Learning Disabilities | PPT

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Learning disabilities
By
Franca Elabor
Sullivan university
Developmental psychology

Introduction
•There are few signs that caregivers and teachers might notice if teen is dealing with
learning disability, for instance, they might be lagging , strong dislike and difficulty in
writing, organizing information, frustration or untidy in class work.
• learning disability includes:
• problems with remembering
•Disorganization
•Issues with math skills unable to express themselves

Impacts of learning disability
to Adults, unknown learning disability can impact them in through the
following ways:
• Job choice
• Limited career advancement
• Psychological problems

Testing learning disability
Difference between their scores
•These tests are IQ and standard achievement test .
•Most kids who have learning disability have normal or above average
intelligence, but do not fully display the same potential on the achievement test .
•Most states define learning disability as the difference of 15 points, but the criteria
for services differs from one country to another .
•Early signs of learning disability can be noted by risk factors that shows the need
to watch for early intervention.

Risk factors for learning disability
• Risk factors for learning disabilities includes;
a) Family history of learning disability
b) Poverty
c) Illness affecting brain and injuries
d) Poor parental medical care and nutrition
• Developmental delays in any of the following can suggest the possibilities of learning disabilities:
a) Cognitive skills
b) Gross motor
c) Social emotional
d) Fine motor

learning disabilities
Dyslexia
• Its learning disorder that hinders students’ ability to read and understand texts
• There are large number of which this disability can be apparent, that is:
a) Phonemic awareness – failure to acknowledge the way words are break down according to sound
b) Phonological processing –students cannot separate between similar words
c) Fluency
d) Spelling
e) Comprehension
• a parent should talk to their kids’ teacher about setting up meeting to make an organized, written plan that
outlines their children’s needs and the school will help him or her manage the issues the child is having.
• Children with dyslexia will get additional help in kindergarten of first grade frequently to amend their reading
skills to a point to be able to make progress in reading and writing.

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• Students who did not get help until future grades may have more trouble learning what is
required to read well.
• They are liable to fall behind academically, might not be able to keep up .
• Proceeding in employment can be hard for adults trouble with dyslexia . To help accomplish
their goals , they might search for assessment and education aid with writing and reading, no
matter what age .
• They can also seek about extra education and fair adaption from their employer or
educational establishment under the American with disability act .
• Attention deficit has struck more than six million kids in the world .
• While there are several discussions as to whether or not ADHD is a learning disability in the
most technological sense , there is no uncertainty that it is a learning handicap .

Types of ADHD medication
Stimulant medication
• Central nervous system stimulants are the most usually prescribed type of ADHD drugs. These medicine work by increasing the mount
of brain chemicals called dopamine norepinephrine. This helps improves your child’s concentration and help them focus better.
• Common CNS stimulants use to treat ADHD includes:
a) Amphetamine- based stimulant
b) Desoxyne
c) Focaline
Non stimulant medication
• Non-stimulant medication is preferred when the stimulant medicines have not worked or has side effects that your child finds hard to
handle .
• Non- stimulant medication includes;
a) Atomoxetine
b) Pamolor

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• Math is another major problem when it comes to learning disability.
• While difficulty in reading can affect the student’s ability in math, some students also suffers from dyscalculia, which
is a disorder that specifically affects one’s math capabilities.
• Dyscalculia can range from inability to order numbers correctly to an extend to limited strategies in solving problems.
• Students with math disorder may have trouble performing basic calculations or may have difficulties with concepts
like time, measurement or estimation.
• There are many ways you can help top build your child’s math skills at home. Thus through:
a) Afterschool activities
b) Multisensory instructions
c) Use of manipulative and assistive technologies
• While reading disability receives the most attention, writing disabilities can be equally difficult to overcome. These
disabilities are known as dysgraphia.

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• Dysgraphia can be related to physical hand writing.
• These students often cannot hold pencil correctly and their posture may be tense while
trying to write.
• This leads them to tire easily causing discouragement that further inhibits progress.
• Occupational therapy can often help with this. Therapist can work to improve the hand
strength and fine motor coordination needed to type and write by hand. They might also help
the kids to learn correct arm position and body posture while writing.
• Therapist can train kids to work on the week spot by using positive self- talk to manage their
writing challenge. Such strategies help kids to approach their writing assignment in ways that
reduces frustrations.

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• Children with CAPD have to work harder than other kids to pay attention and
may need more frequent downtime to consolidate the information.
• Use microphone or headset to amplify the teachers voice to help focus the
attention to the teacher.
• At home, parent of kids with APD can boost the auditory attention with games
and tapes . Games like simple Simon teaches listening strategy and provide
chance to practice.
• Story types such as peter pan can have the same benefit to such kids.