of all the tourists who
visit for the first time in this
country as they respect all
different persons by imposing
reliable government policies.
It respects all the different
religions bur special importance
given to the Bulgarian
orthodox. Roman Catholics,
Muslims, Protestants, Jews.
It is good tourist destinations
which is suitable for all the
visitors as well as for business
purpose as they can access all
different variety of goods from
these markets.
quality and different variety of
food such as Greece and turkey
food that is tomato, cucumber
and cheese salad.
Social
UK respects different religion
such as Christianity, Islam,
Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism
and Buddhism
It is safe country in terms of
safety of all the tourists who
visit for the first time in this
country as they respect all
different persons by imposing
reliable government policies.
It respects all the different
religions bur special importance
given to the Bulgarian
orthodox. Roman Catholics,
Muslims, Protestants, Jews.
It is good tourist destinations
which is suitable for all the
visitors as well as for business
purpose as they can access all
different variety of goods from
these markets.
Physical
This country is located in the
urban areas which is fully
connected with all the public
transport facilities to retain the
visitors for long term in terms
of accommodation, hotels near
the destinations, transport.
It is famous place for
adventurous trips as it is wholly
surrounded by lakes as suitable
for picnic spots in beaches and
feel the relaxation in these
lakes.
The landscape diversity
attracted wide number of
people towards the beauty in
terms of mountains and hills.
Cultural Resources
It includes the heritage and inherited property of the ancestors such as museums,
monuments, old churches and other manmade structures just like artefacts, buildings to attract the
visitors more towards the tourist places. This also contains the delicious and tasty food as per their
culture For Example: In Thailand mostly we found Thai food such as Red Thai curry famous food
of Thailand, in china, Chinese food is popular such as Hakka noodles, Manchurian, chowmein. It is
not limited only to the food but also includes music and entertainment activities such as river
rafting, motor bike racing, Bunji jumping, water rides, motor boat riding and many more fun.
Another important things includes such as sports, music and arts gallery of a particular place
(Claveria and Poluzzi, 2016). The rich sources of the place tremendously affect the person's feeling
and attracted them towards the rich heritage of the royal empire and their properties.
This country is located in the
urban areas which is fully
connected with all the public
transport facilities to retain the
visitors for long term in terms
of accommodation, hotels near
the destinations, transport.
It is famous place for
adventurous trips as it is wholly
surrounded by lakes as suitable
for picnic spots in beaches and
feel the relaxation in these
lakes.
The landscape diversity
attracted wide number of
people towards the beauty in
terms of mountains and hills.
Cultural Resources
It includes the heritage and inherited property of the ancestors such as museums,
monuments, old churches and other manmade structures just like artefacts, buildings to attract the
visitors more towards the tourist places. This also contains the delicious and tasty food as per their
culture For Example: In Thailand mostly we found Thai food such as Red Thai curry famous food
of Thailand, in china, Chinese food is popular such as Hakka noodles, Manchurian, chowmein. It is
not limited only to the food but also includes music and entertainment activities such as river
rafting, motor bike racing, Bunji jumping, water rides, motor boat riding and many more fun.
Another important things includes such as sports, music and arts gallery of a particular place
(Claveria and Poluzzi, 2016). The rich sources of the place tremendously affect the person's feeling
and attracted them towards the rich heritage of the royal empire and their properties.
Social Groups
It consists of the regional, national and local communities of a particular destination. It plays
a vital role in satisfying the different and unique needs of the tourists visited to that place. It has
direct impact on the tourism and its handling capacity (Brown Smith and Assaker,2016). The
welcoming nature of the local people motivates the confidence of the tourists to stay more at the
destination. The main responsibility of the tourism department of the destination to take care about
the feelings, tastes and preferences of the visitors in order to enhance the overall experience of the
tourists to explore more the tourists’ destination.
Physical Resources
It includes the famous landscapes, mountains, lakes and rivers, costliness, beaches, flora and
fauna, tropical forest and sand dunes of the tourist places in order to attract the guests more towards
the attractions of the place such as water diving in Bangkok, sand safari in Dubai, sandy beaches of
the Torquay (UK), Musical fountain in London, palace beauty of Buckingham palace in London,
Shopping centres and shopping hubs and market in shanghai, Disneyland in Hong kong. These are
the special attractions of the places in order to attract the customers towards the real beauty of the
particular place. These are essential for creating the appeal among the tourist. Tourists generally go
for natural beauty of the places. Hence the tourist places that have sound natural resources have
great appeal in tourist’s mind.
2.2 Compare features of developing and leading tourist destinations
The characteristics and unique quality of the destination directly affected the tourism.
Different factors that affect the tourism are the place itself, accessibility to destination such as it is
connected by rail, road, airways or waterways (Mussalam and Tajeddini, 2016). The cultural appeal
of the destination and attractions of the destination also directly affects in creation of the appeal of
the destination in order to read the minds of the tourists. All these elements are vital for influencing
the visitors from across the world in order to gain the global advantage. The taste and preferences of
the consumers matters a lot. Transportation hubs and the gateways are also plays an important role
in the tourism management. Cultural traditions, festivals and religions are considered for the
creating a request statement for a particular tourists destinations.
Leading Destination- United Kingdom
United kingdom's Appeal
United Kingdom is located on the west coast of the European island. It ranks among the top
10 list of the tourist destinations in the whole world. The current rank of The United Kingdom is 8th
biggest tourist destinations in the world. The largest revenue of the UK generated from the
collection of the income from the various tourist destinations in the UK. The largest revenue of
It consists of the regional, national and local communities of a particular destination. It plays
a vital role in satisfying the different and unique needs of the tourists visited to that place. It has
direct impact on the tourism and its handling capacity (Brown Smith and Assaker,2016). The
welcoming nature of the local people motivates the confidence of the tourists to stay more at the
destination. The main responsibility of the tourism department of the destination to take care about
the feelings, tastes and preferences of the visitors in order to enhance the overall experience of the
tourists to explore more the tourists’ destination.
Physical Resources
It includes the famous landscapes, mountains, lakes and rivers, costliness, beaches, flora and
fauna, tropical forest and sand dunes of the tourist places in order to attract the guests more towards
the attractions of the place such as water diving in Bangkok, sand safari in Dubai, sandy beaches of
the Torquay (UK), Musical fountain in London, palace beauty of Buckingham palace in London,
Shopping centres and shopping hubs and market in shanghai, Disneyland in Hong kong. These are
the special attractions of the places in order to attract the customers towards the real beauty of the
particular place. These are essential for creating the appeal among the tourist. Tourists generally go
for natural beauty of the places. Hence the tourist places that have sound natural resources have
great appeal in tourist’s mind.
2.2 Compare features of developing and leading tourist destinations
The characteristics and unique quality of the destination directly affected the tourism.
Different factors that affect the tourism are the place itself, accessibility to destination such as it is
connected by rail, road, airways or waterways (Mussalam and Tajeddini, 2016). The cultural appeal
of the destination and attractions of the destination also directly affects in creation of the appeal of
the destination in order to read the minds of the tourists. All these elements are vital for influencing
the visitors from across the world in order to gain the global advantage. The taste and preferences of
the consumers matters a lot. Transportation hubs and the gateways are also plays an important role
in the tourism management. Cultural traditions, festivals and religions are considered for the
creating a request statement for a particular tourists destinations.
Leading Destination- United Kingdom
United kingdom's Appeal
United Kingdom is located on the west coast of the European island. It ranks among the top
10 list of the tourist destinations in the whole world. The current rank of The United Kingdom is 8th
biggest tourist destinations in the world. The largest revenue of the UK generated from the
collection of the income from the various tourist destinations in the UK. The largest revenue of
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income comes from the London in UK. It has rich natural resources and structures that are very
appealing in the nature.
Developing Destination- Costa Rica
Costa Rica's Appeal- It is a developing destination of the tourism industry contributes large
amount of revenue to its economic growth. It includes such as rich history, heritage property,
cultural resources and scenic beauty of the place (Xiang 2016). It is famous for the eco-tourism. The
infrastructure of the place is appealing in the nature and convince the visitors its natural beauty.
A below shows the comparison between developing and leading tourist destination.
Developed Destination- United Kingdom Developing Destination- Costa Rica
It is located in west coat of Europe It is located in the Central America
The total area of UK is 243,640 km2 The total area of Costa Rica is 51,100 km2
Its total population is around 63.23 million Costa Rica's total population is 4.805 million
It is surrounded by Atlantic ocean, North sea,
English channel and Irish sea
It is surrounded by Nicaragua to the North,
Panama to the south east, Pacific ocean to the
west and the Caribbean sea to the east
It has ranked in top tourists destination It has become the top medical tourist
destinations for the Americans
The travellers count in the United Kingdom is
19.3 million with international visitors
The number of the international visitors visits in
costa Rica is around 2.43 million
The receipt of earnings from the different tourist
destinations in the United Kingdom is around
$36.4 billion and also ranked 7 among top 10
earners in the world.
Costa Rica one of the emerging and developing
tourist destinations of the world contributes
12.5% of its overall earnings contribute to the
GDP of the country.
TASK 3
3.1 Comparison of appeal of current leading tourists destination with that of currently developing
tourists destination
The strategy followed by UK for the growth of the tourism industry is a key portion on the
whole development of the tourism sector of the United Kingdom (Moscardo and Murphy, 2016).
According to the UK government, one of the significant aspects of the development of the tourism
of the UK is turned into the reality by marketing campaigns done for the promotion of both
domestic and international tourism. These campaign are conducted in order to aware the visitors
appealing in the nature.
Developing Destination- Costa Rica
Costa Rica's Appeal- It is a developing destination of the tourism industry contributes large
amount of revenue to its economic growth. It includes such as rich history, heritage property,
cultural resources and scenic beauty of the place (Xiang 2016). It is famous for the eco-tourism. The
infrastructure of the place is appealing in the nature and convince the visitors its natural beauty.
A below shows the comparison between developing and leading tourist destination.
Developed Destination- United Kingdom Developing Destination- Costa Rica
It is located in west coat of Europe It is located in the Central America
The total area of UK is 243,640 km2 The total area of Costa Rica is 51,100 km2
Its total population is around 63.23 million Costa Rica's total population is 4.805 million
It is surrounded by Atlantic ocean, North sea,
English channel and Irish sea
It is surrounded by Nicaragua to the North,
Panama to the south east, Pacific ocean to the
west and the Caribbean sea to the east
It has ranked in top tourists destination It has become the top medical tourist
destinations for the Americans
The travellers count in the United Kingdom is
19.3 million with international visitors
The number of the international visitors visits in
costa Rica is around 2.43 million
The receipt of earnings from the different tourist
destinations in the United Kingdom is around
$36.4 billion and also ranked 7 among top 10
earners in the world.
Costa Rica one of the emerging and developing
tourist destinations of the world contributes
12.5% of its overall earnings contribute to the
GDP of the country.
TASK 3
3.1 Comparison of appeal of current leading tourists destination with that of currently developing
tourists destination
The strategy followed by UK for the growth of the tourism industry is a key portion on the
whole development of the tourism sector of the United Kingdom (Moscardo and Murphy, 2016).
According to the UK government, one of the significant aspects of the development of the tourism
of the UK is turned into the reality by marketing campaigns done for the promotion of both
domestic and international tourism. These campaign are conducted in order to aware the visitors
and general public about the importance of the heritage property of the tourists destinations of the
UK. The campaigns are conducted all over the world including china, to advertise the UK Tourism.
The visa part of UK is criticised highly over the restrictions on the inbound travelling because UK
does not form part of Schengen Agreement. Criticism related to the increase in the duty of Air
passengers has a negative impact on the UK tourism. Due to Olympic Games in the UK has
increased the inbound and out bound sightseeing in the country. The purpose of government is to
promote the tourism by organising Olympic Games and Queen's diamond Jubilee in order to collect
the huge amount of visitors in the country to advertise the tourism sector of the United Kingdom. As
per the financial viewpoint, the UK government continues to growth in the Euro zone that affect the
business worldwide.
The tourism in Costa Rica is involves many factors that contribute in the overall tourism of
the Costa Rica such as hotels, airlines in addition to the sightseeing related to the businesses,
connected transportation, food items that are complementary with the different tour packages. Other
services provided by the tourism department to their visitors includes attractions, support services to
facilitate the customer, tour workers to guide the tourists throughout the whole trip. The bunch of
facilities provided to the clients to enhance their staying experience with the country. In these region
other services are also provided such as transport, appeals, endorsement. Best quality services to the
visitors ensures the long term relationship with them (Boniface,Cooper, 2016). The surveys reflect
that a moderate – high returns family unit spends hust about 101, 2000 colons in a particular
journey inside the nation itself. Numerous of the costa Ricans believe that the local hotels and
businesses are providing well appropriate and ultimate services ti their customers as compared to
the outsiders it means outside the Costa Rica. The main beauty of the Costa Rica is lies in the
natural environment such as variability of the flora and fauna of the country. It also produces
different types and kinds of the produce that can be exported from Costa Rica to the other countries.
The Costa Rica is an emerging tourists destinations which have its inner uniqueness due to the
heritage rich natural resources, art factual precious and totally different designs to attract the
visitors.
3.2 Evaluate how characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal
There are different features of the tourist destination will create a negative as well as
positive im pact on the image of all the tourist destination which are given as below:
Criteria UK Bulgaria
Transportation facility Easy transportation facility will
increase their level of
customers towards the place as
Some areas where
transportation is not possible
then it will affect its overall
UK. The campaigns are conducted all over the world including china, to advertise the UK Tourism.
The visa part of UK is criticised highly over the restrictions on the inbound travelling because UK
does not form part of Schengen Agreement. Criticism related to the increase in the duty of Air
passengers has a negative impact on the UK tourism. Due to Olympic Games in the UK has
increased the inbound and out bound sightseeing in the country. The purpose of government is to
promote the tourism by organising Olympic Games and Queen's diamond Jubilee in order to collect
the huge amount of visitors in the country to advertise the tourism sector of the United Kingdom. As
per the financial viewpoint, the UK government continues to growth in the Euro zone that affect the
business worldwide.
The tourism in Costa Rica is involves many factors that contribute in the overall tourism of
the Costa Rica such as hotels, airlines in addition to the sightseeing related to the businesses,
connected transportation, food items that are complementary with the different tour packages. Other
services provided by the tourism department to their visitors includes attractions, support services to
facilitate the customer, tour workers to guide the tourists throughout the whole trip. The bunch of
facilities provided to the clients to enhance their staying experience with the country. In these region
other services are also provided such as transport, appeals, endorsement. Best quality services to the
visitors ensures the long term relationship with them (Boniface,Cooper, 2016). The surveys reflect
that a moderate – high returns family unit spends hust about 101, 2000 colons in a particular
journey inside the nation itself. Numerous of the costa Ricans believe that the local hotels and
businesses are providing well appropriate and ultimate services ti their customers as compared to
the outsiders it means outside the Costa Rica. The main beauty of the Costa Rica is lies in the
natural environment such as variability of the flora and fauna of the country. It also produces
different types and kinds of the produce that can be exported from Costa Rica to the other countries.
The Costa Rica is an emerging tourists destinations which have its inner uniqueness due to the
heritage rich natural resources, art factual precious and totally different designs to attract the
visitors.
3.2 Evaluate how characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal
There are different features of the tourist destination will create a negative as well as
positive im pact on the image of all the tourist destination which are given as below:
Criteria UK Bulgaria
Transportation facility Easy transportation facility will
increase their level of
customers towards the place as
Some areas where
transportation is not possible
then it will affect its overall
everyone wants high level of
comfortless.
image as the tourists will
understand the actual problem
faced by this place.
Terrorisms Attacks of the terrorist will
decline the ratio of the visitors
Attacks and unstable
government will not attract
wide number of customers but
also declines the regular
visitors.
There are several kinds of essential benefits attained by the tourism. It can be social or
economic benefits, mainly significant for the developing nation. The implications may be positive
as well as negative on the economy of the developing nation (Weidenfeld, Butler, 2016). A lot of
discussion have been done in respect to the advantage or harmful to the particular business
environment. Apart from the confusing state of mind one side is that it also creates a couple of
opportunities in employment sector. It generates a lot of job opportunities in the various sectors
such as transport, retail, IT sector, local markets, hotels & resorts. It generates lot of income to the
host country where all other tourists’ destinations are located such as United Kingdom. It promotes
the various kinds of cultural values, social beliefs, religion practices and pressures of political
imposed by the government of a particular place. Consequently the jobs are created are not
permanent but these are seasonal jobs. When the need of the workers arises they get their job back
but they don't have job security in their hands. The acts of tourists and tourists’ destinations
adversely affect the lives of the local people lives there in the host country such as by pollution,
crowd of people everywhere (Pike, 2016.). The local people face many changes in their life due to
the tourism in the host country. Littering and the dust everywhere frustrates them with a lot of
traffic jam in the host country. The tourism on other hand also play the role protector of the wildlife
and famous locations of the country in order to maintain the quality and the real beauty of the place
for their future generations. The vacant property of the people opens up a new opportunities for the
business owners to open a hotel on the vacant lands of the local people who migrated from host
country to the other country. The tourists also bring some disease or pollution to the host country.
The host country always at a risk of a getting infected by any unwanted disease in the country and
disturb the environment of the country. Apart from the positive impacts of the tourists on the host
country such as creating new job opportunities, building relationships, opening of new chains of
hotels, global access to all the resources. It also possess negative impact on the host country is that
the risk of dangerous disease and interferences in the whole environment.
comfortless.
image as the tourists will
understand the actual problem
faced by this place.
Terrorisms Attacks of the terrorist will
decline the ratio of the visitors
Attacks and unstable
government will not attract
wide number of customers but
also declines the regular
visitors.
There are several kinds of essential benefits attained by the tourism. It can be social or
economic benefits, mainly significant for the developing nation. The implications may be positive
as well as negative on the economy of the developing nation (Weidenfeld, Butler, 2016). A lot of
discussion have been done in respect to the advantage or harmful to the particular business
environment. Apart from the confusing state of mind one side is that it also creates a couple of
opportunities in employment sector. It generates a lot of job opportunities in the various sectors
such as transport, retail, IT sector, local markets, hotels & resorts. It generates lot of income to the
host country where all other tourists’ destinations are located such as United Kingdom. It promotes
the various kinds of cultural values, social beliefs, religion practices and pressures of political
imposed by the government of a particular place. Consequently the jobs are created are not
permanent but these are seasonal jobs. When the need of the workers arises they get their job back
but they don't have job security in their hands. The acts of tourists and tourists’ destinations
adversely affect the lives of the local people lives there in the host country such as by pollution,
crowd of people everywhere (Pike, 2016.). The local people face many changes in their life due to
the tourism in the host country. Littering and the dust everywhere frustrates them with a lot of
traffic jam in the host country. The tourism on other hand also play the role protector of the wildlife
and famous locations of the country in order to maintain the quality and the real beauty of the place
for their future generations. The vacant property of the people opens up a new opportunities for the
business owners to open a hotel on the vacant lands of the local people who migrated from host
country to the other country. The tourists also bring some disease or pollution to the host country.
The host country always at a risk of a getting infected by any unwanted disease in the country and
disturb the environment of the country. Apart from the positive impacts of the tourists on the host
country such as creating new job opportunities, building relationships, opening of new chains of
hotels, global access to all the resources. It also possess negative impact on the host country is that
the risk of dangerous disease and interferences in the whole environment.
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TASK 4
4.1 Analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourist destination
The tourism sector is impacted by the various factors. These factors influence the places in
terms of their popularity among the all other visitors. Following are the several kinds of the factors
which affect the popularity of tourist destinations:
Weather- Before travelling to any place the people first observe the weather conditions of
the place (Weidenfeld, Butler, 2016). It includes the climatic conditions of the place like if
the place is always remain hot the people visited less to the hot places. The people mostly
visit to that places where average climatic changes occur in the environment.
Global Warming- Another important aspect which affect the popularity of the tourist
destination. Every people wants to protect itself from the several kinds of the pollution like
water pollution, noise pollution and air pollution created by the misbalance in the whole
environment and stable environmental conditions.
Government Legislation- Every country is regulated by the government for proper
administration of the country in order to avoid the danger situations. The governmental
policies plays a significance role in increasing the number of the visitors in the country by
imposing easy terms and conditions.
Terrorism- It is one of the important thing which affects the increasing popularity of the
tourist destination with the action of terrorists spread all over the destinations.
Financial requirement- The tourism sector is really affected by the financial system of the
host country (Heo, 2016). For proper sightseeing and complete exploring the tourist
destinations the ample of finance money is required in order to live properly.
Sustainable tourism- It plays a vital role in the tourism in enrichment of hidden and latent
resources of the natural environment exposed to the public within the restricted access of the
resources in order to procure them for them for the near future.
Natural calamities- The places at high risks of the occurrence of the natural calamities
people generally avoid going to that places. Natural calamities that have generally high
chances of occurring is earthquakes and flood that destroy all the scenic beauty of the
destinations and takes a lot of time to recover back at the same position. This decreased the
visitors of that place and the long term relationships with that country.
Expensive Travel- It is a factual fact that the travel agencies of luxurious in nature usually
hike all the prices in order to challenge the tourism industry.
4.1 Analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourist destination
The tourism sector is impacted by the various factors. These factors influence the places in
terms of their popularity among the all other visitors. Following are the several kinds of the factors
which affect the popularity of tourist destinations:
Weather- Before travelling to any place the people first observe the weather conditions of
the place (Weidenfeld, Butler, 2016). It includes the climatic conditions of the place like if
the place is always remain hot the people visited less to the hot places. The people mostly
visit to that places where average climatic changes occur in the environment.
Global Warming- Another important aspect which affect the popularity of the tourist
destination. Every people wants to protect itself from the several kinds of the pollution like
water pollution, noise pollution and air pollution created by the misbalance in the whole
environment and stable environmental conditions.
Government Legislation- Every country is regulated by the government for proper
administration of the country in order to avoid the danger situations. The governmental
policies plays a significance role in increasing the number of the visitors in the country by
imposing easy terms and conditions.
Terrorism- It is one of the important thing which affects the increasing popularity of the
tourist destination with the action of terrorists spread all over the destinations.
Financial requirement- The tourism sector is really affected by the financial system of the
host country (Heo, 2016). For proper sightseeing and complete exploring the tourist
destinations the ample of finance money is required in order to live properly.
Sustainable tourism- It plays a vital role in the tourism in enrichment of hidden and latent
resources of the natural environment exposed to the public within the restricted access of the
resources in order to procure them for them for the near future.
Natural calamities- The places at high risks of the occurrence of the natural calamities
people generally avoid going to that places. Natural calamities that have generally high
chances of occurring is earthquakes and flood that destroy all the scenic beauty of the
destinations and takes a lot of time to recover back at the same position. This decreased the
visitors of that place and the long term relationships with that country.
Expensive Travel- It is a factual fact that the travel agencies of luxurious in nature usually
hike all the prices in order to challenge the tourism industry.
4.2 Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide
tourist destination
Following are the responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide tourists’
destination:
It reduces the effects of financial, ecological and communal environment
It provides high quality produce for local peoples and also improves the host country's
societies, business accessibility and advanced operations of the business.
It gives chance to local people for engaging in assessments activities such as identification
of means of livelihood, their existence.
It helps to encourage the citizens of the local communities to involve in maintenance
procedures in order to achieve what they want.
It offers wide range of opportunities to the local people to enhance their local business with
the support of the tourist destination.
The resources are provided to them as per their requirement and responses.
Developing nation like Costa Rica needs to adopt all the characteristic in order to convert
their potential into the growth of the tourism sector of the CostaRica (Matzler. et.al. 2016).
Following are the characteristics that Costa Rica is acknowledged for which are:
Planned and attractive townships
Welcoming local citizens
Natural beauty of the environment
Welcoming ecologically position
Variability of the attractions
Easy government norms and policies
Accessibility with roads and many modes
Scenic beauty
No terrorism
Stable environmental conditions
The main role and the responsibilities of a tourism sector of any nation is to generate income
from the different sources of the nation. The objectives of the tourism industry needs to be designed
as per the special considerations on the effective areas of the tourism sector. The areas of resorts and
travel hub have to be maintained properly in an improved manner (Claveria, and Poluzzi, 2016).
Various destinations are there all over the globe have to be planned in an adequate manner in order
to enhance the footfall in the growth of the Costa Rica. The plans and the endorsement of the
destination have to very creative and innovative so that the travellers chose this place over and
above other substitute destinations by the competitors. The provision of the security needs to be
tourist destination
Following are the responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide tourists’
destination:
It reduces the effects of financial, ecological and communal environment
It provides high quality produce for local peoples and also improves the host country's
societies, business accessibility and advanced operations of the business.
It gives chance to local people for engaging in assessments activities such as identification
of means of livelihood, their existence.
It helps to encourage the citizens of the local communities to involve in maintenance
procedures in order to achieve what they want.
It offers wide range of opportunities to the local people to enhance their local business with
the support of the tourist destination.
The resources are provided to them as per their requirement and responses.
Developing nation like Costa Rica needs to adopt all the characteristic in order to convert
their potential into the growth of the tourism sector of the CostaRica (Matzler. et.al. 2016).
Following are the characteristics that Costa Rica is acknowledged for which are:
Planned and attractive townships
Welcoming local citizens
Natural beauty of the environment
Welcoming ecologically position
Variability of the attractions
Easy government norms and policies
Accessibility with roads and many modes
Scenic beauty
No terrorism
Stable environmental conditions
The main role and the responsibilities of a tourism sector of any nation is to generate income
from the different sources of the nation. The objectives of the tourism industry needs to be designed
as per the special considerations on the effective areas of the tourism sector. The areas of resorts and
travel hub have to be maintained properly in an improved manner (Claveria, and Poluzzi, 2016).
Various destinations are there all over the globe have to be planned in an adequate manner in order
to enhance the footfall in the growth of the Costa Rica. The plans and the endorsement of the
destination have to very creative and innovative so that the travellers chose this place over and
above other substitute destinations by the competitors. The provision of the security needs to be
attached with the destination in order to ensure the safety of the local citizens as well as tourists.
The customer security should be in the various manner such as it has to be social, cultural,
economic, environmental, architectural, political as well as aesthetic terms. It requires huge amount
of coordination and co-operation from all the relevant and related parties to support the proper
administration and management of the tourist destination place. It needs to ne maintain the quality
standards of the destinations in order to capture the visitors's interests for long time of period. The
government legislations on the tourists places is to maintain the dignity of the royal and heritage
properties of the king and their ancestors (Mussalam,and Tajeddini, 2016). The government also
imposes several kinds of duty and penalty on the wrongdoers or the person who disrespect the
historical monuments, statues, museums in order to protect the interests of the tourists’ attractions.
The other facilities also affect the popularity of the destination by providing basic services at every
places such as toilets, washing facilities, maps and sufficiently well serviced campsites to give
enjoyment to the customers and also enhance their staying experience with the host country. The
number of international visitors has increased with the passage of the time. It also helps to
continuously monitoring the changes in the whole tourism industry and their impact on the
economic growth of the host country such as Costa Rica.
CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be concluded that the tourists’ destination has great impact on
the host country. It affects adversely the lives of the local citizens living in that country. It also
includes main tourists’ destinations and their implications on the host country. It also shows the
comparison between developing and the developed tourists destination for which UK and Costa
Rica has been taken into considerations. It contains the appeal of the tourist destination among the
all other tourists. It also shows the comparison of the current appeal of developing and developed
nation has been taken into considerations.
The customer security should be in the various manner such as it has to be social, cultural,
economic, environmental, architectural, political as well as aesthetic terms. It requires huge amount
of coordination and co-operation from all the relevant and related parties to support the proper
administration and management of the tourist destination place. It needs to ne maintain the quality
standards of the destinations in order to capture the visitors's interests for long time of period. The
government legislations on the tourists places is to maintain the dignity of the royal and heritage
properties of the king and their ancestors (Mussalam,and Tajeddini, 2016). The government also
imposes several kinds of duty and penalty on the wrongdoers or the person who disrespect the
historical monuments, statues, museums in order to protect the interests of the tourists’ attractions.
The other facilities also affect the popularity of the destination by providing basic services at every
places such as toilets, washing facilities, maps and sufficiently well serviced campsites to give
enjoyment to the customers and also enhance their staying experience with the host country. The
number of international visitors has increased with the passage of the time. It also helps to
continuously monitoring the changes in the whole tourism industry and their impact on the
economic growth of the host country such as Costa Rica.
CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be concluded that the tourists’ destination has great impact on
the host country. It affects adversely the lives of the local citizens living in that country. It also
includes main tourists’ destinations and their implications on the host country. It also shows the
comparison between developing and the developed tourists destination for which UK and Costa
Rica has been taken into considerations. It contains the appeal of the tourist destination among the
all other tourists. It also shows the comparison of the current appeal of developing and developed
nation has been taken into considerations.
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References
Journals
Brown, G., Smith, A. and Assaker, G., 2016. Revisiting the host city: An empirical examination of
sport involvement, place attachment, event satisfaction and spectator intentions at the
London Olympics. Tourism Management. 55. pp.160-172.
Claveria, O. and Poluzzi, A., 2016. Positioning and clustering of the world’s top tourist destinations
by means of dimensionality reduction techniques for categorical data. Journal of Destination
Marketing & Management.
Fu, H., Ye, B.H. and Xiang, J., 2016. Reality TV, audience travel intentions, and destination image.
Tourism Management. 55. pp.37-48.
Heo, C.Y., 2016. Shopping destinations and trust–Tourist attitudes: Scale development and
validation.Tourism Management. 54. pp.490-501.
Lee, S. and Bai, B., 2016. Influence of popular culture on special interest tourists' destination
image. Tourism Management. 52. pp.161-169.
Matzler. et.al. 2016. Brand personality and culture: The role of cultural differences on the impact of
brand personality perceptions on tourists' visit intentions. Tourism Management. 52. pp.507-
520.
Miličević, K., Mihalič, T. and Sever, 2016. An investigation of the Relationship Between
Destination Branding and Destination Competitiveness. Journal of Travel & Tourism
Marketing. pp.1-13.
Moscardo, G. and Murphy, L., 2016. Using destination community wellbeing to assess tourist
markets: A case study of Magnetic Island, Australia. Journal of Destination Marketing &
Management. 5(1). Pp.55-64.
Mussalam, G.Q. and Tajeddini, K., 2016. Tourism in Switzerland: How perceptions of place
attributes for short and long holiday can influence destination choice. Journal of Hospitality
and Tourism Management. 26. pp.18-26.
Qu, H. and Hsu, M.K., 2016. Toward an integrated model of tourist expectation formation and
gender difference. Tourism Management. 54. pp.58-71.
Tyagi, A., Dhar, R.L. and Sharma, J., 2016. Police culture, tourists and destinations: A study of
Uttarakhand, India. Tourism Management. 52. pp.563-573.
Whang, H., Yong, S. 2016. Pop culture, destination images, and visit intentions: Theory and
research on travel motivations of Chinese and Russian tourists. Journal of Business
Research. 69(2). pp.631-641.
Books
Boniface, B., Cooper, 2016. Worldwide destinations: the geography of travel and tourism.
Routledge.
Pike, S., 2016. Destination Marketing: Essentials. Routledge.
Robinson, M. and Picard, D., 2016. Emotion in Motion: Tourism, Affect and Transformation.
Journals
Brown, G., Smith, A. and Assaker, G., 2016. Revisiting the host city: An empirical examination of
sport involvement, place attachment, event satisfaction and spectator intentions at the
London Olympics. Tourism Management. 55. pp.160-172.
Claveria, O. and Poluzzi, A., 2016. Positioning and clustering of the world’s top tourist destinations
by means of dimensionality reduction techniques for categorical data. Journal of Destination
Marketing & Management.
Fu, H., Ye, B.H. and Xiang, J., 2016. Reality TV, audience travel intentions, and destination image.
Tourism Management. 55. pp.37-48.
Heo, C.Y., 2016. Shopping destinations and trust–Tourist attitudes: Scale development and
validation.Tourism Management. 54. pp.490-501.
Lee, S. and Bai, B., 2016. Influence of popular culture on special interest tourists' destination
image. Tourism Management. 52. pp.161-169.
Matzler. et.al. 2016. Brand personality and culture: The role of cultural differences on the impact of
brand personality perceptions on tourists' visit intentions. Tourism Management. 52. pp.507-
520.
Miličević, K., Mihalič, T. and Sever, 2016. An investigation of the Relationship Between
Destination Branding and Destination Competitiveness. Journal of Travel & Tourism
Marketing. pp.1-13.
Moscardo, G. and Murphy, L., 2016. Using destination community wellbeing to assess tourist
markets: A case study of Magnetic Island, Australia. Journal of Destination Marketing &
Management. 5(1). Pp.55-64.
Mussalam, G.Q. and Tajeddini, K., 2016. Tourism in Switzerland: How perceptions of place
attributes for short and long holiday can influence destination choice. Journal of Hospitality
and Tourism Management. 26. pp.18-26.
Qu, H. and Hsu, M.K., 2016. Toward an integrated model of tourist expectation formation and
gender difference. Tourism Management. 54. pp.58-71.
Tyagi, A., Dhar, R.L. and Sharma, J., 2016. Police culture, tourists and destinations: A study of
Uttarakhand, India. Tourism Management. 52. pp.563-573.
Whang, H., Yong, S. 2016. Pop culture, destination images, and visit intentions: Theory and
research on travel motivations of Chinese and Russian tourists. Journal of Business
Research. 69(2). pp.631-641.
Books
Boniface, B., Cooper, 2016. Worldwide destinations: the geography of travel and tourism.
Routledge.
Pike, S., 2016. Destination Marketing: Essentials. Routledge.
Robinson, M. and Picard, D., 2016. Emotion in Motion: Tourism, Affect and Transformation.
Routledge.
Weidenfeld, A., Butler, 2016. Visitor attractions and events: locations and linkages. Routledge.
Weidenfeld, A., Butler, 2016. Visitor attractions and events: locations and linkages. Routledge.
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