Learning Styles, Adult Learning Principles, and Classroom Management Techniques

This document explores various learning styles, including auditory, visual, and kinesthetic, as well as Honey & Mumford's learning styles: Activist, Pragmatist, Reflector, and Theorist. It delves into the principles of adult learning, highlighting the importance of self-direction, experience, relevance, goal-orientation, problem-solving, and motivation. Additionally, it provides practical strategies for managing challenging classroom dynamics, such as dealing with dominating and quiet students. The document concludes with techniques for structuring, pacing, and enhancing learning, as well as considerations for choosing a venue for sessions and resources for learners with special needs.

Activity Tool 1
1. Describe the following learning styles.
a. Auditory
Auditory learning is the type of learning in which an individual learns something through listening. An
individual learns through speaking and hearing and it is their main method to learn. The auditor learners
hear and analyze what is being taught to them and understand the orders and instructions. But if the
instructions given are not in logical order it creates problems for auditory learners to understand the
instructions. Auditory learners use their listening skills to understand the instructions. Whenever an
instruction is given to auditory learners they speak loudly so that they can memorize that instruction.
Instructors use various techniques to teach learners like conducting group discussions, group activities
and reading aloud.
b. Visual
Visual learning is the type of learning in which an individual learns something through seeing. An
individual learns through seeing maps, images, diagrams, graphs visually. Research shows that learning
through this method increases the probability to remember the things as compare to learn in class.
When visual learners use a visual type of learning it enhance and develop their critical learning skills.
They are good at remembering the face and have a good sense of humor and direction. The visual
learners prefer to study stories rather than to listen to the stories. They study things by looking images
and diagrams. Visual learners are also called visual-spatial learners.
c. Kinaesthetic
Kinaesthetic learning is the type of learning in which an individual learns something through doing
physical activities rather than seeing or listening things. An individual who prefers kinaesthetic learning
is called “do-ers”. The kinaesthetic learners learn things by performing experiment rather than studying
theory. The kinaesthetic student doing different activities like dance, drama, stage play and various
practical projects. The learning skills are not for long-term the memory of kinaesthetic students are for
short term.
2. Describe Honey & Mumford’s Activist, Pragmatist, Reflector, Theorist.
The Honey & Mumford are the types of learning styles which are developed for children for finding their
preferred way of learning. There are four styles that are activist, pragmatist, reflector and theorist.
a. Activist
The activist is the type of individual who prefers to do things rather than to listen or read things. They
prefer to perform actions and gain experience by doing experiments and learn through experience. The
individual who is activist usually has an open mind they are straightforward and present their point in

front of all and don’t hesitate to present their views. They perform activities like doing group discussions
and doing sessions to solve problems.
b. Pragmatist
The pragmatist is the type of individual who perform experiments with techniques, ideas and theories
and learn through experiments and enhance their skill set. The pragmatist type of individual also thinks
to bring theories into real action and world. A pragmatist type of individual sees a situation and take
advantage as much as he can.
c. Reflector
The reflector is the type of individual who learns things by looking other people and learn from them.
The reflector type of individual observes another person. They compare themselves to a sponge that
absorbs moisture from the environment. When reflector type of individual observes other they are not
being distinguished what is bad and good for them they just simply adopt the things. They got trapped
while observing other persons and become insecure with other persons.
d. Theorist
The theorist is the type of individual who learn through theories. The theorist type of individual read
stories, articles and theories and gain experience through them. They collect information from theories
and learn through theories and quotes. Theorists read the experience of another person, read theories
and assumptions and learn through articles and stories.
3. In your own words, what are the principles of adult learning?
Adult learning is the type of learning which includes all type of formal and informal learning. When an
individual takes a break from initial learning and starts after the break is called adult learning.
The principles of adult learning are: -
a. Adults are self-directed and autonomous
Adults are self-directed means they should be free to learn anything. They should have an option for
what they have to learn. If adults are involved in class-based learning activities they should be
involved in that activities. If adults are involved in an e-learning course, they should have options to
select their own topic and engaged themselves in learning activities.
b. Adults use experience and knowledge in a learning activity.
A person grows he/she gains experience. An adult has knowledge and experience both which he/she
used to perform other activities. The experience is come by doing experiments, and from previous
education. An adult has knowledge as well as experience which they used for further experiments
and learning.
c. Adults use learning to become practical and relevant

Adults collect information and learn relevant topic so that they can use to do practical experiments.
Adults use learning to become practical. They learn with full focus and always relevant to their work.
Adults are always ready to learn and apply their learning in their work.
d. Adults are always goal-oriented
Adults are always ready to take part in the program which is related to learning so that they can
achieve a particular goal. They are always focused towards their goal and do hard work to achieve
their goal.
e. Adults are always ready to take problems and solve them.
Adults use their learning and knowledge to solve the problems. They use their learning techniques
and use them in their personal life as well as use in their personal life. They make proper strategies
and plans to solve the problems which they encountered in their routine work.
f. Adults get motivated by extrinsic and intrinsic factors
Motivation is necessary to perform any task or work. The higher the motivation the higher is the
learning rate of adults. External and internal factors both are responsible for motivating adults.
Whenever an adult starts any new work they are highly motivated in starting.
g. Adults learn through different styles of learning.
Adults learn through different styles of learning. Different styles of learning mean how an individual
learns, process the new content. Every individual has a different learning style.
4. Describe 5 different signs/ behaviors that may indicate learner difficulties.
a. Irregularity in lectures and class
Any learner who is not regular in class indicates that he/ she is facing difficulties to learn and understand
in the class and lectures. An individual is irregular in lectures if he/she is not able to develop interest
during lectures. This is a clear indication that learner is facing difficulties.
b. Unable to interact
The persons who suffer from a disease like autism face problem to interact with other persons. They
face difficulties to present themselves understand other people and also to present their feelings. To
encourage them and motivate them is a very challenging task.
c. Not participates in any activity
When an individual does not take participate in any activity it indicates that learner is facing difficulties.
Activities are performed so that everyone can interact with others and can increase confidence and can
improve communication skills. But if an individual does not take part in any activity it can create a
problem for the individual.

d. Consistently low marks
When any individual score consistently low marks it indicates that individual is facing some problem. It is
clear sign that something is wrong with an individual that’s why he/ she is scoring continuously low
marks.
e. Assignments not done
When an individual not completes their assignments on time it is an indication that some problem is
there with an individual that’s why he/she is not submitting an assignment on time.
5. Describe how you can deal with dominating students in the classroom.
There are always some students who create problems in the class with their notorious behavior. Here,
are some steps that can help to handle dominating students: -
a. Assign work in pair
Always assign work in combination with dominator student and one confident student so that the
dominant student not get enough time to talk.
b. Use strict timings
In this method teacher use strict timings when they assign work. For example, the teacher gives an
assignment to students to summarize their weekend. So, the teacher can give an assignment in this
way that to summarize weekend in 2 minutes so that no can escape from doing the assignment.
c. Ask the quieter person to speak first
It is essential that every student get chance to speak in the class. So, to prevent the class from
dominating student teacher should give chance to the quieter student first so that everybody can
get chance to speak in open discussion or group discussions. Giving chance to the less confident
student can help that student to increase confidence and can speak in front of whole class.
d. Don’t argue with dominating student
Never argue with the student who is dominating in nature it gives them the confidence to do more
argue in the class. If you allow the student to argue with you it will give confidence to other students
to argue with you which will create more problem to handle the situation.
6. Describe how you can deal with quiet students within a classroom.
a. Give everyone fair chance
At the time of discussion tell in advance to quiet students that you have to speak next so that they
become ready to speak in the discussion. The discussion can start with an easy question so that it can
build the confidence of quiet student so that they can speak in front of the class.

b. Create group discussions with quiet students
Create group which contains only quiet students so that dominant student cannot interfere in the
discussion and quiet student get a chance to speak in the discussion openly. This activity should perform
so that the quiet student can come out of their comfort zone and can speak in the discussion.
c. Give student chance to learn kinesthetically
Give chance to quiet students to express their feelings. This can be done by arranging a poster so that
students can write their thoughts on poster board and can express themselves. Allow students to learn
kinesthetically so that they can better understand the theories by doing practically.
d. Give time to each quiet student
Give extra time to the quiet student so that they can become comfortable in the class environment. Give
students extra opportunities so that they can generate some confidence. Give multiple options so that
at least one option can become beneficial for quiet students.
7. Describe 4 different techniques to structure, pace and enhance learning.
The learning can be enhanced, pace and structure so that learner can learn things very fast and can
remember things for a long time. Some of the techniques are mentioned are mentioned here:
a. The objectives should be clearly mentioned
Whenever learner gets any assignment, firstly the objective should be clear in mind that what is the aim
of learning, what will be the result of the assignment, what are the advantage, disadvantage of the
assignment. The objectives should be clear before starting the assignment. The agenda of assignment
should clearly mention.
b. Use other learners experience
Whenever any new work is assigned to learner they can take help from another learner. They can take
benefit of other learner experience so that they did not encounter any problem during learning.
c. Use innovative techniques
Always use some unique and innovative techniques for learning. The variation should be there in
learning styles. Because every person is different and the learning rate and style are different for every
person. For example, some person gets better to understand by listening, some get understand by
speaking. So different techniques should be used at the time of learning.
d. Understand learners
To understand the problem of the learner is the important step. The teacher should always carry
positive attitude towards learners. Teachers should be supportive towards learners and be able to solve
problems of learners so that learner can learn faster and more accurate.

These all techniques can enhance, structure and pace the learning.
8. Describe a process you could follow when teaching a technical skill.
For teaching any technical skill to a student there are numerous steps that can follow by a teacher to
teach a student. The steps are mentioned here: -
a. Teach basic of technical skill.
Whenever a teacher starts to teach a technical skill the first step is to teach basic of that specific
technical skill. The basics should be made clear to the student so that he/she can better understand
that technical skill.
b. Conduct workshops
Proper workshops should be conducted to teach a technical skill. The technical skills should be
taught in workshops so that student can understand the technical skill which he/ she will learn
during the workshop.
c. Technical skill with practical
The practical plays an important role in teaching any technical skill. For better understand practical is
very important. Practical help to understand the concepts, ideas behind the technical skill and better
understand the complete process of technical skill.
d. Give real world example
Whenever teaching any technical skill the applications of that technical skill should also be clearly
mentioned at the time of teaching. The real-world example of that technical skill should be present
in front of learner so that learner can learn faster.
e. Technical skill through digital media
The teacher can take also help of digital media to teach the technical student to the learner. They
can teach technical skill by videos. Seeing videos can help the learner to better understand rather
than teaching technical skill in class.
9. What should you consider when choosing a venue for your sessions?
The factors for choosing a venue for sessions are mentioned here: -
a. The correct fit
The venue for sessions should be bright, light and peaceful so that learner can better understand the
sessions. The venue should be motivated and energized.
b. Location

It is the major factor that plays a vital role at the time of choosing the venue for sessions. The
location should be like that every person can reach the location without facing any difficulty. Check
if there is any disturbing thing is present at the location and if it is present reject the location for
sessions.
c. Cost of venue
The venue should be chosen such that it must be cheap in cost. Choosing an expensive venue
doesn’t make any sense because it takes effect on budget of the organization.
d. Facilities available
At the time of choosing venue the available facilities at the venue are also important. The facilities
like proper ventilation in rooms, wi-fi facilities, power supply. Al these facilities are there or not are
first checked when choosing the venue. Check capacity of rooms that how many students can fit into
rooms.
e. Fulfill objective and purpose
When choosing venue first step is to look if it is fulfilling all the objectives or not. Right venue helps
to achieve the objective for which venue is chosen. Check classrooms and other rooms that proper
space is there in rooms or not.
10. List 3 different resources/ equipment / or support services available for learners with special
needs.
For a child with special needs a simple activity looks very difficult and complex. The child with special
need looks things differently and use their body in a different manner compared to a normal child. There
are many types of equipment and support services for learners with special need some are: -
Equipment
There are many types of equipment that have been designed for special need learners. The equipment
is design according to the disability of children. The equipment is walkers, toileting chairs, car seats and
many more. This equipment can be used by consulting with doctors. These equipments are expensive
because these equipments are designed according to the child. The equipment provides complete safety
to use the equipment.
Support services
a. School high health need fund (SHHNF)
The SHHNF service is there to support students who have various health issues. The fund is given to
these children who are suffering from various disease and the health condition is not good for
children. These students need fund and fund are provided to them to support so that they can learn
better.

b. Special schools service
The facility of special school is provided to special need student. The student who has a high need
for special teaching get facility from teachers. This facility is provided in regular classes only so that
these students can familiarize with the regular class environment.
11. What information would you put in a session plan?
A session plan is also known as learning plan. It consists of a complete description of objectives and
resources that are require to meet a specific objective. The information required in a session plan are: -
a. Mention learning objectives
All the objectives should be clearly mentioned in a session plan. The objectives like what is the
learning style, skills and concepts taught in class.
b. Mention related concepts
All the related concepts that are related to skills and ideas should be mentioned in session plan.
c. Organize the material
After mentioning the concepts next step is to design the necessary steps to achieve and cover the
objectives. Start comparing the template with initial objective and mark the differences if they are
present.
d. To plan the presentation techniques
Next information that needs to be included is how to present information to students. There are
several approaches that are used to present information to a student like-
1. Discussions- Discussions after lecture are important because the trainees can put up their
questions that encountered during the time of lectures.
2. Lectures- Proper lectures should be given to trainees so that they can properly understand
the topic.
3. Online Learning-Online learning is provided when there is a need for practical experience in IT
skills. When there is a need for videos online learning is used.
e. Evaluation
After providing lectures to trainees the evaluation should be performed to check how many trainees
understand during lecture. Proper questions-answers sessions should be conducted in the
evaluation.
f. Focus on skills timing

The proper record for the time needed for skills is noted. Every skill needs different time so proper
record is maintained for each concept and skills.