Lean Project Management in FIFA 2018 World Cup Football Tournament
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This paper discusses the implementation of lean project management in FIFA 2018 World Cup Football Tournament. It covers the voice of customers, critical to customer requirements, critical to quality parameters, ways of implementing lean project management, process for supporting lean project implementation, PMBOK, PRINCE2, Organisational Project Management, Agile Practice, and Lean Six Sigma.
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Leading Lean project – FIFA 2018 World Cup
Football Tournament
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Football Tournament
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Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................2
Voice of Customers (VOC).........................................................................................................................2
Critical to Customer Requirements (CCR)..................................................................................................2
Critical to Quality Parameters (CTQ)..........................................................................................................3
Ways for implementing lean project management in the event...................................................................3
Process for supporting lean project implementation....................................................................................5
PMBOK...................................................................................................................................................5
PRINCE2.................................................................................................................................................6
Organisational Project Management (OPM)............................................................................................7
Agile Practice..........................................................................................................................................8
Lean Six Sigma.......................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................9
References.................................................................................................................................................10
Appendices................................................................................................................................................11
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Introduction.................................................................................................................................................2
Voice of Customers (VOC).........................................................................................................................2
Critical to Customer Requirements (CCR)..................................................................................................2
Critical to Quality Parameters (CTQ)..........................................................................................................3
Ways for implementing lean project management in the event...................................................................3
Process for supporting lean project implementation....................................................................................5
PMBOK...................................................................................................................................................5
PRINCE2.................................................................................................................................................6
Organisational Project Management (OPM)............................................................................................7
Agile Practice..........................................................................................................................................8
Lean Six Sigma.......................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................9
References.................................................................................................................................................10
Appendices................................................................................................................................................11
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Introduction
FIFA is the international world cup tournament which took place almost every four years where
most of the countries participate in the game. In the year 2018 Russia host the FIFA world cup
tournament where 32 teams took participation. The tournament cost almost 14.2 billion dollars
and also this time it uses the technology of video assistant referee system that is VAR (2018
FIFA World Cup Russia, 2018). The primary purpose of this paper is to provide a clear
understanding of the lean project management that is being implemented within the FIFA world
cup tournament event. In this paper the further discussion on a voice of customers, then the
critical to customer requirements along with the critical to quality parameters. The paper also
shows the discussion on the ways of implementing the lean project management in the football
world cup tournament. In this paper further discussion on the supportive process for the
implementation of lean project management is also provided.
Voice of Customers (VOC)
Voice of Customer is the primary procedure for gathering the information and the feedback from
the clients and the customers. This help to analyse the view and the feedback from the customers
on a particular product or the service. This is an entirely proactive function along with the
constant innovative process for understanding the change within the need along with the
requirements of the customers (Desbordes, & Chanavat, 2017). The VOC of the clients is being
captured with the help of interview, observation and the survey. For FIFA football world cup the
management team performs survey and interview for the customers which help them to
understand the need of the clients. The FIFA tournament is the biggest event in the world and for
that, the survey needs to be performed in the effective way to provide valuable working function.
Understanding the feedback of the sponsor and the clients regarding the seating arrangement
than the facilities provided during the tournament directly depend on the VOC. This process also
helps the event management to understand the requirements and the level of satisfaction of the
players with the help of their VOC regarding the arrangement and facilities.
Critical to Customer Requirements (CCR)
Critical to customer requirement is the complex process that deals with the requirement or the
wants of the customers in the field. It can be seen that the consumers are the primary authority
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FIFA is the international world cup tournament which took place almost every four years where
most of the countries participate in the game. In the year 2018 Russia host the FIFA world cup
tournament where 32 teams took participation. The tournament cost almost 14.2 billion dollars
and also this time it uses the technology of video assistant referee system that is VAR (2018
FIFA World Cup Russia, 2018). The primary purpose of this paper is to provide a clear
understanding of the lean project management that is being implemented within the FIFA world
cup tournament event. In this paper the further discussion on a voice of customers, then the
critical to customer requirements along with the critical to quality parameters. The paper also
shows the discussion on the ways of implementing the lean project management in the football
world cup tournament. In this paper further discussion on the supportive process for the
implementation of lean project management is also provided.
Voice of Customers (VOC)
Voice of Customer is the primary procedure for gathering the information and the feedback from
the clients and the customers. This help to analyse the view and the feedback from the customers
on a particular product or the service. This is an entirely proactive function along with the
constant innovative process for understanding the change within the need along with the
requirements of the customers (Desbordes, & Chanavat, 2017). The VOC of the clients is being
captured with the help of interview, observation and the survey. For FIFA football world cup the
management team performs survey and interview for the customers which help them to
understand the need of the clients. The FIFA tournament is the biggest event in the world and for
that, the survey needs to be performed in the effective way to provide valuable working function.
Understanding the feedback of the sponsor and the clients regarding the seating arrangement
than the facilities provided during the tournament directly depend on the VOC. This process also
helps the event management to understand the requirements and the level of satisfaction of the
players with the help of their VOC regarding the arrangement and facilities.
Critical to Customer Requirements (CCR)
Critical to customer requirement is the complex process that deals with the requirement or the
wants of the customers in the field. It can be seen that the consumers are the primary authority
2 | P a eg
who determine the purchase behaviour regarding the product or the service. This process
eventually helps to understand the behaviour of the customers in making a decision regarding the
purchase of the products (Gyulai, Kovács, Sovány, Csóka, & Aigner, 2018). This is one of the
vital and the crucial activity which the event manager needs to perform so that it became much
easier for the management process to understand the reason behind the purchasing of service. For
getting the ticket for the tournament is one of the vital parts for the event management to perform
the activity. In this process, the event management of the football tournament provides their
ticketing process in two vital ways so that the buying behaviour of the customers can be
provoked. In one of the term, it can be seen that tournament provide the tickets on the random
selection basis and the other way is by first come and first serve. The product is related with the
event which has a unique place for the people in their heart and for that both the process of
providing ticket help to attract the customers.
Critical to Quality Parameters (CTQ)
Critical to the Quality parameter is the quality of the product and the service that is being
provided to the customers. CTQ is the crucial aspect for understanding the internal quality and
the long-term process of the service for the customers. The entire quality of the product or the
service are addressed with the help of the voice of customers (Kornegay, 2015). It can be seen
that after the analysis of the voice of customers the quality of a product or the service are
improved for the betterment of the service. FIFA football world cup tournament needs to
maintain their quality of service on the basis of feedback so that the event carries on smoothly
without any issue. As in this event, lots of countries and team are involved to maintain the
quality in every service of the tournament is essential for the vent management. This process
effectively helps the project to understand the need of the customers and also maintain the
outcome of the entire project process. Managing the quality in arrangement and service for the
inauguration of the FIFA world cup and the entire gaming tournament is done with the help of
critical to quality parameters for the customers.
Ways for implementing lean project management in the event
Lean project management is the method by which the waste and the negative impact within the
project are reduced. This process also helps to maintain a continuous improvement within the
project management. In the FIFA world cup tournament, the implementation of lean project
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eventually helps to understand the behaviour of the customers in making a decision regarding the
purchase of the products (Gyulai, Kovács, Sovány, Csóka, & Aigner, 2018). This is one of the
vital and the crucial activity which the event manager needs to perform so that it became much
easier for the management process to understand the reason behind the purchasing of service. For
getting the ticket for the tournament is one of the vital parts for the event management to perform
the activity. In this process, the event management of the football tournament provides their
ticketing process in two vital ways so that the buying behaviour of the customers can be
provoked. In one of the term, it can be seen that tournament provide the tickets on the random
selection basis and the other way is by first come and first serve. The product is related with the
event which has a unique place for the people in their heart and for that both the process of
providing ticket help to attract the customers.
Critical to Quality Parameters (CTQ)
Critical to the Quality parameter is the quality of the product and the service that is being
provided to the customers. CTQ is the crucial aspect for understanding the internal quality and
the long-term process of the service for the customers. The entire quality of the product or the
service are addressed with the help of the voice of customers (Kornegay, 2015). It can be seen
that after the analysis of the voice of customers the quality of a product or the service are
improved for the betterment of the service. FIFA football world cup tournament needs to
maintain their quality of service on the basis of feedback so that the event carries on smoothly
without any issue. As in this event, lots of countries and team are involved to maintain the
quality in every service of the tournament is essential for the vent management. This process
effectively helps the project to understand the need of the customers and also maintain the
outcome of the entire project process. Managing the quality in arrangement and service for the
inauguration of the FIFA world cup and the entire gaming tournament is done with the help of
critical to quality parameters for the customers.
Ways for implementing lean project management in the event
Lean project management is the method by which the waste and the negative impact within the
project are reduced. This process also helps to maintain a continuous improvement within the
project management. In the FIFA world cup tournament, the implementation of lean project
3 | P a eg
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management will help the event management to maintain their working function in the most
suitable and effective way (Lam, & Mayer, 2014). This will allow the event management to
make their function segmented in the small projects for gathering effective result on each of the
processes. In the FIFA tournament the best way for the implementation of lean project
management is to focus on the customers, then make the continuous improvement, then seek out
the process of waste reduction along with the leadership focus on the long-term learning process.
These eventually help the event to improve the project and also provide the outcome as per the
requirements of the customers. This also helps the event managers to provide the satisfied and
expected outcome of the sponsors and the players.
The way for the implementation of lean project management are;
Focus on the customers: Focusing on the customers is the vital activity to implement the lean
management within the project. This helps to maintain the entire process and also support for
understanding the need of the customers for the successful development of the project (Wang,
2015). By focusing on the need of the customer it helps the event management to understand
their flaw and their drawback and provide the best option for the consumers. In the football
tournament, the very first priority is regarding the process of ticketing for the tournament. It
needs to be done in the most seamless way that all the people get proper chance to buy the
tickets.
Continuous improvement: Continuous improvement is the process that helps to maintain the
project delivery process within the field. By this way, the lean management is being
implemented within the project where the entire tournament event is segmented into smaller
parts. Small project or the small event parts help to maintain proper monitoring on the particular
process and for that effective function are delivered within the process (Becker, Kautsky, &
Widholm, 2014). The small projects help to reduce the chance of failure and project disaster as in
this procedure the team is small and also their working function is limited but efficient. It helps
to reduce the waste and risk of failure and increase the chance of success.
The process of waste reduction: The process of waste reduction within the project is highly
effective for delivering a successful outcome of the event. The waste of the project is considered
to be overproduction, inventory excess, motion waste, defect and the excess processing. These
need to be maintained within the field for providing an effective working function within the
4 | P a eg
suitable and effective way (Lam, & Mayer, 2014). This will allow the event management to
make their function segmented in the small projects for gathering effective result on each of the
processes. In the FIFA tournament the best way for the implementation of lean project
management is to focus on the customers, then make the continuous improvement, then seek out
the process of waste reduction along with the leadership focus on the long-term learning process.
These eventually help the event to improve the project and also provide the outcome as per the
requirements of the customers. This also helps the event managers to provide the satisfied and
expected outcome of the sponsors and the players.
The way for the implementation of lean project management are;
Focus on the customers: Focusing on the customers is the vital activity to implement the lean
management within the project. This helps to maintain the entire process and also support for
understanding the need of the customers for the successful development of the project (Wang,
2015). By focusing on the need of the customer it helps the event management to understand
their flaw and their drawback and provide the best option for the consumers. In the football
tournament, the very first priority is regarding the process of ticketing for the tournament. It
needs to be done in the most seamless way that all the people get proper chance to buy the
tickets.
Continuous improvement: Continuous improvement is the process that helps to maintain the
project delivery process within the field. By this way, the lean management is being
implemented within the project where the entire tournament event is segmented into smaller
parts. Small project or the small event parts help to maintain proper monitoring on the particular
process and for that effective function are delivered within the process (Becker, Kautsky, &
Widholm, 2014). The small projects help to reduce the chance of failure and project disaster as in
this procedure the team is small and also their working function is limited but efficient. It helps
to reduce the waste and risk of failure and increase the chance of success.
The process of waste reduction: The process of waste reduction within the project is highly
effective for delivering a successful outcome of the event. The waste of the project is considered
to be overproduction, inventory excess, motion waste, defect and the excess processing. These
need to be maintained within the field for providing an effective working function within the
4 | P a eg
project (Cortsen, 2017). For the tournament, it is essential to keep the production of the ticket
within control so that excess money regarding the process did not waste. This is the effective
way of reducing the waste and increasing the chance of success for the project.
Leadership focus on the long-term learning process: The focus of the leadership on the long-
term learning process is highly effective for implementing the lean management within the
project. The learning process within the project management allows the leaders to maintain their
activity and their working function in the most valuable way (Lam, & Mayer, 2014). In the case
of FIFA world cup tournament, the long-term learning process is essential. This tournament took
place after every four years and for that proper planning and design for the event is entirely
based on the long-term process which helps to reduce the chance of failure and increase the
success rate.
Process for supporting lean project implementation
PMBOK
Table 1: PMBOK for implementation of lean management in the project
Process Elaboration FIFA football world cup
tournament
Initiation This is the very first step where the
discussion on the need for project
management and project
development took place
Initiation of the event took place
right after the successful end of the
previous event
Planning This phasing plan and provide a
guideline for the management to
perform their activity
Planning is done for continuous
four years on the look of the event,
opening ceremony activity, ticket
process, guard and location
Execution This phase helps to execute the
planning process in the most
effective way
The execution took place with the
decoration of location, production
of a ticket and other activity for the
tournament
Monitoring and control This process helps to monitor as
well as control the performance
Monitor the performance level of
the employees for maintaining the
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within control so that excess money regarding the process did not waste. This is the effective
way of reducing the waste and increasing the chance of success for the project.
Leadership focus on the long-term learning process: The focus of the leadership on the long-
term learning process is highly effective for implementing the lean management within the
project. The learning process within the project management allows the leaders to maintain their
activity and their working function in the most valuable way (Lam, & Mayer, 2014). In the case
of FIFA world cup tournament, the long-term learning process is essential. This tournament took
place after every four years and for that proper planning and design for the event is entirely
based on the long-term process which helps to reduce the chance of failure and increase the
success rate.
Process for supporting lean project implementation
PMBOK
Table 1: PMBOK for implementation of lean management in the project
Process Elaboration FIFA football world cup
tournament
Initiation This is the very first step where the
discussion on the need for project
management and project
development took place
Initiation of the event took place
right after the successful end of the
previous event
Planning This phasing plan and provide a
guideline for the management to
perform their activity
Planning is done for continuous
four years on the look of the event,
opening ceremony activity, ticket
process, guard and location
Execution This phase helps to execute the
planning process in the most
effective way
The execution took place with the
decoration of location, production
of a ticket and other activity for the
tournament
Monitoring and control This process helps to monitor as
well as control the performance
Monitor the performance level of
the employees for maintaining the
5 | P a eg
level and the working function
within the project
tournament event and also
analysing the feedback of the
customers
Closing This phase is the closing of the event
or the project that clear whether the
project is a success or not
The closing of the event of 2018
FIFA world cup tournament took
place with the delivery of a
successful event
PRINCE2
Table 2: PRINCE2 for implementation of lean management in the project
PRINCE2 Process Elaboration FIFA football world cup
Starting up a project This is the pre-project process
where the design, project team,
and initiation stage plan took
place
The starting of the project
of 2018 FIFA world cup
took place after the end of
2014 tournament
Initiating project This phase provides an
effective view of the project
process, then the acceptance of
business case along with the
commitment of the resources
(PRINCE2 Processes - 7
Processes Of PRINCE2
Explained, 2018)
The working function of
the tournament is
effectively divided among
the group for performing
the project
Directing project This phase provides the view
on the various decision point
along with the project run
throughout the process
Direct the team members
and the clients and even
the sponsors to maintain
their performance level
throughout the project
phase
Controlling stage This process is associated with Manage the team members
6 | P a eg
within the project
tournament event and also
analysing the feedback of the
customers
Closing This phase is the closing of the event
or the project that clear whether the
project is a success or not
The closing of the event of 2018
FIFA world cup tournament took
place with the delivery of a
successful event
PRINCE2
Table 2: PRINCE2 for implementation of lean management in the project
PRINCE2 Process Elaboration FIFA football world cup
Starting up a project This is the pre-project process
where the design, project team,
and initiation stage plan took
place
The starting of the project
of 2018 FIFA world cup
took place after the end of
2014 tournament
Initiating project This phase provides an
effective view of the project
process, then the acceptance of
business case along with the
commitment of the resources
(PRINCE2 Processes - 7
Processes Of PRINCE2
Explained, 2018)
The working function of
the tournament is
effectively divided among
the group for performing
the project
Directing project This phase provides the view
on the various decision point
along with the project run
throughout the process
Direct the team members
and the clients and even
the sponsors to maintain
their performance level
throughout the project
phase
Controlling stage This process is associated with Manage the team members
6 | P a eg
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the monitoring as well as the
controlling process within the
project management
and the activity they
perform regarding the
opening ceremony then
the process of ticketing
and also seating
arrangement for the people
Managing the stage boundary This phase deal with the
primary decision activity
whether to continue the project
or to submerge the project
Need to consider the VOC
regarding various activity
in the project management
and making the decision
on the basis of
continuation of the project
Managing product delivery This phase deals with the
creation of effective delivery
product or service and also
ensure the work done within
the project
Managing the process of
ticketing and also make
the effective arrangement
for the players along with
the people
Closing project This phase shows that the
project has successfully met
with the expected needs
A successful completion
of the event and the game
show the closure of the
project
Organisational Project Management (OPM)
The world is full of competition and in this phase, the organisational project management is the
best way of providing the highly effective result for the competitive advantage. In this process,
the effective strategy is associated with the project to maintain the working function. This help to
maintain the working function of the project team and also ensure valuable practice for the entire
management team (Becker et al., 2014). In this, the governance process helps the project
management to understand the need of the process and also deliver the highly essential activity
within the field. For performing the biggest event like the FIFA world cup tournament it is
highly essential to maintain effective strategy within the field. Management needs to perform
7 | P a eg
controlling process within the
project management
and the activity they
perform regarding the
opening ceremony then
the process of ticketing
and also seating
arrangement for the people
Managing the stage boundary This phase deal with the
primary decision activity
whether to continue the project
or to submerge the project
Need to consider the VOC
regarding various activity
in the project management
and making the decision
on the basis of
continuation of the project
Managing product delivery This phase deals with the
creation of effective delivery
product or service and also
ensure the work done within
the project
Managing the process of
ticketing and also make
the effective arrangement
for the players along with
the people
Closing project This phase shows that the
project has successfully met
with the expected needs
A successful completion
of the event and the game
show the closure of the
project
Organisational Project Management (OPM)
The world is full of competition and in this phase, the organisational project management is the
best way of providing the highly effective result for the competitive advantage. In this process,
the effective strategy is associated with the project to maintain the working function. This help to
maintain the working function of the project team and also ensure valuable practice for the entire
management team (Becker et al., 2014). In this, the governance process helps the project
management to understand the need of the process and also deliver the highly essential activity
within the field. For performing the biggest event like the FIFA world cup tournament it is
highly essential to maintain effective strategy within the field. Management needs to perform
7 | P a eg
their work within the project with the help of effective strategy for delivering the process in the
highly suitable way.
Agile Practice
Agile practice within the project helps to deliver the effective result for the continuous
development of the project within the field. In the agile practice that is being performed by the
FIFA world cup, tournament event manager have to utilise the process of communication. This is
one of the effective ways of maintaining the performance level of the team members and also
provide them the long-term learning skill for the event management. The written communication
have the high value and provide the real-time understanding for the project (Rodriguez et al.,
2016). This help the team members to understand their actions in the field where understanding
the guideline is the effective process. The entire team of FIFA world cup tournament
management has to gather the feedback from the customers and also circulate the guideline to the
entire team for enhancing the quality of service within the field. The guideline help in the long-
term learning process and also in the process of reducing the waste from the project manager for
the successful delivery of the project.
Lean Six Sigma
Lean six sigma is the procedure which effectively relies on the collaborative effort of the team in
improving the performance of the team members. It also supports the project management in the
process of removing waste along with the enhancement of various process within the field. The
implementation of lean six sigma process helps to maintain the tournament cost and the cost
associated with the team members within the project (Wang, 2015). This is a highly effective and
valuable process for maintaining the activity and the working function within the team for
maintaining their valuable working function. This process also helps to improve the game and
the working function of the team members associated with the management team. This process
also allows the members to focus on the needs of the customers and also their VOC, CCR for
understanding the rapid change in the decision of the customers regarding event and the
facilities. This process allows delivering the effective and successful project outcome.
Conclusion
FIFA football world cup tournament is the biggest event in the world and for that effective lean
management is essential to provide the successful development of a project. In this, the paper
8 | P a eg
highly suitable way.
Agile Practice
Agile practice within the project helps to deliver the effective result for the continuous
development of the project within the field. In the agile practice that is being performed by the
FIFA world cup, tournament event manager have to utilise the process of communication. This is
one of the effective ways of maintaining the performance level of the team members and also
provide them the long-term learning skill for the event management. The written communication
have the high value and provide the real-time understanding for the project (Rodriguez et al.,
2016). This help the team members to understand their actions in the field where understanding
the guideline is the effective process. The entire team of FIFA world cup tournament
management has to gather the feedback from the customers and also circulate the guideline to the
entire team for enhancing the quality of service within the field. The guideline help in the long-
term learning process and also in the process of reducing the waste from the project manager for
the successful delivery of the project.
Lean Six Sigma
Lean six sigma is the procedure which effectively relies on the collaborative effort of the team in
improving the performance of the team members. It also supports the project management in the
process of removing waste along with the enhancement of various process within the field. The
implementation of lean six sigma process helps to maintain the tournament cost and the cost
associated with the team members within the project (Wang, 2015). This is a highly effective and
valuable process for maintaining the activity and the working function within the team for
maintaining their valuable working function. This process also helps to improve the game and
the working function of the team members associated with the management team. This process
also allows the members to focus on the needs of the customers and also their VOC, CCR for
understanding the rapid change in the decision of the customers regarding event and the
facilities. This process allows delivering the effective and successful project outcome.
Conclusion
FIFA football world cup tournament is the biggest event in the world and for that effective lean
management is essential to provide the successful development of a project. In this, the paper
8 | P a eg
concludes the fact that for the implementation of lean management that focusing on the
customers along with the long-term leadership learning process is highly effective. The paper
also evaluates that reducing the waste and the continuous improvement process helps to provide
successful delivery of the project. The process like PMBOK, lean six sigma and other process
are also utilised in the paper for supporting the implementation of lean management within the
project and deliver the successful tournament within the market. It is highly effective for
satisfying the need of the customers and providing them with the tournament that they deserve.
9 | P a eg
customers along with the long-term leadership learning process is highly effective. The paper
also evaluates that reducing the waste and the continuous improvement process helps to provide
successful delivery of the project. The process like PMBOK, lean six sigma and other process
are also utilised in the paper for supporting the implementation of lean management within the
project and deliver the successful tournament within the market. It is highly effective for
satisfying the need of the customers and providing them with the tournament that they deserve.
9 | P a eg
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References
2018 FIFA World Cup Russia™ - FIFA.com. (2018). www.fifa.com. Retrieved 2 September
2018, from
Becker, K., Kautsky, R., & Widholm, A. (2014). Watching football in the fan park:
Mediatization, spectatorship and fan identity. The Ashgate research companion to fan
cultures, 275-288.
Cortsen, K. (2017). ‘Re-branding’women’s football by means of a new Sports product: a case
study of women’s football in Denmark. Soccer & Society, 18(7), 1058-1079.
Desbordes, M., & Chanavat, N. (2017). The marketing of football: history, definitions,
singularities, strategies, and forms of operationalization. In Routledge Handbook of
Football Marketing (pp. 25-75). Routledge.
Gyulai, O., Kovács, A., Sovány, T., Csóka, I., & Aigner, Z. (2018). Optimization of the Critical
Parameters of the Spherical Agglomeration Crystallization Method by the Application of
the Quality by Design Approach. Materials, 11(4), 635.
Kornegay, A. L. (2015). Manufacturing Production Companies Can Gain Strategic Global
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Services, and Production (pp. 174-201). IGI Global.
Lam, C. F., & Mayer, D. M. (2014). When do employees speak up for their customers? A model
of voice in a customer service context. Personnel Psychology, 67(3), 637-666.
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2 September 2018, from
Rodriguez, A., van Blerk, L., Fernandes, F., Mendel, J., Rizzini, I., McEleavy, P., & Fyfe, N.
(2016). Mega-Sporting Events, Rights, and Children’s Everyday Lives: Exploring the
Impact of the Brazil 2014 FIFA World Cup. Geographies of global issues: Change and
threat, 79-101.
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2018 FIFA World Cup Russia™ - FIFA.com. (2018). www.fifa.com. Retrieved 2 September
2018, from
Becker, K., Kautsky, R., & Widholm, A. (2014). Watching football in the fan park:
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Appendices
Figure 1: PRINCE2 process
Figure 2: Lean Six Sigma process
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Appendices
Figure 1: PRINCE2 process
Figure 2: Lean Six Sigma process
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Figure 3: FIFA 2018 football world cup ticket management process
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12 | P a eg
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