Learning Environment Types | Assignment

Running head: LEARNING AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
LEARNING AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

Running head: LEARNING AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Introduction of concept
In the process of learning and becoming a teacher, whether it is to be a primary school
teacher or teaching students pursuing bachelor’s degree or any certificate program, the
adaptation of theories. There is mainly five paradigms of teaching theories namely,
“Behaviorism”, “Cognitivism”, “Contructivism”, “Design brain based”, “Humanism”, as well
21st century teaching and learning skills. This study will explain the “Behaviorist approaches”,
“Cognitivism approaches” and “Humanist Approaches”. The study will further provide an
insight of implication of behaviorist approaches in teaching and learning processes, and the
process implemented by teachers in making their student become self-regulated learners. Further
explanation will constitute understanding the effectiveness of metacognition and self-regulation
in learning of students, exploring the various strategies that surrounds cognitive strategies. The
connection between cognitive and constructivism learning will be exemplified by exploring the
strategies. Humanistic Theory will be aligned to the need of implementing “Maslow’s Hierarchy
of Needs” and “Rogers’s concept of Freedom to learn” and their implications will be discussed.
Definitions of Concept
The explanation of “Behaviorism theory” can be constituted by understanding the
student’s behaviors that get affected by various external factors and that helps in better learning
processes. Teachers implement positive and negative reinforcement as tools to relate to students
behavioral pattern and modification-taking place, the learning processes includes punishments
and rewarding systems as important learning processes in bringing discipline and make them
self-regulated. Jean Piaget developed “Cognitivism”, which circulates the concept of a child
perception and cognitive behavior in accepting the external situations and the experiences the

Running head: LEARNING AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
student is going through. In the cognitive learning processes the teachers, recommend their
students to learn from books and lecture notes.
Aligning to the cognitive theory, is the theory of “Constructivism”, explains the sole
responsibility of a person in understanding the worldly situations and chalk out their own ways
of handling them based on their learning from previous experiences (Duchesne & McMaugh ,
2018). In understanding the Cognitive theory and Constructivism theory, two models will be
implemented, that is “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”, and further explaining to Rogers’s
concept of “freedom to learn”. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is one of the motivational theory,
which comprises the understanding of human psychology, and needs. The model is pictured in a
pyramid like structure, representing hierarchical levels that presents the needs such as
physiological, safety, love and belonging, self-esteem and self-actualization of human. This
helps the teachers in understanding the needs of students that they will not be able to perform
according to their full potential until and unless their basic needs are fulfilled. According to
Rogers theory of Freedom to learn, which was developed in the year 1969, that constitutes of
significant and meaningful learning that is provided to the student , and that the student
according to convenience leans and absorbs the teaching to implement in hand-ling real life
experiences (Macfarlane, 2016).
Discussion of concepts’ defining characteristics/principles
In relation to “Cognitive” and “Constructivism” learning, it includes the self-regulated
learning processes in student teaching process. Self-regulated learning, is the plethora of three
key concepts, “Cognition, metacognition and motivation”, whereas, cognition defines the student
psychology in learning, acquiring knowledge and understanding the various situations. On the
other hand, “Metacognition”, is the concept that must be implemented by teachers to guide he

Running head: LEARNING AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
students in effective learning processes and motivation is the drive created to successful
engagement in metacognitive and cognitive activities by both students and teachers. In case of
behaviorist theory, it can be effective only when the outward behavior reflects the student
understanding of situations. According to Thorndike theories, there are three principles of
learning processes that includes the concept of behaviorist theory that is “laws of readiness,
exercise and effects”.
The Model Case
In real life experiences, I have learned that the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is necessary
to make student and teacher learn about their basic needs, which must be fulfilled to reach their
full potential of learning (Najjar & Fares 2017). This theories help in expert teachers to
understand the differences between “Pedagogical Content”, and effective humanitarian teaching
processes. This will help in presenting cognitive roadmaps, to understand students’ progress in
effective performance and understanding real life situations.

Running head: LEARNING AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
References
Duchesne, S., & McMaugh, A. (2018). Educational psychology for learning and teaching.
Cengage AU.
Macfarlane, B. (2016). Freedom to learn: The threat to student academic freedom and why it
needs to be reclaimed. Taylor & Francis.
Najjar, D., & Fares, P. (2017). Managerial motivational practices and motivational differences
between blue-and white-collar employees: Application of maslow's theory. International Journal
of Innovation, Management and Technology, 8(2), 81.