Theories, Principles and Models of Learning and Assessment in Teaching

Brief
Task One — Learning Preference.................................................................................................................2
Theories of Learning ...............................................................................................................................2
Principles of Learning...............................................................................................................................3
Models of Learning & Learning Preference.............................................................................................4
Application of Theories towards teaching...............................................................................................4
Application of Principles towards teaching..............................................................................................5
Application of Models of learning towards teaching...............................................................................6
Importance of considering individual's learning preferences for inclusive teaching, learning &
assessment..............................................................................................................................................6
Theories, principles and models of assessment.....................................................................................10
3 examples of assessments which improves learning and relationships for various learners. ..............13
TASK 4 .......................................................................................................................................................14
B. Personal learning on the area of curriculum research ......................................................................14
TASK-5.......................................................................................................................................................15

A) Theories and models of Reflection and evaluation...........................................................................15
B) Reflective account.............................................................................................................................17
References.................................................................................................................................................20
Task One — Learning Preference
Theories of Learning
There are various theories of learning some of them are discusses further in the report.

Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning makes an individual respond to some motive which normally does not
result a response and depends on the prediction of future (Clark, 2018). Classical conditioning can be
called as automatic learning or unconscious learning. There are various terms which helps to describe the
learning process in a child these terms are discussed below:
 Unconditioned Stimulus — This stimulus makes the person provide an automatic response. It
happens naturally there is no pre determined action for the same.
 Neutral Stimulus — Neutral stimulus initially does not activate a proper response to the
condition.
 Conditioned Stimulus — It is a neutral stimulus that becomes the conditioned stimulus when
combined with the unconditioned stimulus.
 Unconditioned Response — Unconditioned response is a response that happen naturally without
any creation.
 Conditioned Response — Conditioned response is a response which is learned or created by the
child as there was no response existed initially.
The application of the theory is such that the learner is taught a correlation of an event
with his reaction. Further this is converted into a behaviour of that person towards the event
(Jean, 2019). For example, if a teacher makes the child wear gloves whenever they will take
them to play cricket. It will develop a habit in the child that whenever he will see the teacher
brings gloves he will get excited for playing cricket. This will make learning easier for the child
as he gains the knowledge of what to do when a particular action is done by the teacher.
In this conditioning teacher can also ensure that the children can overcome their fear, for
this the teacher should ensure that the classroom have positive environment as it will ensure that
the students are able to overcome his fear. For example if the student have a fear of dark, then
teacher can turn off the lights in the class and make them do some fun activities. After
conducting these activities regularly it will ensure the child will lose the fear of darkness. As this
conditioning reduce fear it might inculcate the fear as well. It can be done as the if the child is
bullied continuously in the school he will associate the thing to school, it will make the child hate
school, and he might not come to the school. So here teacher can ensure that the children does

not face any type of bullying this will be inculcated by teaching the children various social
values. Here teacher will show the children what are the benefits it they behave in positive
manner. This might be done by giving gifts whenever student do something good which will
motivate them to behave in that way.
Social Learning Theory
Social learning theory teaches with the help of observation of other people or by listening
the story of a situation. They can learn from observing their parents, teacher, etc. There are 4
processes such as attention, retention, motor reproduction & reinforcement process. These are
described further in the report:
 Attention — If students are focusing on the task given to them it will ensure that the
student are learning some new things. There focus will be on the unique or attractive
things which are taking place in the classroom.
 Retention — If the children are able to retain the information it will be beneficial for
them. It is because they will be able to apply the learned knowledge in a situation.
 Reproduction — If the children practice the learned things it will ensure that the respond
of the children will improve.
 Motivation — Motivation is an important factor during the learning process. It will
ensure that the children apply the learned things in their practices.
This theory was applied as making the person learn through the experience of others as if
a person has positive consequences for a particular action then learner will do the same. For
example, if a child sees his teacher taking care of a plant, the child will also want to the same
thing. It will help the teacher to establish various values that will be beneficial to the child in the
future. These values will be useful for the child in the future.
Here in this theory if the teacher organized a drama that is based on the learnings that are
to be provided to the children. It will ensure that the children will learn various new things from
the drama. Such as what are the good things of the drama which will provide them reward and
what are the wrong things which will give them punishment. Drama will attract the children to
pay attention to the details which happen in the drama. It will also ensure that the children will

try to do the same things which is shown in the drama. Teachers can also try to behave in such a
way which is necessary for the children, as teacher are the main source children learn various
things. For example if teacher is throwing the Waste things in the dust bin children will also
throw the waste things in the dust bin which will ensure the cleanliness of the organization.
How considering individual's learning preferences enables inclusive teaching, learning &
assessment
If a teacher consider the preference of individual learning preference it helps the learner
to achieve quality of learning. The teacher analyses the weakness of the learners and helps them
to overcome those weaknesses. This helps the learner to learn the concepts without any problem
also it assures the learner that he is involved in learning of concepts. This also helps in the
assessment as the learners are inclined towards learning the concepts with effectiveness (Pit-ten
Cate, and et.al., 2018).
By including every learner teacher develops the talent which are hidden within a learner.
Learner are trying to understand the skills which they did not consider previously. Here the
teacher will have to be experienced to analyse the skill which a learner have which will help
them to improve that experience. The skills need to be enhanced which will help the skills to
grow. The learner will be helped when the teacher will analyse the skills an individual have
which needs to be enhanced. By enhancing the skills it will ensure that the learner will be
achieved success in the work which will be beneficial for the assessor to assess the work.
If a teacher will include every learner then they will be able to identify where the person
need improvement. The improvement will be done such that the learner will be motivated and
encouraged to do work in creative way. If the learner will not get instruction then it is possible
that they will not be able to enhance their skills. Inclusive learning help the learner to understand
the concepts in a better way which also include understanding the concepts of their subjects. The
creativity and proper understanding needed more in the concepts which include numbers or art. It
is important for a student to get attention as it helps to develop interest.
If a teacher want to consider the learning pattern of every learner then they will have to
plan some activities. The activities will help to learn the concepts effectively and efficiently as it
included activities which helps to repeat and apply the concepts. This will also help to plan the

timetable which will consider tutoring, counselling or interaction. Here the teacher will target the
area of interest of individual learner in a way every learner need can be fulfilled. By fulfilling the
need of the learner, teacher can easily assess the success of the learner according the set criteria.
It will help the teacher to organize the classes such that which is suitable for every
learners' preference. This is according to the learning ability of every learner which can be either
their weakness or strengths. The teacher will ensure that the arrangement is according to the
learner. Here the learner will be able to settle according to their needs which will improve the
efficiency and effectiveness. The learner will get appropriate material, equipment, etc. which will
help the assessors to assess properly.
TASK 2 COMMUNICATION
The theories, principles and models of communication plays special role in teaching,
learning and assessment for area of specialism which is based on English. Models of
communication are further formed to be primitively crucial, for developed technical engagement
worked on for authentic goals. The area of specialism English is authentically crucial, to
improvise extended theories and models of communication, for principle timely engagement
based on significant extended timely growth. It can be also analyzed that theories of
communication are as follows:
 Two step flow model of communication proposes interpersonal reaction has far stronger
effect in shaping public opinion within mass media outlets. It further develops optimized
improved management for extended understanding. Two step flow model of
communication, further evolves rise on professional communication goals to be worked
on extensive scale expansion for improved communication (Babalola, 2019).
 The multi-step flow theory of communication plays crucial role in developing
interpersonal interaction among professional benchmarks that further enhances
competitive growth in communication. It develops criteria for effective extended timely
flow of communication to be done among various people, for determined optimum